BACKGROUND:Endometrial receptivity is a key factor in embryo implantation in northwest Tibetan cashmere goats,and the expression of genes related to endometrial receptivity and their variable splicing are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and explore genes and variable splicing events related to endometrial receptivity in northwest Tibetan cashmere goats. METHODS:On days 5 and 15 of pregnancy(representing pre receptive endometrium group and receptive endometrium group),three northwest Tibetan cashmere goats were randomly selected.Endometrial tissue was collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe tissue morphology.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of endometrial receptive marker proteins leukemia inhibitory factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.After the total RNA was extracted and the quality test was qualified,transcriptome sequencing was performed to search differentially expressed mRNAs,lncRNAs,circRNAs,and miRNAs,perform functional prediction,and analyze alternative splicing mRNAs and lncRNAs related to endometrial receptivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the pre receptive endometrium group,the expression levels of leukemia inhibitory factor and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in the endometrial tissue of the receptive endometrium group were significantly increased.(2)The sequencing results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly mRNA and lncRNA genes,including 250 upregulated mRNAs,193 upregulated lncRNAs,135 downregulated mRNAs,and 123 downregulated lncRNAs,which were significantly enriched in the Wnt,Hedgehog,and Hippo signaling pathways.(3)Alternative splicing event analysis uncovered 8 differentially expressed variable splicing transcripts,which were all mRNA transcripts,including 2 downregulated and 6 upregulated,and were significantly associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling,cell motility,and embryonic development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of different noninvasive diagnostic models in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices since there is a high risk of esophageal and gastric varices in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension， and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices. MethodsA total of 108 patients with significant portal hypertension due to compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who attended Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2017 to November 2023 were enrolled， and according to the presence or absence of esophageal and gastric varices under gastroscopy， they were divided into esophageal and gastric varices group （GOV group） and non-esophageal and gastric varices group （NGOV group）. Related data were collected， including age， sex， imaging findings， and laboratory markers. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of five scoring models， i.e.， fibrosis-4 （FIB-4）， LOK index， LPRI， aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）， and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio （AAR）. The binary logistic regression method was used to establish a combined model， and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） was compared between the combined model and each scoring model used alone. The Delong test was used to compare the AUC value between any two noninvasive diagnostic models. ResultsThere were 55 patients in the GOV group and 53 patients in the NGOV group. Compared with the NGOV group， the GOV group had a significantly higher age （52.64±1.44 years vs 47.96±1.68 years， t=0.453， P<0.05） and significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase ［42.00 （24.00 — 17.00） U/L vs 82.00 （46.00 — 271.00） U/L， Z=-3.065， P<0.05］， aspartate aminotransferase ［44.00 （32.00 — 96.00） U/L vs 62.00 （42.50 — 154.50） U/L，Z=-2.351， P<0.05］， and platelet count ［100.00 （69.00 — 120.00）×10⁹/L vs 119.00 （108.50 — 140.50）×10⁹/L， Z=-3.667， P<0.05］. The ROC curve analysis showed that FIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR used alone had an accuracy of 0.667， 0.681， 0.730， and 0.639， respectively， in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices （all P<0.05）， and the positive diagnostic rates of GOV were 69.97%， 65.28%， 67.33%， and 58.86%， respectively， with no significant differences in AUC values （all P>0.05）， while APRI used alone had no diagnostic value （P>0.05）. A combined model （LAF） was established based on the binary logistic regression analysis and had an AUC of 0.805 and a positive diagnostic rate of GOV of 75.80%， with a significantly higher AUC than FIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR used alone （Z=-2.773，-2.479，-2.206， and-2.672， all P<0.05）. ConclusionFIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR have a similar diagnostic value for esophageal and gastric varices in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension， and APRI alone has no diagnostic value. The combined model LAF had the best diagnostic efficacy， which provides a certain reference for clinical promotion and application.

Brain’s neural activities encompass both periodic rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic neural fluctuations. Rhythmic oscillations manifest as spectral peaks of neural signals, directly reflecting the synchronized activities of neural populations and closely tied to cognitive and behavioral states. In contrast, aperiodic fluctuations exhibit a power-law decaying spectral trend, revealing the multiscale dynamics of brain neural activity. In recent years, researchers have made notable progress in studying brain aperiodic dynamics. These studies demonstrate that aperiodic activity holds significant physiological relevance, correlating with various physiological states such as external stimuli, drug induction, sleep states, and aging. Aperiodic activity serves as a reflection of the brain’s sensory capacity, consciousness level, and cognitive ability. In clinical research, the aperiodic exponent has emerged as a significant potential biomarker, capable of reflecting the progression and trends of brain diseases while being intricately intertwined with the excitation-inhibition balance of neural system. The physiological mechanisms underlying aperiodic dynamics span multiple neural scales, with activities at the levels of individual neurons, neuronal ensembles, and neural networks collectively influencing the frequency, oscillatory patterns, and spatiotemporal characteristics of aperiodic signals. Aperiodic dynamics currently boasts broad application prospects. It not only provides a novel perspective for investigating brain neural dynamics but also holds immense potential as a neural marker in neuromodulation or brain-computer interface technologies. This paper summarizes methods for extracting characteristic parameters of aperiodic activity, analyzes its physiological relevance and potential as a biomarker in brain diseases, summarizes its physiological mechanisms, and based on these findings, elaborates on the research prospects of aperiodic dynamics.

With the completion of the "Human Genome Project" and the smooth progress of the "Herbal Genome Project", the research wave of RNAomics is gradually advancing, opening the research gateway for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and initiating the post-genome era of medicinal plant RNA research. Therefore, this article proposes for the first time the concept of HerbRNomes, which involves constructing databases of medicinal plant, medicinal fungus, and medicinal animal RNA at different stages, from different origins, and in different organs. This research aims to explore the role of HerbRNA in self-genetic information transmission, functional regulation, as well as cross-species regulation functional mechanisms and key technologies. It also investigates application scenarios, providing a theoretical basis and research ideas for the resistance of TCM or medicinal plants to adversity and stress, molecular assistant breeding, and the development of small nucleic acid drugs. This article reviews recent research progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the transmission and expression of genetic information, self-regulation and cross-species regulation of herbs at the RNA level, along with key technologies. It proposes a development strategy for small nucleic acid drugs based on HerbRNomes, providing theoretical support and guidance for the modernization of TCM based on HerbRNomes research.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

[摘 要] 目的：探究吲哚胺2，3-双加氧酶1（IDO1）在不同类型乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与患者预后和免疫细胞浸润的关系。方法：收集 TCGA 数据库中乳腺癌RNA测序数据和相应临床资料，分析IDO1 mRNA在不同亚型、不同分期、不同绝经阶段及不同年龄等各类型乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异。将IDO1 mRNA表达有明显差异的乳腺癌类型的患者分为IDO1高、低表达组，比较3组间的疾病特异性生存率（DSS），分析IDO1 mRNA在DSS有明显差异的癌组织中的表达水平与免疫细胞浸润的关系。采用免疫组化法检测IDO1蛋白在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性及Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中的表达情况，对数据库数据进行验证。结果：IDO1 mRNA在乳腺癌组织中呈高表达，但在不同类型乳腺癌中的表达不同。IDO1 mRNA在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性、HER2阴性亚型、Ⅱ期、T2期、N0期和M0期分期、绝经前、绝经后和年龄≤ 60岁患者的乳腺癌组织中呈高表达（P < 0.05或P < 0.01或P < 0.001）。ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期亚组中，IDO1 mRNA高表达患者的DSS明显高于低表达患者（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中IDO1 mRNA表达与活化的树突状细胞（aDC）、Th1细胞、T细胞、CD56dim NK细胞、CTL和Treg细胞等免疫细胞浸润有关联（均P < 0.001）。IDO1蛋白在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性及Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中均呈高表达（均P < 0.001），与数据库数据分析结果一致。结论：IDO1在不同类型的乳腺癌组织中的表达不同，IDO1表达与ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者的预后和免疫细胞浸润有关联。

In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory effects of Buqi tongqiao formula on intestinal flora and immune balance in immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） rats based on the theory of “treating different diseases with the same therapy”. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly assigned to the Normal group and the modeling group. IgAN rat models were established in the modeling group by intragastric administration of bovine serum albumin， subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride and castor oil mixture， and tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharide. Successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into the model group （Model group）， Buqi tongqiao formula low-dose group （BQTQ-L group）， Buqi tongqiao formula high-dose group （BQTQ- H group）， and positive control group （BZP group）， with 15 rats in each group. BZP group received intragastric administration of benazepril hydrochloride （10 mg/kg）， while BQTQ-L and BQTQ-H groups were given Buqi tongqiao formula at doses of 9.81 and 19.62 g/kg （calculated as raw herb weight）， respectively. The Normal group and the Model group received an equal volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. The 24-hour urinary total protein （24 h UTP） contents were measured at weeks 8， 10， 12， 14 and 16 of the experiment. After the last administration， serum creatinine （Scr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） contents were detected. Renal histopathological changes and glomerular IgA immune complex deposition were examined. Additionally， alterations in gut microbiota composition， the proportions of peripheral T helper cell 17 （Th17） and regulatory T cell （Treg）， as well as the ratio of Th17 and Treg （Th17/Treg）， were analyzed across all groups. RESULTS Compared with the Model group， rats in both BQTQ-L and BQTQ-H groups showed alleviated mesangial cell hyperplasia， reduced matrix expansion， and decreased IgA immune complex deposition in the glomeruli. The 24 h UTP contents （at weeks 14 and 16 in the BQTQ-L group； at weeks 12， 14 and 16 in the BQTQ-H group）， Scr and BUN contents， IgA-positive area fluorescence intensities， relative abundances of Firmicutes， Th17 cell proportions， and Th17/Treg were significantly decreased in both BQTQ-L and BQTQ-H groups （P＜0.05）； while the Chao1， Observed species， Shannon， and Simpson （except for BQTQ-H group） indexes， the relative abundances of Bacteroidota， and the proportions of Treg were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Differential microbiota included c_Clostridia （BQTQ-L group vs. Model group） and g_Ruminococcus （BQTQ-H group vs. Model group）， etc. CONCLUSIONS Buqi tongqiao formula may alleviate renal injury and exert a renal protective effect in IgAN rats by modulating intestinal flora homeostasis and Th17/Treg immune balance.

This study aims to explore whether Naoxintong Capsules improve multiple cerebral infarctions and myocardial injury via promoting angiogenesis, thereby exerting a simultaneous treatment effect on both the brain and heart. Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated group, model group, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of Naoxintong Capsules(440, 220, and 110 mg·kg~(-1)), and nimodipine group(10.8 mg·kg~(-1)). Rat models of multiple cerebral infarctions were established by injecting autologous thrombus, and samples were collected and tested seven days after modeling. Evaluations included multiple cerebral infarction model assessments, neurological function scores, grip strength tests, and rotarod tests, so as to evaluate neuromotor functions. Morphological structures of brain and heart tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Nissl staining, and Masson staining. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the mechanisms of Naoxintong Capsules in improving multiple cerebral infarctions and myocardial injury. Neuronal and myocardial cell ultrastructures were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis rate in brain neuronal cells was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining, and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels in myocardial cells were measured. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31), antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki67(Ki67), hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34(CD34), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) in brain and myocardial tissue. Western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2), sarcoma(Src), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), angiopoietin-1(Ang-1), and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase(Tie-2). Compared with the model group, the medium-dose group of Naoxintong Capsules showed significantly lower neurological function scores, increased grip strength, and prolonged time on the rotarod. Pathological damage in brain and heart tissue was reduced, with increased and more orderly arranged mitochondria in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis in brain neuronal cells was decreased, and ROS levels in cardiomyocytes were reduced. The microvascular density and endothelial cells of new blood vessels in brain and heart tissue increased, with increased overlapping regions of CD31 and Ki67 expression. The relative protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, Src, Ang-1, Tie-2, and bFGF were elevated in brain tissue and myocardial tissue. Naoxintong Capsules may improve multiple cerebral infarctions and myocardial injury by mediating HIF-1α/VEGF expression to promote angiogenesis.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Cerebral Infarction/genetics* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics* ; Capsules ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Humans ; Brain/metabolism* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects*

This study aims to explore the mechanism of lung and gut protection by Tanreqing Capsules on the mice infected with influenza virus based on "the lung-gut axis". A total of 110 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control group, model group, oseltamivir group, and low-and high-dose Tanreqing Capsules groups. Ten mice in each group underwent body weight protection experiments, and the remaining 12 mice underwent experiments for mechanism exploration. Mice were infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/08/1934(PR8) via nasal inhalation for the modeling. The lung tissue was collected on day 3 after gavage, and the lung tissue, colon tissue, and feces were collected on day 7 after gavage for subsequent testing. The results showed that Tanreqing Capsules alleviated the body weight reduction and increased the survival rate caused by PR8 infection. Compared with model group, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate the lung injury by reducing the lung index, alleviating inflammation and edema in the lung tissue, down-regulating viral gene expression at the late stage of infection, reducing the percentage of neutrophils, and increasing the percentage of T cells. Tanreqing Capsules relieved the gut injury by restoring the colon length, increasing intestinal lumen mucin secretion, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and reducing goblet cell destruction. The gut microbiota analysis showed that Tanreqing Capsules increased species diversity compared with model group. At the phylum level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria to maintain gut microbiota balance. At the genus level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of unclassified＿f＿Lachnospiraceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Phocaeicola to maintain gut microbiota balance. In conclusion, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate mouse lung and gut injury caused by influenza virus infection and restore the balance of gut microbiota. Treating influenza from the lung and gut can provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Lung/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Capsules ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Influenza A virus/physiology* ; Influenza, Human/virology*