Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)are benign tumors originating from the pituitary gland.Although surgical and pharmacological treatments can achieve gross total resection of the tumor and restore endocrine function,patients often experience cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation disorders,which can reduce their quality of life.Different types of PitNETs present with varying psychological and mental symptoms.For example,patients with prolactinomas,growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors,and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors commonly experience cognitive impairment(e.g.,memory and executive function)and emotional dysregulation(e.g.,anxiety and depression).Patients with non-functioning PitNETs commonly experience headaches and visual disturbances due to the mass effect of the tumor.Additionally,some of these patients may also develop cognitive impairments.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PitNETs influence neuropsychological function,developing more precise bedside assessment tools,and exploring personalized intervention strategies to improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)are benign tumors originating from the pituitary gland.Although surgical and pharmacological treatments can achieve gross total resection of the tumor and restore endocrine function,patients often experience cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation disorders,which can reduce their quality of life.Different types of PitNETs present with varying psychological and mental symptoms.For example,patients with prolactinomas,growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors,and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors commonly experience cognitive impairment(e.g.,memory and executive function)and emotional dysregulation(e.g.,anxiety and depression).Patients with non-functioning PitNETs commonly experience headaches and visual disturbances due to the mass effect of the tumor.Additionally,some of these patients may also develop cognitive impairments.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PitNETs influence neuropsychological function,developing more precise bedside assessment tools,and exploring personalized intervention strategies to improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment strategy of brain arteriovenous malforma-tions(AVM) associated with arterial aneurysms. Methods The clinical manifestation, imaging data, treatment and out-come of the patients with AVM were retrospectively analyzed in 38(10.4%) of these 364 patients. Results Hemorrhage was the most common clinical manifestation (60.5%). The hemorrhage risk was higher in AVM associated with arterial an-eurysms than in single AVM(χ2=5.956,P<0.05). The most common type of associated aneurysms was feeding artery an-eurysm (69.4%). Hemorrhage more frequently occurred within the aneurysm.(χ2=8.869,P<0.05). The bleeding lesions and 43 associated aneurysms of the 37 patients were treated effectively by endovascular treatment and/or craniotomy. Thirty-four patients had excellent or good outcomes, six patients had complications, 3 patients had neurological deficits. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination showed the complete disappearance of arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm in sixteen cases. Conclusions The AVM associated with aneurysms is common in patients with AVM. AVM associated with aneurysms has a higher risk of hemorrhage than single AVM. The aneurysm within AVM has a higher rate of hemorrhage. The treatment priority should be given to the bleeding lesions and aneurysms.