Atherosclerosis(As)is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and serves as the pathological basis for various cardiovascular diseases.Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate(EGCG)is the most abundant and biologically active com-pound in green tea,possessing multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antioxidative stress properties.In recent years,studies have found that EGCG can regulate lipid metabolism,improve vascular endo-thelial function,and enhance plaque stability,demonstrating its potential value in combating As.This article provides a systematic review of the mechanisms underlying EGCG's anti-As effects,aiming to offer multi-faceted theoretical support for its further research and clinical application in the prevention and treatment of As.

Atherosclerosis(As)is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and serves as the pathological basis for various cardiovascular diseases.Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate(EGCG)is the most abundant and biologically active com-pound in green tea,possessing multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antioxidative stress properties.In recent years,studies have found that EGCG can regulate lipid metabolism,improve vascular endo-thelial function,and enhance plaque stability,demonstrating its potential value in combating As.This article provides a systematic review of the mechanisms underlying EGCG's anti-As effects,aiming to offer multi-faceted theoretical support for its further research and clinical application in the prevention and treatment of As.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) on the radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-149-5p/ glutamic pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2) axis.Methods:Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect NEAT1, miR-149-5p and glutamic pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2) mRNA levels in human breast cells MCF-10A, and human breast cancer cells MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, respectively. MCF-7 cells were divided into 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy irradiation groups. MCF-7 cells were divided into NEAT1 knockdown (si-NEAT1) group and control (si-NC) group, NEAT1 knockdown +miR-149-5p knockdown (si-NEAT1+anti-miR-149-5p) group and control (si-NEAT1+anti-miR-NC) group, NEAT1 knockdown + GPT2 overexpression (si-NEAT1+GPT2) group and control (si-NEAT1+NC) group. On the basis of the above grouping, irradiate each group of cells with 4 Gy radiation for 2 h, denoted as IR+si-NEAT1, IR+si-NC, IR+si-NEAT1+anti-miR-149-5p, IR+si-NEAT1+anti-miR-NC, IR+si-NEAT1+GPT2, IR+si-NEAT1+NC groups. Subsequently, MCF-7 cells were irradiated at a dose of 4 Gy and divided into the IR+si-NEAT1, IR+si-NC, IR+si-NEAT1+anti-miR-149-5p, IR+si-NEAT1+anti-miR-NC, IR+si-NEAT1+GPT2 and IR+si-NEAT1+NC groups. RT-qPCR was used to detect NEAT1, miR-149-5p, GPT2 mRNA levels in cells. Colony formation assay was used to detect cell radiosensitivity. CCK-8 assay was adopted to detect cell proliferation ability. The binding sites of NEAT1 and miR-149-5p were predicted by StarBase database. The binding sites of miR-149-5p and GPT2 were predicted by Targetscan database, and validated by dual luciferase assay. Single factor ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons. LSD- t test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:Compared with MCF-10A cells, NEAT1 and GPT2 mRNA levels in cell lines were up-regulated, whereas miR-149-5p level was down-regulated (all P<0.05). Compared with the 0 Gy dose group, NEAT1 and GPT2 mRNA levels were down-regulated, while miR-149-5p levels were up-regulated in the 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy dose groups (all P<0.05). Knockdown of NEAT1 expression or radiation alone could enhance cell radiosensitivity, and reduce cell proliferation ability (all P<0.05). Simultaneous radiation treatment with knockdown of NEAT1 expression could strengthen the above effects upon cells (all P<0.05). Knockdown of miR-149-5p expression or overexpression of GPT2 could partially reverse the aforementioned effects of knockdown of NEAT1 expression (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Knockdown of NEAT1 expression enhances breast cancer cell radiosensitivity, and reduces cell proliferation ability by regulating the miR-149-5p/GPT2 signal axis.

Objective:To mine and evaluate the adverse reaction risk signals of omeprazole, and provide reference for the safe application of the drug.Methods:Data cleansing on all adverse reactions of omeprazole collected in the Shandong Provincial Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring database from January 2018 to December 2021 was performed, and information on patients′ gender, age, drug administration routes, and the systems/organs involved, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of adverse reactions was collected. The risk signals of adverse reactions associated with omeprazole were mined and evaluated using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) comprehensive standard methods. The risk signal judgment criteria for ROR and PRR methods were the number of reports ≥3, and the lower limit of 95% confidence interval ( CI) of ROR or PRR>1, and that of MHRA method was the number of reports≥ 3, PRR≥2, and χ2≥4. Results:A total of 2 706 adverse reaction reports with omeprazole as suspect drug were entered, including 234 severe adverse reactions (8.7%). Of them, 1 270 were male (46.9%) and 1 432 female (52.9%); the median age was 58 years, including 86 patients under 18 years old, 1 417 cases between 18-60 years old, and 1 203 cases over 60 years old. A total of 17 systems or organs were involved in adverse reaction related to omeprazole, and the top 5 were gastrointestinal system [1 412 cases (37.6%)], skin and its accessories [883 cases (23.5%)], nervous system [716 cases(19.1%)], respiratory system [269 cases (7.2 %)], and systemic system [207 cases (5.5%)]. The median occurrence time of adverse reactions from medication was 30 minutes, and 1 710 cases (63.2%) occurred within 1 day after medication. After treatments, 1 595 patients (58.9%) recovered, 1 098 patients (40.6%) were improved, and no deaths were reported. Twenty-seven risk signals were mined by ROR and PRR methods, respectively, and 21 by MHRA method. The top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the ROR method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, tongue numbness, and joint pain; the top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the PRR method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, tongue numbness, and dizziness; the top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the MHRA method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, bloating, and dry mouth. Among them, the signals not mentioned in the labels were chest tightness, chills, cyanosis, mouth numbness, overall trembling, and tongue numbness.Conclusions:The adverse reactions of omeprazole involve multiple systems/organs, and common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, etc. Risk signals such as chest tightness, chills, cyanosis, numbness of the mouth, trembling of the whole body, and numbness of the tongue are not recorded in the labels, which should be vigilant and intervened in time in clinics.

Objective:To mine and evaluate the adverse reaction risk signals of omeprazole, and provide reference for the safe application of the drug.Methods:Data cleansing on all adverse reactions of omeprazole collected in the Shandong Provincial Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring database from January 2018 to December 2021 was performed, and information on patients′ gender, age, drug administration routes, and the systems/organs involved, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of adverse reactions was collected. The risk signals of adverse reactions associated with omeprazole were mined and evaluated using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) comprehensive standard methods. The risk signal judgment criteria for ROR and PRR methods were the number of reports ≥3, and the lower limit of 95% confidence interval ( CI) of ROR or PRR>1, and that of MHRA method was the number of reports≥ 3, PRR≥2, and χ2≥4. Results:A total of 2 706 adverse reaction reports with omeprazole as suspect drug were entered, including 234 severe adverse reactions (8.7%). Of them, 1 270 were male (46.9%) and 1 432 female (52.9%); the median age was 58 years, including 86 patients under 18 years old, 1 417 cases between 18-60 years old, and 1 203 cases over 60 years old. A total of 17 systems or organs were involved in adverse reaction related to omeprazole, and the top 5 were gastrointestinal system [1 412 cases (37.6%)], skin and its accessories [883 cases (23.5%)], nervous system [716 cases(19.1%)], respiratory system [269 cases (7.2 %)], and systemic system [207 cases (5.5%)]. The median occurrence time of adverse reactions from medication was 30 minutes, and 1 710 cases (63.2%) occurred within 1 day after medication. After treatments, 1 595 patients (58.9%) recovered, 1 098 patients (40.6%) were improved, and no deaths were reported. Twenty-seven risk signals were mined by ROR and PRR methods, respectively, and 21 by MHRA method. The top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the ROR method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, tongue numbness, and joint pain; the top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the PRR method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, tongue numbness, and dizziness; the top 5 adverse reactions in signal intensity mined using the MHRA method were gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, bloating, and dry mouth. Among them, the signals not mentioned in the labels were chest tightness, chills, cyanosis, mouth numbness, overall trembling, and tongue numbness.Conclusions:The adverse reactions of omeprazole involve multiple systems/organs, and common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal bloating, headache, constipation, etc. Risk signals such as chest tightness, chills, cyanosis, numbness of the mouth, trembling of the whole body, and numbness of the tongue are not recorded in the labels, which should be vigilant and intervened in time in clinics.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of anthropometric indicators in predicting cardiovascular risk in the population with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the correlation between anthropometric measures and cardiovascular risk in subjects with MS. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed with cardiometabolic risk index(CMRI). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive power of anthropometric measures for cardiometabolic risk.Results:(1) The anthropometric measures [body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), waist-to-height ratio(WtHR), body fat percentage(BFP), visceral fat index(VFI), conicity index(CI), a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), abdominal volume index(AVI)] in the MS group were significantly higher than those in the non-MS group( P<0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in CMRI score and vascular risk between the two groups( P<0.05). (2) Logistic regression analysis showed that the cardiovascular risk was increased with the increases of BMI, VFI, WHR, WtHR, CI, BRI, and AVI after adjusting for confounding factors in the overall population, the non-MS population, and the MS population( P<0.05). (3) In the ROC analysis, the AUC values of BMI, VFI, and AVI were 0.767, 0.734, and 0.770 in the overall population; 0.844, 0.816, and 0.795 in the non-MS population; 0.701, 0.666, and 0.702 in the MS population, respectively. For the overall population and non-MS population, the optimal cut points of BMI to diagnose high cardiovascular risk were 26.04 kg/m 2 and 24.36 kg/m 2; the optimal cut points of VFI were 10.25 and 9.75; the optimal cut points of AVI were 17.3 cm 2 and 15.53 cm 2, respectively. In the MS population, the optimal cut point as a predictor of high cardiovascular risk in young and middle-aged men with MS was 27.63 kg/m 2, and the optimal cut point of AVI in women was 18.08 cm 2. Conclusion:BMI, VFI, and AVI can be used as predictors of cardiovascular risk in the general population. BMI can be used as a predicator of high cardiovascular risk in young and middle-age men with MS. AVI can be used as a predicator of high cardiovascular risk in women with MS.

BACKGROUND:Elderly hypertensive patients often associated with organ and tissue ischemia. Al kinds of risks are easy to appear in the process of undergoing arthroplasty. To ensure the smooth operation and to improve the safety of the surgery treatment, it is needed to choose an appropriate mode of anesthesia.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the application security of epidural combined with smal dose of intravenous anesthesia in total knee arthroplasty in elderly hypertensive patients.
METHODS:A total of 64 elderly hypertensive patients with arthroplasty in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2013 to December 2014 were selected and were divided into control group (32 cases) and observation group (32 cases). They were given total intravenous anesthesia and epidural block combined with smal dose of intravenous anesthesia. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and changes in respiratory rate were detected before anesthesia, after anesthesia induction, 10 minutes after anesthesia, 10 minutes after use of bone cement, and at the end of arthroplasty in both groups. The usage of vasoactive drugs (including ephedrine and dopamine) during arthroplasty and adverse events after arthroplasty were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with pre-anesthesia, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced and blood oxygen saturation was increased at 10 minutes after anesthesia and 10 minutes after the application of bone cement in both groups (P<0.05). In the end of arthroplasty, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly higher in the control group than in the observation group (P<0.05). A total of 3 cases in the observation group and 15 cases in the control group used vasoactive drugs (including ephedrine and dopamine), and there was a significant difference in its usage (P<0.05). Moreover, five patients in the control group experienced respiratory insufficiency, which was apparently improved after given the short-term ventilator support. These results confirm that compared with the total intravenous anesthesia, epidural block combined with smal dose of intravenous anesthesia showed a high safety during total knee arthroplasty in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of gastrodin on neural function and the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament high molecular weight (NFH) in the striatum during cerebral ischemiareperfusion in mice.Methods 36 Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham group,MCAO group and gastrodin (GAS) group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was established by artery embolization.The mice in sham group were received fake surgery and saline,and the mice in MCAO and GAS group were exposed to MCAO,and received saline and GAS (100 mg/(kg · d)) injection,respectively,immediately after the operation for 7 days.On the 8th day of operation,the neurological severity scores of the mice were observed and the volume ratio of the cerebral infarction was estimated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the MBP and NF-H in the striatum.Results (1) The mice in MCAO group showed significant neurologic deficient in comparison with sham group,and the neurological severity scores of gastrodin group(3.13±0.64) were significantly higher than that(1.38±0.52) of MCAO group (P＜0.05).(2) Results of TTC staining showed that the infarction volume was obviously larger in the injured cerebral tissue in MCAO group in comparison with sham group,and the volume ratio of the cerebral infarction significantly decreased after the intervention with GAS (P＜0.05).(3) The integral optical density of MBP(272968.14±1215.23) and NF-H(12 142.73±47.16) in MCAO group decreased as compared to that((43 855.23±2434.16),(275 321.00±926.15)) in sham group and GAS group((321 531.2±2376.14),(106 135.73±598.15)) (P＜0.05).Conclusion GAS can improve neural function of mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion,and it may play an important role in protecting myelin and nerve fibers of striatum.

Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the depressive like behaviors and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),IL-1β and NF-κB of hippocampal in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats.Methods Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =8):Control group,Control + rTMS group,CUMS group and CUMS + rTMS group.The sucrose preference test,forced swim test and open field test were used to evaluate depressive like behaviors for each groups.In addition,the expression of BDNF,NF-κB and IL-1 β in hippocampal were detected by western blot and ELISA after behavioral test,respectively.Results 1.The effects of rTMS on depressive like behaviors of CUMS rats:in the sucrose preference test,the sucrose preference rate of CUMS rats (0.67 ± 0.06) was significantly lower than Control group (0.91 ± 0.04),which was higher in the CUMS + rTMS group (0.83 ±0.08).In the forced swim test,the immobility time of CUMS group ((26.88 ± 11.33) s) was longer than Control group ((15.22 ± 6.75) s) and CUMS + rTMS group ((18.41 ± 6.95) s).In the open field test,both the total distance travelled and number of central area entry times of CUMS group((849.165 ± 769.01) cm,(7.42 ± 5.68))were significantly shorter ((6224.81 ± 1403.2) cm) and smaller (22.86 ± 3.72) than Control group,and those of the CUMS + rTMS were longer ((4105.57 ± 1516.92)cm) and larger (21.25 ± 3.45).All the behavioral results were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).And of all the aforementioned behavioral parameters,there were no significant differences between Control group and Control + rTMS group(P＞0.05).2.The effects of rTMS on the hippocampal expressions of BDNF,NF-κB and IL-1β in CUMS rats:compared with Control group,the hippocampal expression of BDNF in CUMS rats was significantly decreased,while the expressions of NF-κB and IL-1β in the hippocampus were significantly increased (P＜ 0.05).Compared with CUMS group,the hippocampa expression of BD-NF in the CUMS + rTMS group was increased,and the expressions of NF-κB and IL-1β in the hippocampus was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of BDNF,NF-κB and IL-1β had no differences between Control group and Control + rTMS group.Conclusion rTMS increased the expression of BDNF,reduced the production of NF-κB and IL-1β,and alleviated depressive like behaviors in CUMS rats.