A novel analytical method was developed in this study by combining online solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)for simultaneous determination of 50 kinds of steroid hormones in surface water.Specifically,after high-speed centrifugation of 4 mL water samples,the supernatant was directly injected into an Oasis HLB online SPE column for enrichment and purification.Subsequently,the target compounds were transferred to the analytical column via valve switching for separation and analysis.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Acclaim RSLC C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.2 μm),using a mobile phase composed of 5 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution and acetonitrile.Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in positive ion mode,utilizing multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)with quantification achieved by the internal standard method.The method validation demonstrated that the limits of detection(LOD)for the 50 kinds of steroid hormones ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 ng/L,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were between 0.08 and 1.67 ng/L.The average recoveries in surface water samples at spiked concentrations of 5,20 and 200 ng/L were between 74.1％and 119％,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.2％to 9.9％.This method was applied to analyze 11 surface water samples collected from sites surrounding a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park.A total of 44 kinds of steroid hormones were detected,with concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 88.6 ng/L,revealing the presence of hormone contamination in the environmental waters surrounding industrial areas.Compared with the traditional offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly reduced sample volume requirements and pretreatment time,while minimizing the loss of target compounds during the pretreatment process.Moreover,compared to reported online SPE techniques,this method achieved high-throughput analysis of multiple classes of steroid hormones,with lower detection limits and higher recoveries.Overall,this method provided rapid sample preparation,high sensitivity,and excellent stability,making it suitable for the direct analysis of trace steroid hormones in surface water.

Spironolactone, a class II drug of the biopharmaceutics classification system, has low oral bioavailability due to poor solubility. Spironolactone solid dispersions were prepared using the solvent method in order to improve its aqueous solubility. Optimization studies of spironolactone solid dispersions were performed using in vitro dissolution tests. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared were used to investigate the physical state of the drug in carrier materials and to detect the possible interactions between the drug and carrier materials in the solid dispersions. In addition, stress tests were employed to elucidate the key factors which have influence on the stability of the spironolactone solid dispersions. Results showed that spironolactone in the solid dispersions formulated with Soluplus and HPMC-E5 were both in amorphous state and the hydrogen bonds between the drug and carrier materials were formed in the solid dispersion. Therefore, the in vitro dissolution of spironolactone was also significantly enhanced. Stress tests demonstrated that the physical stability of spironolactone solid dispersions prepared with Soluplus was greatly improved compared to those formulated with HPMC-E5. Thus, spironolactone solid dispersion formulated with Soluplus using the solvent method could be used to improve the in vitro dissolution and stability of poorly soluble drugs.

Objective To compare the analgesic effect and adverse event of butorphanol and dezocine which are combined with sufentanil and flurbiprofen axetil in PCIA,to screen out a relatively good analgesic.Methods 110 laparotomy cases from hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) department and 160 laparoscopy cases from general surgery(GS) department of xinqiao hospital of third medical university were included in our study.All patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method,namely the butorphanol group and dezocine group.Butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg,sufentanil 2.8 μg/kg,flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg and granisetron 6 mg were used in HPB butorphanol group.Dezocine 0.2 mg/kg,sufentanil 2.8 μg/kg,flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg and granisetron 6 mg were used in HPB dezocine group.Butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg sufentanil 2.5 μg/kg,flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg and granisetron 6 mg was used in GS butorphanol group.Dezocine 0.2 mg/kg,sufentanil 2.5 μg/kg,flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg and granisetron 6 mg was used in GS dezocine group.The mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),facial expressions of pain score,sedation score,PONV score,NRS score and respiratory depression were observed in postoperative 0 hour,6 hours,24 hours,48 hours.Results For both two departments,the numbers of patients with NRS score and facial expressions of pain scores greater than 3 in dezocine group were more than those in butorphanol group,the differences were significant(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in numbers of patients with NRS score and facial expressions scale of 1 to 3 (P ＞ 0.05).while the number of cases with sedation score ranged from 1 to 3 in dezocine group was less than that in both HPB and GS butorphanol group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in PONV score and itching score which was or less than 3 or more than 3 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For postoperative analgesia in PCIA,butorphanol has better analgesic effect than the same dose of dezocine,and stronger sedation effect than dezocine.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of one-stage posterior transpedicular screw system internal fixation combined with anterior debridement and bone grafting with modified inverted L-shape incision by extraperitoneal approach in treating multiple lumbosacral tuberculosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 15 patients with multiple lumbosacral tuberculosis underwent operation from February 2008 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 6 females with an average of (47.0±13.9) years old. The lesions involved L₄-S₁ in 12 cases, L₄-S₂ in 1 case, L₃-S₁ in 2 cases. Five cases complicated with nerve root symptoms and 2 cases with cauda equina symptoms. All patients were treated with posterior transpedicular screw system internal fixation combined with anterior L₄,₅, L₅S₁ debridement and bone grafting with modified inverted L-shape incision by extraperitoneal approach. Operation time, blood loss, incision length, first passage of gas by anus were recorded. The condition of bone fusion and focus absorption were observed by lumbar CT and MRI; and ESR and CRP were regularly rechecked.

RESULTSFifteen patients were followed up for 18-24 months with an average of (20.0±2.73) months. All lumbosacral pain obtained improvement, and no hardware loosening, breaking, or bone graft block loosening was found. The operative time of anterior-posterior approach surgery was 210-250 min with an average of (231.0±12.1) min; the blood loss was 320-705 ml with an average of(495.0±130.3) ml; the incision length was 15-21 cm with an average of (16.4±3.4) cm, and the extended length of inverted L-shape incision was 6 to 9 cm with an average of (7.1±2.6) cm. The time of first passage of gas by anus was 14 to 40 h with an average of (24.1±7.4) h after operation. All bone graft obtained fusion at final follow-up, and spinal cord symptoms got recovery, ESR and CRP restored normal level with no recurred at 3 months after drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of multiple lumbosacral tuberculosis with posterior transpedicular screw system internal fixation combined with anterior debridement and bone fusion with modified inverted L-shape incision by extraperitoneal approach is feasible and practical. This method has advantages of little trauma, good exposure, less complications and high security.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mid-term outcome of operation for thoracolumbar tuberculosis. METHODS : Twenty-eight patiens with thoracolumbar tuberculosis underwent one stage anterior debridement,interbody fusion with bone graft and posterior pedicle screw internal fixation treatment from July 2006 to July 2011. There were 17 males and 11 females. Total 17 patients had nerve injuries ,including 6 cases of grade B, 5 cases of grade C, 6 cases of grade D according to Frankel classification. The poisoning symptoms of tuberculosis and recovery of spinal function were observed. The bone fusion and recovery of [umbar function were evaluated.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up ,and the duration ranged from 39 to 85 months (mean 57 months). The clinical symptoms were controlled gradually, and the thoracolumbar back pain was alleviated after operation. Among the 17 patients with complications of nerve injuries, 3 patients were improved from preoperative grade B to postoperative grade D, 3 patients were improved from preoperative grade B to postopertive E, 5 patients with preoperative grade C and 6 patients with preoperative D were almostly recovered to normal after operation. According to JOA scoring system for curative effect evaluation, the excellent and good rate at the 3rd month, the 1st year, the 3rd year and the 5th year after operation were 67.86% ,82.14% ,85.71% ,89.29% and 91.30% respectively. The results at the 6th month and the 1st year had no statistical differences compared to the results at the 3rd month (P > 0.05); but the results at the 3rd year and the 5th year were better than that at 3 months after operation (P < 0.05); and the results between 3 yesrs and 5 years after operation had no statistical differences (P < O.05). The degeneration of adjacent segments were evaluated according to the California University (Universith of California at Los Angeles , UCLA) score. The degeneration rate was 53.57% (15/28) at the 3rd year after surgery, which was better than that before surgery. Twenty-three patients were followed up for 5 years ,and the degeneration rate was 86.96% (20/23) ,which was better than those of before surgery and 3 years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe surgical treatment for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis can achieve the thorough debridement, reconstruction of spinal stability, recovery of lumbar function and promote the functional recovery of the spinal cord, which is an effective method of treatment. However, the mid term follow-up showed that more severe degenerative changes were found in the postoperative adjacent segment.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; physiopathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complications of percutaneous kyphoplasty except bone leakge for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures.

METHODSFrom October 2008 to October 2012,178 patients with 224 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anethsia. There were 72 males and 106 females,ranging in age from 58 to 92 years old,with an average of 75.3 years,including 93 thoracic vertebrae and 131 lumbar vertebrae. The complications except bone cement leakage were analyzed during operation and after operation.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and all patients were followed up from 12 to 60 months with an average of 26.2 months. No death was found. Bone cement leakage occurred in 27 cases, about 15.1% in 178 cases; and complications except bone cement leakage occurred in 15 cases. There was 1 case with cardiac arrest,was completely recovery by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately; and 1 case with temporary absence of breathing,was recovery after treatment. There were 3 cases with fall of blood pressure and slower of heart rate; 1 case with intestinal obstruction; 2 cases with local hematoma and 1 case with intercostal neuralgia. Vertebral body fractures of 2 cases were split by bone cement and the fractures of adjacent body occurred in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONIt's uncommon complication except bone cement leakge in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous kyphoplasty. The complication of cardiopulmonary system is a high risk in surgery; and cytotoxicity of bone cement,nervous reflex,fat embolism and alteration of intravertebral pressure may be main reasons.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; adverse effects ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures under local anesthesia.

METHODSFrom May 2007 to May 2010,129 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated with PKP under local anesthesia. There were 47 males and 82 females, ranging in age from 61 to 92 years old,with an average of 73.7 years old,including 88 segments of thoracic vertebrae and 101 segments of lumbar vertebrae. Visual analogue scale (VAS),height of vertebral body,Cobb's angle were evaluated before and after operation.

RESULTSOperations were performed successfully in all patients and these patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of 34.2 months. Preoperative,postoperative two weeks and at final follow-up,VAS score was 7.9+/-2.5,2.8+/-1.8,3.0+/-2.2,respectively;Cobb angle was (28.3+/-13.7)degree, (16.2+/-9.8)degree, (19.1+/-10.3)degree, respectively. There was significant difference between postoperative and preoperative, and between at final follow up and preoperative (P<0.05). The height of vertebral body obtained partial recovery. Bone cement leakage occurred in 23 vertebrae (with proportion of 17.8%) during operation,among one patient with temporary clinical symptom of radiculalgia. All lumbago obtained obviously anesis after operation, 1 case complicated with respiratory depression and recovered after resuscitation; 1 case complicated with intestinal obstruction and improved after treatment, 1 case complicated with fracture separation of vertebral body by bone cement, and 4 cases complicated with fracture of adjacent vertebral body.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous vertebral kyphoplasty is an effective method for treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,which can expeditiously relieve pain and effectively recovery height of vertebral body and Cobb angle,it has advantages of minimal invasive. The results of short and mid-term follow-up were satisfactory, long-term follow-up is still needed. Correctly choosing the operative indication and improving surgical technique may avoid complications, especially bone cement leakage which is the most frequent complication.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia, Local ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVEWe observed the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of different antidepressants as well as the correlation between symptomatic improvement of depression and improvement of chest pain in patients with susceptible "angina pectoris" and negative coronary angiogram complicating comorbid depression.

METHODSIn this double-blinded randomized study, a total of 123 eligible patients were allocated into three groups: (1) Group F: fluoxetine 20 mg QN (n = 41); (2) Group P: Placebo 1 tablet QN (n = 40); (3) Group F + O: fluoxetine 20 mg + olanzapine 2.5 mg QN for the former 2 weeks and only fluoxetine 20 mg QN for the latter 2 weeks (n = 42). The total therapy duration was 4 weeks. HAMD, HAMA and self-evaluation table of chest pain were obtained before therapy, at the end of 1 and 2 weeks after therapy.

RESULTSBaseline HAMD and HAMA scores and self-evaluation score of chest pain were similar among 3 groups and all scores were significantly improved post various therapies in the order of group F + O > group F > group P. The rate of score decrease were seen after 1 week treatment in group F + O and after 2 week treatment in group F. There was a significant positive correlation between the rates of self-evaluation chest pain score decrease and HAMD (r = 0.867, P < 0.001) and HAMA (r = 0.854, P < 0.001) score decreases after 4 weeks therapies (P < 0.05). During the whole course of treatment, no serious adverse reaction was found in all patients.

CONCLUSIONIn patients with suspected "angina pectoris" and negative coronary angiogram complicating comorbid depression, the antidepressants were safe and significantly improved the symptoms of depression and anxiety and chest pain. Low dose fluoxetine plus short term olanzapine regimen was superior to fluoxetine alone regimen in terms of stronger and quicker symptom improvement.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ; therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Angiography ; Depressive Disorder ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fluoxetine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to examine the in vitro effects of fenvalerate on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression level in rat granulosa cells.

METHODSUsing primary cultured rat granulosa cells (rGCs) as model, fenvalerate of various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 625 micromol/L) was added to the medium for 24 h. In some cases, optimal concentrations of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (25 micromol/L), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, 2 mg/L), or 8-Bromo-cAMP (1 mmol/L) were provided. Concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol(E2) and progesterone (P4) in the medium from the same culture wells were measured by RIA and the steroidogenic enzyme mRNA level was quantified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSFenvalerate decreased both P4 and E2 production in a dose-dependent manner while it could significantly stimulate rGCs proliferation. This inhibition was stronger in the presence of FSH. Furthermore, it could not be reversed by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol or 8-Bromo-cAMP. RT-PCR revealed that fenvalerate had no significant effect on 3 beta-HSD, but could increase the P450scc mRNA level. In addition, 17 beta-HSD mRNA level was dramatically reduced with the increase of fenvalerate dose after 24 h treatment.

CONCLUSIONFenvalerate inhibits both P4 and E2 production in rGCs. These results support the view that fenvalerate is considered as a kind of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The mechanism of its disruption may involve the effects on steroidogenesis signaling cascades and/or steroidogenic enzyme's activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; analysis ; metabolism ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estradiol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; pharmacology ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydroxycholesterols ; pharmacology ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Progesterone ; analysis ; metabolism ; Pyrethrins ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Steroids ; metabolism