ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different visual inputs and task conditions on balance function and lower limb biomechanical characteristics in children with spastic hemiplegia. MethodsFrom March to July, 2025, 30 children aged six to nine years old with spastic hemiplegia (hemiplegia group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were selected. A 2×2×2 mixed experimental design was employed, involving groups (hemiplegia vs. healthy), tasks (single-task vs. dual-task), and vision (eyes open vs. eyes closed). One week before test, they were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Wee Function Independent Measurement (WeeFIM) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ). A 3D gait analysis system and a plantar pressure testing system were used to collect spatio-temporal parameters of walking speed, stride length, cadence and step width, kinematic parameters of hip/knee/ankle joint angles, kinetic parameters of forefoot loading ratio, center of pressure (CoP) displacement, while dual-task cost (DTC) was caculated. ResultsSpatio-temporal parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, walking speed and stride length decreased while step width increased in the hemiplegia group. Significant interaction effects among group, task, and vision were observed for speed, stride length, and step width (F > 4.886, P < 0.05). Kinematic parameters indicated that during dual-tasks, the hemiplegia group exhibited increased hip flexion and decreased ankle dorsiflexion; under eyes-closed conditions, knee flexion increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected all joint angles (F > 4.876, P < 0.05). Kinetic parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, the forefoot loading ratio and anteroposterior CoP displacement decreased, while mediolateral CoP displacement increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected CoP displacement (F > 4.355, P < 0.05). All the DTC was significantly higher in the hemiplegia group than in the control group, except DTC of the cadence (|t| > 14.393, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the score of FMA-LE was strongly negatively correlated with DTC (|r| > 0.731, P < 0.01). The Functional Independence Measure for Children and Working Memory Index showed moderate negative correlations with the DTC of walking speed and cadence (|r| > 0.462, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe gait and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia are concurrently influenced by dual-tasking and visual input. The superposition of visual deprivation and dual-tasks significantly exacerbates gait abnormalities. Furthermore, is strongly correlated with motor function and working memory.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different visual inputs and task conditions on balance function and lower limb biomechanical characteristics in children with spastic hemiplegia. MethodsFrom March to July, 2025, 30 children aged six to nine years old with spastic hemiplegia (hemiplegia group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were selected. A 2×2×2 mixed experimental design was employed, involving groups (hemiplegia vs. healthy), tasks (single-task vs. dual-task), and vision (eyes open vs. eyes closed). One week before test, they were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Wee Function Independent Measurement (WeeFIM) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ). A 3D gait analysis system and a plantar pressure testing system were used to collect spatio-temporal parameters of walking speed, stride length, cadence and step width, kinematic parameters of hip/knee/ankle joint angles, kinetic parameters of forefoot loading ratio, center of pressure (CoP) displacement, while dual-task cost (DTC) was caculated. ResultsSpatio-temporal parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, walking speed and stride length decreased while step width increased in the hemiplegia group. Significant interaction effects among group, task, and vision were observed for speed, stride length, and step width (F > 4.886, P < 0.05). Kinematic parameters indicated that during dual-tasks, the hemiplegia group exhibited increased hip flexion and decreased ankle dorsiflexion; under eyes-closed conditions, knee flexion increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected all joint angles (F > 4.876, P < 0.05). Kinetic parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, the forefoot loading ratio and anteroposterior CoP displacement decreased, while mediolateral CoP displacement increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected CoP displacement (F > 4.355, P < 0.05). All the DTC was significantly higher in the hemiplegia group than in the control group, except DTC of the cadence (|t| > 14.393, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the score of FMA-LE was strongly negatively correlated with DTC (|r| > 0.731, P < 0.01). The Functional Independence Measure for Children and Working Memory Index showed moderate negative correlations with the DTC of walking speed and cadence (|r| > 0.462, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe gait and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia are concurrently influenced by dual-tasking and visual input. The superposition of visual deprivation and dual-tasks significantly exacerbates gait abnormalities. Furthermore, is strongly correlated with motor function and working memory.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different visual inputs and task conditions on balance function and lower limb biomechanical characteristics in children with spastic hemiplegia. MethodsFrom March to July, 2025, 30 children aged six to nine years old with spastic hemiplegia (hemiplegia group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were selected. A 2×2×2 mixed experimental design was employed, involving groups (hemiplegia vs. healthy), tasks (single-task vs. dual-task), and vision (eyes open vs. eyes closed). One week before test, they were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Wee Function Independent Measurement (WeeFIM) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ). A 3D gait analysis system and a plantar pressure testing system were used to collect spatio-temporal parameters of walking speed, stride length, cadence and step width, kinematic parameters of hip/knee/ankle joint angles, kinetic parameters of forefoot loading ratio, center of pressure (CoP) displacement, while dual-task cost (DTC) was caculated. ResultsSpatio-temporal parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, walking speed and stride length decreased while step width increased in the hemiplegia group. Significant interaction effects among group, task, and vision were observed for speed, stride length, and step width (F > 4.886, P < 0.05). Kinematic parameters indicated that during dual-tasks, the hemiplegia group exhibited increased hip flexion and decreased ankle dorsiflexion; under eyes-closed conditions, knee flexion increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected all joint angles (F > 4.876, P < 0.05). Kinetic parameters showed that under dual-task and eyes-closed conditions, the forefoot loading ratio and anteroposterior CoP displacement decreased, while mediolateral CoP displacement increased. The interaction of the three factors significantly affected CoP displacement (F > 4.355, P < 0.05). All the DTC was significantly higher in the hemiplegia group than in the control group, except DTC of the cadence (|t| > 14.393, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the score of FMA-LE was strongly negatively correlated with DTC (|r| > 0.731, P < 0.01). The Functional Independence Measure for Children and Working Memory Index showed moderate negative correlations with the DTC of walking speed and cadence (|r| > 0.462, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe gait and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia are concurrently influenced by dual-tasking and visual input. The superposition of visual deprivation and dual-tasks significantly exacerbates gait abnormalities. Furthermore, is strongly correlated with motor function and working memory.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) combined with upper limb intelligent robotic training on muscle tension, motor function and cortical excitability in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). MethodsFrom March, 2023 to December, 2024, 90 children with USCP admitted to Children's Hospital of Soochow University were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 30), rPMS group (n = 30) and combined group (n = 30). The control group received conventional occupational therapy. The rPMS group received rPMS intervention followed by conventional occupational therapy. The combined group received rPMS followed by upper limb intelligent robot training, for four weeks. Before and after treatment, muscle tension of biceps brachii was assessed using the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); upper limb motor function was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and upper limb intelligent parameters; and cortical excitability was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including resting motor threshold (RMT) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the affected hemisphere. ResultsAfter treatment, MAS grades improved in all groups (|Z| > 3.523, P < 0.001), and the improvement in the combined group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Significant intra-group (F > 65.21, P < 0.001), inter-group (F > 17.94, P < 0.001) and interaction effects (F > 5.36, P < 0.01) were observed in FMA-UE scores, upper limb intelligent parameters and TMS parameters. Post Hoc analysis showed that the combined group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in FMA-UE scores, upper limb intelligent parameters, and TMS parameters compared with both the control and rPMS groups (all P < 0.01). Except for FMA-UE scores, the rPMS group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in upper limb intelligent parameters (mechanical feedback, trajectory, and range of motion) and TMS parameters (RMT and MEP amplitude) (P < 0.05). ConclusionrPMS combined with upper limb intelligent robotic training can reduce upper limb muscle tension, improve motor function, and enhance cortical excitability in children with USCP.

Objective To study the efficacy of speech training combined with Montessori education on speech problems in children after velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis of 63 cases of children who underwent velopharyngeal repair at Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2019 and December 2021 was conducted.Subjects were divided into three groups.A total of 21 patients who received family rehabilitation training after the operation were divided into control group A,42 patients who received regular hospital rehabilitation training after the operation were divided into group B and group C,of which 21 patients in group B received routine speech training,and 21 patients in group C received Montessori education and routine speech training.Nasal resonance status,assessment of dysarthric intelligibility,and cranially positioned lateral radi-ographs when pronouncing/i/sounds were evaluated individually before treatment and 6 months after treatment.The improvement of velopharyngeal function,nasal resonance status,and dysarthric articulation were evaluated.Results After the six-month intervention,the dysarthric speech intelligibility were significantly improved in three groups with improvement of 35.45％in group A,43.66％in group B,and 49.33％in group C,respectively(P＜0.05).The improvement rate of nasality reached 100％in the B and C group with nasality elimination rate of 70％in group B and 95.24％nasality elimination in group C,and the efficacy of the two groups was statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).During phonation of the/i/tone,velopharyngeal insufficiency was observed in seven patients in group B and in only one patient in group C,and the efficacy was statistically significant in both groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Postoperative targeted speech training is necessary in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency,and speech training combined with Montessori education can significantly improve the function of velopharyngeal clo-sure,thus achieving a good state of nasal resonance and correct articulation as early as possible.

Objective:To observe the effect of rich environmental rehabilitation training on the physical system and ner-vous system development of newboms with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). Method:Sixty-one HIE newboms were divided into the observation group(n=31)and the control group(n=30).The control group was given the routine clinical treatment and care,and the observation group was supplemented with enriched environmental rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group for 3 weeks.The body length and weight,and the head circumference of the two groups were measured to assess the physical development at admis-sion and 3 weeks after the intervention,and the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA)and test of in-fant motor performance(TIMP)were used to evaluate the neurological development and motor function. Result:After the intervention,the changes of body length and weight changes in the observed group were bet-ter than the control group(P＜0.05),no significant difference in head circumference(P＞0.05),and the NB-NA score and TIMP score were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:The application of rich environmental rehabilitation training can promote the rapid development of physique and nervous system of the newboms with HIE and improve the motor function.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of aerobic exercise on core symptoms and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MethodsFrom June, 2020 to December, 2021, 64 children with ADHD at outpatient in Dushu Lake Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 32) and observation group (n = 32). The control group sat down and watched the cartoon for 20 minutes, and the observation group performed cycling exercise while watching the cartoon, for twelve weeks. The core symptoms were assessed with Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), while the inhibition, conversion and refresh functions were assessed with the psychological test software E-Prime 2.0 system. ResultsAfter twelve weeks of treatment, the PSQ factor scores decreased in the observation group (t > 4.775, P < 0.001), and were lower than that of the the control group (t > 3.184, P < 0.001). The response time and accuracy of inhibition, conversion, and refresh functions decreased in the observation group (t > 2.259, P < 0.05), and were lower than that of the control group (t > 2.007, P < 0.05). ConclusionAerobic exercise could reduce the core symptoms of poor attention and hyperactivity impulsivity, and improve the executive functioning in children with ADHD.

Objective:To explore the effect of combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in rehabilitating the upper limb functioning of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Methods:Sixty children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were recruited and randomly divided into a control group ( n=30) and an experimental group ( n=30). Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation therapy and intensive one-to-one CIMT of the affected hand for 30 minutes 5 times a week for 4 successive weeks. The healthy hand was immobilized in a hand cushion for 3 hours. The experimental group was additionally provided with 20 minutes of rTMS at 1.0Hz, 5 times a week for the same 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment, both groups were evaluated using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2 FM) and an upper extremities function test (UEFT). Results:After 4 weeks of treatment there was significant improvement in both groups with regard to the average PDMS-2 FM and UEFT scores. The improvement in the experimental group was significantly better.Conclusions:rTMS combined with CIMT can effectively improve upper limb motor function and promote the fine motor development of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is an invasive neoplasm of precursor T-cell or B-cell lineage.A broadly accepted standard treatment for adult LBL has not yet been defined. Materials and Methods: To address this issue, we compared two chemotherapy regimens: a modified non-Hodgkinlymphoma Berlin–Frankfurt–Mu!nster-95 (NHL-BFM-95) regimen and HyperCVAD/MA. Thisretrospective study consecutively enrolled 207 adult LBL patients at two hospitals from2000 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to assess prognostic factors. Results: In the present study, most clinical characteristics were similar between the two treatmentgroups except for age and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Patients treated with modifiedNHL-BFM-95 regimen tended to be younger and with elevated LDH level. The modified NHLBFM-95 regimen produced better treatment outcomes than those with HyperCVAD/MA inpatients with T-LBL or patients < 40 years. Treatment with HyperCVAD/MA, high EasternCooperative Oncology Group scores, and bone marrow involvement were independent riskfactors in T-LBL. No patients interrupted treatment for severe adverse events. Conclusion The results suggested that the modified regimen is well-tolerated and can produce the promisingoutcomes in patients with T-LBL or patients < 40 years.

With the further research on the pathogenic factors of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), though the mechanism of its pathogenesis is not fully understood, many treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have achieved good results in the treatment.Therefore, TCM has certain advantages in the treatment of AS, and shows a good application prospect.Retrieval CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP Chinese database, retrieval of domestic clinical research literature on AS in recent years, with the latest advances in the understanding of TCM in the treatment of AS.