OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of osthole for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), focusing on its ability to alleviate chronic pruritus (CP) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of osthole in both a 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulated huma immortalized epidermal (HaCaT) cells. The anti-itch effect of osthole was specifically assessed in the AD mouse model. Using methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Osthole improved skin damage and clinical dermatitis scores, reduced scratching bouts, and decreased epidermal thickness AD-like mice. It also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31 RA) in both skin tissues and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, Osthole suppressed the protein expression levels of phosphor-p65 (p-p65) and phosphor-inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα (p-IκBα). Meanwhile, it increased the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that osthole effectively inhibited CP in AD by activating PPARα, PPARγ, repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the expression of IL-31 and IL-31 RA.

Objective:To explore the chain mediating role of positive coping and health literacy in the relationship between family function and social frailty in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 320 DR patients who visited the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2023 to June 2024. Participants completed a general information questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the pairwise correlations between family function, positive coping, health literacy, and social frailty. The chain mediation model was tested using Model 6 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS 3.5. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, and 312 were collected. After excluding those with more than 10% missing items or regular response patterns, 302 valid questionnaires were analyzed, yielding a valid response rate of 94.38% (302/320) .Results:Among the 302 DR patients, the mean scores were as follows: FAD (154.26±9.79), positive coping (18.66±5.21), HeLMS (81.38±10.09), and SVI [13.50 (11.50, 16.00) ]. Univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, education level, employment status, and diabetes duration were significant influencing factors of social frailty ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that family function, positive coping, health literacy, and social frailty were all significantly correlated with each other ( P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that family function positively predicted the level of social frailty, with a direct effect value of 0.128, accounting for 65.64% of the total effect. Positive coping and health literacy played a mediating role through three pathways: family function→positive coping→social frailty (effect=0.037, 18.97% of the total effect) ; family function→health literacy→social frailty (effect=0.023, 11.80%) ; and family function→positive coping→health literacy→social frailty (effect=0.007, 3.59%). The total indirect effect was 0.067, accounting for 34.36% of the total effect. Conclusions:Family function affects the level of social frailty in DR patients both directly and indirectly through the mediating roles of positive coping and health literacy. Interventions targeting family function improvement, enhancement of positive coping strategies, and health literacy promotion may help reduce social frailty in this population.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up information of patients diagnosed with superficial duodenal non-ampullary adenomas via preoperative endoscopy and treated endoscopically at Peking University First Hospital between January 2013 and January 2024. The overall en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate of the lesion, perioperative complications, and recurrence rates were evaluated. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their treatment modality: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)（ n=46）, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)（ n=16）, and modified ESD (ESD with snare, ESD-S)（ n=24）. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate operative time, en bloc resection rate, and complete resection rate among the three groups. Results:Among 86 patients, the overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 87.2% (75/86) and 86.0% (74/86), respectively. No case of delayed bleeding was observed during the perioperative period. Intraoperative perforation occurred in two patients, both of whom improved following conservative management. Delayed perforation was noted in four patients, and three of them were successfully managed with surgical intervention, while one case was resolved after conservative treatment. During the follow-up period, local recurrence was identified in two patients. Following re-treatment with endoscopy and continuous surveillance, no further recurrence was observed. The operative times for the EMR group, ESD-S group, and ESD group were 4 (1-36) minutes, 25 (5-190) minutes, and 46 (5-150) minutes, respectively. Significant differences were observed in operative times among the three groups ( Hc=49.892, P<0.001). The en bloc resection rates for the EMR, ESD-S, and ESD groups were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 100.0% (16/16), respectively. The complete resection rates were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 93.8% (15/16) for the respective groups. Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma. In addition to traditional EMR and ESD, ESD-S is also an effective procedure for endoscopic treatment of non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.

Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Objective:To explore the chain mediating role of positive coping and health literacy in the relationship between family function and social frailty in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 320 DR patients who visited the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2023 to June 2024. Participants completed a general information questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the pairwise correlations between family function, positive coping, health literacy, and social frailty. The chain mediation model was tested using Model 6 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS 3.5. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, and 312 were collected. After excluding those with more than 10% missing items or regular response patterns, 302 valid questionnaires were analyzed, yielding a valid response rate of 94.38% (302/320) .Results:Among the 302 DR patients, the mean scores were as follows: FAD (154.26±9.79), positive coping (18.66±5.21), HeLMS (81.38±10.09), and SVI [13.50 (11.50, 16.00) ]. Univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, education level, employment status, and diabetes duration were significant influencing factors of social frailty ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that family function, positive coping, health literacy, and social frailty were all significantly correlated with each other ( P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that family function positively predicted the level of social frailty, with a direct effect value of 0.128, accounting for 65.64% of the total effect. Positive coping and health literacy played a mediating role through three pathways: family function→positive coping→social frailty (effect=0.037, 18.97% of the total effect) ; family function→health literacy→social frailty (effect=0.023, 11.80%) ; and family function→positive coping→health literacy→social frailty (effect=0.007, 3.59%). The total indirect effect was 0.067, accounting for 34.36% of the total effect. Conclusions:Family function affects the level of social frailty in DR patients both directly and indirectly through the mediating roles of positive coping and health literacy. Interventions targeting family function improvement, enhancement of positive coping strategies, and health literacy promotion may help reduce social frailty in this population.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up information of patients diagnosed with superficial duodenal non-ampullary adenomas via preoperative endoscopy and treated endoscopically at Peking University First Hospital between January 2013 and January 2024. The overall en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate of the lesion, perioperative complications, and recurrence rates were evaluated. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their treatment modality: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)（ n=46）, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)（ n=16）, and modified ESD (ESD with snare, ESD-S)（ n=24）. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate operative time, en bloc resection rate, and complete resection rate among the three groups. Results:Among 86 patients, the overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 87.2% (75/86) and 86.0% (74/86), respectively. No case of delayed bleeding was observed during the perioperative period. Intraoperative perforation occurred in two patients, both of whom improved following conservative management. Delayed perforation was noted in four patients, and three of them were successfully managed with surgical intervention, while one case was resolved after conservative treatment. During the follow-up period, local recurrence was identified in two patients. Following re-treatment with endoscopy and continuous surveillance, no further recurrence was observed. The operative times for the EMR group, ESD-S group, and ESD group were 4 (1-36) minutes, 25 (5-190) minutes, and 46 (5-150) minutes, respectively. Significant differences were observed in operative times among the three groups ( Hc=49.892, P<0.001). The en bloc resection rates for the EMR, ESD-S, and ESD groups were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 100.0% (16/16), respectively. The complete resection rates were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 93.8% (15/16) for the respective groups. Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma. In addition to traditional EMR and ESD, ESD-S is also an effective procedure for endoscopic treatment of non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.

Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Drug addiction is a major medical and social issue globally,but there is still a lack of ideal clinical treatments.Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),a key gut-brain peptide,and its receptor agonists have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.In recent years,the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in combating drug addiction has received increasing attention.Based on an overview of the GLP-1 system and its receptor agonist,this article reviews the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in drug addiction at both the nonclinical and clinical levels by focusing on addictive psychoactive substances(including alcohol,tobacco,cocaine,opioids,and amphetamines).Future developments are also predicted to provide new clues to the mechanism of drug addiction and development of therapeutic drugs.

Rumination is a pathological habitual thinking pattern commonly observed in various mental disorders. It is closely associated with the severity of symptoms, treatment outcomes, and social functioning outcomes in conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In recent years, rumination has become a focal point in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. However, research on rumination still faces challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, lack of consistent assessment tools, unclear pathological mechanisms, and a shortage of effective intervention methods. This paper conducts a comprehensive review by examining relevant domestic and international literature to enhance our understanding of rumination across different mental disorders. The review encompasses the concepts, assessments, pathological mechanisms, and intervention methods of rumination, aiming to provide insights and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rumination.