Objective To assess the clinical feasibility of a self-developed augmented reality(AR)system in surgeries for cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM),dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF),moyamoya,and internal carotid artery stenosis.This system integrates preoperative vascular imaging(CTA,MRA,DSA)with intraoperative real-time visualization through high-precision patient-image registration and virtual-real integration technology.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 patients(1 cerebral AVM,1 DAVF,3 moyamoya and 1 internal carotid artery stenosis)collected between March 2023 and April 2024.AR with three-dimensional reconstruction was used for preoperative precise localization and intraoperative navigation guidance.Clinical feasibility was evaluated and analyzed using an intraoperative self-controlled method.Results All 6 patients with diverse etiologies successfully underwent preoperative precise localization and intraoperative navigation guidance under AR three-dimensional reconstruction modeling.This technology achieved visualization of intracranial arteriovenous structures and precise lesion locations,providing surgeons with a visual reference for accurate planning of the surgical approach and operative field.Conclusion The application of AR with three-dimensional reconstruction is safe and feasible in neurosurgical procedures for cerebrovascular diseases.It demonstrates satisfactory effectiveness in preoperative localization and intraoperative navigation guidance.

Objective To assess the clinical feasibility of a self-developed augmented reality(AR)system in surgeries for cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM),dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF),moyamoya,and internal carotid artery stenosis.This system integrates preoperative vascular imaging(CTA,MRA,DSA)with intraoperative real-time visualization through high-precision patient-image registration and virtual-real integration technology.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 patients(1 cerebral AVM,1 DAVF,3 moyamoya and 1 internal carotid artery stenosis)collected between March 2023 and April 2024.AR with three-dimensional reconstruction was used for preoperative precise localization and intraoperative navigation guidance.Clinical feasibility was evaluated and analyzed using an intraoperative self-controlled method.Results All 6 patients with diverse etiologies successfully underwent preoperative precise localization and intraoperative navigation guidance under AR three-dimensional reconstruction modeling.This technology achieved visualization of intracranial arteriovenous structures and precise lesion locations,providing surgeons with a visual reference for accurate planning of the surgical approach and operative field.Conclusion The application of AR with three-dimensional reconstruction is safe and feasible in neurosurgical procedures for cerebrovascular diseases.It demonstrates satisfactory effectiveness in preoperative localization and intraoperative navigation guidance.

Objective To explore the knowledge of occupational hazards and protection in vocational nursing students in Xi'an City, and to provide evidences for targeted education and guidance. Methods From January to June 2016, a total of 287 nursing students from 3 vocational colleges in Xi'an City were selected by stratified sampling method and investigated with "occupational hazards and protection knowledge questionnaire". Results The pass rate of occupational hazards and protection knowledge in nursing students was 53.0%. It was indicated that education level, parents' occupation, internship experience and nursing occupational hazards related education experience were the factors influencing occupational hazards and protection knowledge (P<0.01). Conclusions The current nursing occupational hazards and protection education system were not perfect in our country and it should be improved in nursing students. Meanwhile, schools can carry out various forms of education and training.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of aortic dissection (AD) and emergency treatments. Methods Data from 784 patients with aortic dissection were collected in the Department of Emergency from January 2000 through December 2009. A retrospective analysis was carried out to determine the survival rate, mortality rate and treatment efficiency. Results Pain was the most common onset symptom (77.7% , 609/784). The majority of patients (86.5%) had essential hypertension (678/784). All the patients with preoperative diagnosis of aortic dissection underwent emergency medical intervention by internists resulting in 81.5% survival rate (639/784) and 18.5% mortality rate (145/784). There were 157 patients without improvement (20.0% ) and the total efficiency rate was (83. 1% ). The efficiency rate of conventional treatment was 76.4% , while the efficiency rate of triple four-procedure treatment was 89. 8% (P<0.05). Of them, 139 patients (17. 7% ) died in the hospital. Among them,. 26 patients died within 24 hours (18.4% ) and 47 cases died within 48 hours (33. 8% ) and 66 patients died within 72 hours (47.2% ). There were 92 patients who refused treatments after diagnosis, and among them, 81 patients died within 72 hours (88.04% ). The difference in mortality rate between two groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of aortic dissection depends on detailed history, physical examination and CT or MRI imaging. Analgesia, sedation and control of blood pressure are essential for emergency treatments. Early diagnosis and effective emergency treatments are the critical strategy for the early surgical intervention and time window for further treatment to improve the survival rate of AD.

BACKGROUND: The main clinical manifestation of the nerve entrapment syndrome in the inguinal region is chronic and spontaneous pain of the scrotal region and proximal ventro-medial thigh region. Few reports have discussed the anatomic background of this kind of pain with special reference to skin innervation.OBJECTIVE: To study the features of clinical anatomy in entrapment of nerve for providing anatomic basis for preventing and treating entrapment of nerves in the inguinal region.DESIGN: Observational study based on cadavers.SETTING: Anatomical department in a university.MATERIALS: Fifty halves of twenty-five adult male cadavers that were routinely embalmed and fixed by the Anatomical Department of Dali University from January 1998 to December 2000.METHODS: Cutaneous nerves in the inguinal region in 50 halves of 25adult male cadavers were observed, measured and drawn.tionship of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve to the inguinal canal.RESULTS: In addition to cutaneous branches originating from the iliohypogastric nerve in 3 of 50 cases(6% ), cutaneous branches from the ilioinguinal nerve were found in the inguinal region in 45 of 50 halves(90% ),cutaneous nerves from the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve were in 21 of 50 halves(42% ), the unions of the ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve were in 6 of 50 sides(12% ), and branches from the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve were in 4 of 50 sides(8% ) . The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve united at three the canal(1 case). The cutaneous branches of the genital branch were found to perforating the transversus abdominis and the obliquus internus abdominis via the border between the ligament and the aponeurosis of obliquus externus abring after being united with the ilioinguinal nerve.CONCLUSION: The courses of cutaneous nerves in the inguinal region vary considerably, and the anatomic variations of these nerves may be a principal cause for nerve entrapment.

Great emphases should be placed on the cultivation of students' professional personality in vocational and technical colleges.This essay brings forward three cultivating stages including public and basic cultural quality training,basic medical vocational morality training,and professional medical personality training.Cultivating modes are also explored such as offering required courses of humanistic qualities in professional medical personality and a series of elective courses of professional medical personality qualities.This essay provides cultivating approaches including teaching program design,teaching process,teaching evaluation,teaching staff training,teaching means,practicing and skill training,and campus cultural construction to realize the transformation of medical students' cultivation from professional personality education to practical quality education.