Objective The quantitative analysis model of mifepristone binary mixed crystal system was established by infrared spectroscopy to improve the quality control level of Mifepristone raw material.Methods Two mifepristone polymorphs samples were prepared and characterized,and the quantitative analysis model of infrared spectral data was constructed by classical linear regression method and chemometrics method respectively.On this basis,the influence of different factors on the model quality was investigated comprehensively.Results Infrared spectroscopy combined with classical linear regression method and stoichiometric method can build a quantitative analysis model for binary mifepristone polymorphs system,and the model has good linear regression coefficient(R2)and root mean square error of cross validation(RMSECV)values.Conclusions The two polymorphs of mifepristone have independent infrared spectral characteristic peaks that can be used for quantitative study,so the classical linear regression method has more significant methodical advantages for this system.The chemometrics method is more suitable for the quantitative study of complex mixed polymorphs system.

Drynaria fortunei,commonly known as"bone setting herb",has been widely included in various traditional Chinese herb-al classics for treating bone injuries.It is used medicinally from its rhizome,which has a bitter taste and warm property.It is known to nourish the kidneys,strengthen bones,and alleviate pain from injuries.The chemical constituents mainly include flavonoids,phenylpro-panoids,triterpenoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and sterols.Modern medical research indicates that Drynaria fortunei has anti-osteoporo-sis effects,promotes fracture healing,has anti-inflammatory properties,and benefits dental health.This article reviews the historical use of Drynaria fortunei and recent research on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects,summarizing some of the mechanisms of action.The aim is to provide a reference for further research on this medicinal herb.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine in compound reserpine and triamterene in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.Compound reserpine and triamterene was given at dose of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 by single oral gavage,respectively.HPLC-MS was used to measure the blood concentrations of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide,and reserpine at various time points.DAS software was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters.Results After a single oral gavage of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 of compound reserpine tablets triamterene,the tmax of dihydralazine sulfate in rat plasma were 1.50,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of dihydralazine sulfate were 12.30,38.31 and 120.52 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of triamterene were 1.33,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of triamterene were 20.93,67.36,and 168.64 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 2.00,2.00,and 1.75 h,and the Cmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 19.89,57.58,and 160.78 μg·L-1,respectively.Risperdal was found at very low levels in rat plasma,and only trace amounts were detected at 1.00 and 1.50 h of 32.4 mg·kg-1 administration.Conclusions Dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,and hydrochlorothiazide can be eliminated quickly after compound reserpine and triamterene was given orally to rats,and their oral absorption is basically linear.The greater the dosage,the better the absorption of effective components.

“Inflammation-cancer” transformation of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） refers to the process in which the gastric mucosa， in the context of CAG， progresses through stages of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC）， such as intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia， and eventually develops into gastric cancer （GC）. In China， the incidence and mortality rates of GC rank among the highest in the world， and the proportion of GC cases caused by gastric mucosal infection and inflammation has been increasing. Modern medical treatments for CAG and PLGC mainly rely on drug therapy， endoscopic resection， and regular surveillance. Although these disease management strategies are relatively mature， they present limitations in early lesion prevention and recurrence risk control. Therefore， it is imperative to identify therapeutic approaches for CAG and PLGC that offer preventive， reversible， and recurrence-reducing benefits. With advances in research on the mechanisms underlying inflammation-cancer transformation and the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， the advantages of TCM in preventing and even reversing early-stage CAG and PLGC have gradually become apparent. This review explored the mechanisms of inflammation-cancer transformation in CAG from five aspects： inflammatory microenvironment， autophagy， glycolysis， bile acids， and ferroptosis. In conjunction with TCM theory and a deeper understanding of the distinct mechanisms involved in the inflammation-cancer transformation of CAG， this review further discussed the specific mechanisms through which TCM intervened in treating CAG and PLGC， with the aim of providing theoretical support and therapeutic insights for future clinical applications.

“Inflammation-cancer” transformation of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） refers to the process in which the gastric mucosa， in the context of CAG， progresses through stages of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC）， such as intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia， and eventually develops into gastric cancer （GC）. In China， the incidence and mortality rates of GC rank among the highest in the world， and the proportion of GC cases caused by gastric mucosal infection and inflammation has been increasing. Modern medical treatments for CAG and PLGC mainly rely on drug therapy， endoscopic resection， and regular surveillance. Although these disease management strategies are relatively mature， they present limitations in early lesion prevention and recurrence risk control. Therefore， it is imperative to identify therapeutic approaches for CAG and PLGC that offer preventive， reversible， and recurrence-reducing benefits. With advances in research on the mechanisms underlying inflammation-cancer transformation and the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， the advantages of TCM in preventing and even reversing early-stage CAG and PLGC have gradually become apparent. This review explored the mechanisms of inflammation-cancer transformation in CAG from five aspects： inflammatory microenvironment， autophagy， glycolysis， bile acids， and ferroptosis. In conjunction with TCM theory and a deeper understanding of the distinct mechanisms involved in the inflammation-cancer transformation of CAG， this review further discussed the specific mechanisms through which TCM intervened in treating CAG and PLGC， with the aim of providing theoretical support and therapeutic insights for future clinical applications.

Objective The quantitative analysis model of mifepristone binary mixed crystal system was established by infrared spectroscopy to improve the quality control level of Mifepristone raw material.Methods Two mifepristone polymorphs samples were prepared and characterized,and the quantitative analysis model of infrared spectral data was constructed by classical linear regression method and chemometrics method respectively.On this basis,the influence of different factors on the model quality was investigated comprehensively.Results Infrared spectroscopy combined with classical linear regression method and stoichiometric method can build a quantitative analysis model for binary mifepristone polymorphs system,and the model has good linear regression coefficient(R2)and root mean square error of cross validation(RMSECV)values.Conclusions The two polymorphs of mifepristone have independent infrared spectral characteristic peaks that can be used for quantitative study,so the classical linear regression method has more significant methodical advantages for this system.The chemometrics method is more suitable for the quantitative study of complex mixed polymorphs system.

Drynaria fortunei,commonly known as"bone setting herb",has been widely included in various traditional Chinese herb-al classics for treating bone injuries.It is used medicinally from its rhizome,which has a bitter taste and warm property.It is known to nourish the kidneys,strengthen bones,and alleviate pain from injuries.The chemical constituents mainly include flavonoids,phenylpro-panoids,triterpenoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and sterols.Modern medical research indicates that Drynaria fortunei has anti-osteoporo-sis effects,promotes fracture healing,has anti-inflammatory properties,and benefits dental health.This article reviews the historical use of Drynaria fortunei and recent research on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects,summarizing some of the mechanisms of action.The aim is to provide a reference for further research on this medicinal herb.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine in compound reserpine and triamterene in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.Compound reserpine and triamterene was given at dose of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 by single oral gavage,respectively.HPLC-MS was used to measure the blood concentrations of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide,and reserpine at various time points.DAS software was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters.Results After a single oral gavage of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 of compound reserpine tablets triamterene,the tmax of dihydralazine sulfate in rat plasma were 1.50,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of dihydralazine sulfate were 12.30,38.31 and 120.52 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of triamterene were 1.33,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of triamterene were 20.93,67.36,and 168.64 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 2.00,2.00,and 1.75 h,and the Cmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 19.89,57.58,and 160.78 μg·L-1,respectively.Risperdal was found at very low levels in rat plasma,and only trace amounts were detected at 1.00 and 1.50 h of 32.4 mg·kg-1 administration.Conclusions Dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,and hydrochlorothiazide can be eliminated quickly after compound reserpine and triamterene was given orally to rats,and their oral absorption is basically linear.The greater the dosage,the better the absorption of effective components.

In recent years,due to the development of disciplines such as molecular biology,cell biology,and materials science,the research of targeted therapy drugs has become a hot spot.Compared with conventional drugs,targeted therapy drugs can selectively increase the concentration and effectively reduce the toxic side effects of drugs in target tissues,which is an ideal way of drug delivery.Nanomaterial is receiving more attention for its superior performance in animals.The application and develop-ment of nanocrystals in targeted drug delivery systems has effectively broken the limitation of insoluble drugs and plays an indis-pensable role in drug delivery systems.In this paper,we briefly reviewed the characteristics and classification of targeted therapy drugs and the application of nanocrystals in pharmaceutical research to provide a reference for the related research.