[Objective]To investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen after COVID-19 infection in vaccinated individuals and to evaluate the impact of different recovery stages on sperm quality.[Methods]From January to March 2023,vaccinated male patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 infections confirmed by throat swabs were recruited from the Reproductive Medicine Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Semen samples were analyzed with RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA.A retrospective analysis assessed sperm quality across recovery stages,comparing patients within 30 days of recovery to those with 30 days or more.Semen parameters evaluated included volume,total sperm count,forward motility percentage,abnormal morphology rate,and sperm DNA fragmentation index.In addition,a longitudinal self-comparison was performed to examine changes in semen quality before and after recovery(＜30 days and≥30 days).[Results]SARS-CoV-2 RNA was undetectable in the semen of all 205 patients.Neither cross-sectional comparisons nor longitudinal analyses showed significant differences in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm count,sperm morphology rate,sperm DNA fragmentation index,or high DNA stainability between recovery stages or compared to pre-infection values(P＞0.05).However,forward motility percentage markedly decreased during recovery,with statistical significant between groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]In vaccinated individuals who contracted COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2 was not transmitted through semen.Although the incidence of asthenozoospermia may increase within 30 days post-infection,this effect appears reversible in the short time.

[Objective]To investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen after COVID-19 infection in vaccinated individuals and to evaluate the impact of different recovery stages on sperm quality.[Methods]From January to March 2023,vaccinated male patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 infections confirmed by throat swabs were recruited from the Reproductive Medicine Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Semen samples were analyzed with RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA.A retrospective analysis assessed sperm quality across recovery stages,comparing patients within 30 days of recovery to those with 30 days or more.Semen parameters evaluated included volume,total sperm count,forward motility percentage,abnormal morphology rate,and sperm DNA fragmentation index.In addition,a longitudinal self-comparison was performed to examine changes in semen quality before and after recovery(＜30 days and≥30 days).[Results]SARS-CoV-2 RNA was undetectable in the semen of all 205 patients.Neither cross-sectional comparisons nor longitudinal analyses showed significant differences in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm count,sperm morphology rate,sperm DNA fragmentation index,or high DNA stainability between recovery stages or compared to pre-infection values(P＞0.05).However,forward motility percentage markedly decreased during recovery,with statistical significant between groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]In vaccinated individuals who contracted COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2 was not transmitted through semen.Although the incidence of asthenozoospermia may increase within 30 days post-infection,this effect appears reversible in the short time.

Objective To explore the characteristics of baseline inflammatory markers in diabetic foot patients and their relationship with the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods The clinical data of diabetic foot patients(n=495)admitted to West China Hospital,Sichuan University since 2016 were retrospectively collected through the hospital electronic medical record system to analyze the characteristics of inflammatory markers and their relationship with the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers.Results White blood cell count(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels were significantly higher in patients defined as grade 4 on the Wagner Scale than those in patients defined as grade 0-3 on the Wagner Scale.Neutrophil percentage(NE％)was higher in Wagner grade-4 patients than those in Wagner grade-0 and grade-1 patients and higher in Wagner grade-3 patients than those in Wagner grade-0 patients.NE％,CRP,PCT,and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with the severity of diabetic foot,with the respective odds ratio(OR)at 95％confidence interval(CI)being 1.038(1.019-1.056),1.019(1.012-1.026),8.225(2.015-33.576),and 1.017(1.008-1.025).Using Wagner grade-0 patients as the reference,patients with higher WBC were more likely to progress to Wagner grade 2,3,and 4,with the respective OR(95％CI)values being 1.260(1.096-1.447),1.188(1.041-1.356),and 1.301(1.137-1.490);patients with higher ESR were more likely to progress to Wagner grade 3 and 4,with the respective OR(95％CI)values being 1.030(1.006-1.054)and 1.045(1.019-1.071).Baseline ESR(P=0.008),CRP(P=0.039),and IL-6(P=0.033)levels were lower in patients who had received antibiotics prior to their admission than those in patients who had not received antibiotics before admission.The levels of WBC,NE％,ESR,PCT,and IL-6 were lower in the full recovery group than those in the group of patients who did not respond to treatment.The higher the levels of NE％and IL-6,the worse the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers became,with the respective OR(95％CI)values being 1.030(1.010-1.051)and 1.008(1.002-1.013).Conclusion The severity of diabetic foot ulcers increased with the rise in baseline levels of inflammatory markers.Elevated baseline NE％and IL-6 levels suggest a poor prognosis.Our findings suggest that early assessment of diabetic foot infection and standardized antibiotic therapy should be implemented to improve the prognosis.

Objective To explore the safety and clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba lactone injection combined with Alteplase intravenous thrombolysis in treatment of acute ischemic stroke.Methods Totally 87 patients were recruited and divided into control group and test group.The,patients in control group (39 cases) were given Alteplase 0.9 mg/kg for injection,intravenous bolus total dose 10％ was given within 1 min,then intravenous infusion of the remaining 90％ was given in 1 h,and given basic therapy after 24 h.The 48 cases in test group,which were immediately iv Ginkgo biloba lactone injection after intravenous thrombolysis,6 mL added into 250 mL saline,once daily for 14 d,and also were given basic therapy after 24 h.All NIHSS scores were recorded before treatment,14 d and 90 d after treatment,and the adverse events were recorded.The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and BI index were performed at 14 and 90 d after admission.Patients in two groups were classified according to the TOAST classification,and the patients with large-arteryatherosclerosis and small-artery occlusion were analyzed.Results No intracranial hemorrhage occurred in the two groups.The NIHSS score and mRS score of test group were significantly lower than that of control group,and BI index was significantly increased 90 d after treatment.The NIHSS score and mRS score of test group were significantly lower than that of control group,and BI index was significantly increased90 d after treatment of patients with large-artery atherosclerosis.But there was no significant difference between test group and control group of patients with small-artery occlusion.Conclusion Ginkgo biloba lactone injection combined with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke has high safety,and can improve the prognosis of patients.

The authors briefly introduced the management of clinical test for new drug development, clinical trials for drugs prepared in hospital and post-market drugs, and other types of clinical trials. The mechanism of WHO International Clinical Trial Register Platform (WHO ICTRP), Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registration and Publishing Collaboration (ChiCTRPC) were also introduced. The authors suggested the trialists to practice the basic philosophy of evidence-based medicine as the rules of their thought and action, and considered that this is the inner guarantee system for the validity of clinical trials.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders.

METHODCochrane systematic review.

RESULTSFour randomised controlled trials were included. Subgroup analysis performed lay on different ages, interventions and controls. Prevalence of goitre was reduced close to 5% when using distributed iodised salt and market iodised salt plus iodine oil capsule which showed more effective than using market iodised salt alone (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.17). The latter's prevalence of goitre was 14.7%. When using market iodised salt, the iodine urea excretion level showed different results in children group in different countries. Basically, the market iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency of pregnancy women were effective, but a part of them did not achieve to the ideal status of iodine nutrition.

CONCLUSIONSThe needs to be strictly controlled quality of iodised salt and market iodised salt plus iodised oil capsule thus can effectively reduce the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders. However there was not enough evidence to support that market iodised salt can effectively eliminate these disorders, particularly in children. More eligibility trials are needed for providing more evidences.

Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; deficiency ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage