Objective To predict the potential geographical distribution of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo,a unique Tibetan medicinal plant endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,using a multi-model ensemble strategy;To analyze the key environmental driving factors of its suitable habitat.Methods Based on 163 distribution records of L.rotata collected through field surveys and database resources,and incorporating multi-dimensional environmental factors,including bioclimatic and topographic variables,an efficient ensemble prediction model was developed using the Biomod2 platform.The potential distribution of L.rotata on the Tibetan Plateau was simulated and predicted.Habitat suitability maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.3,and the main environmental factors influencing the distribution of L.rotata were analyzed.Results The ensemble model demonstrated outstanding predictive performance,with TSS and AUC values of 0.916 and 0.992,respectively,significantly outperforming all individual models included in the ensemble.Further analysis revealed that elevation,annual precipitation and temperature seasonality were the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of L.rotata.The primary areas of high habitat suitability for L.rotata on the Tibetan Plateau are located at the borders of Qinghai,Tibet,Sichuan and Gansu provinces,covering an area of approximately 72.92×104 km2.Conclusion L.rotata exhibits unique adaptations to high-altitude and specific climatic conditions.The results of this study can provide valuable insights for the ecological conservation and rational utilization of its medicinal resources.The multi-model ensemble approach demonstrates significant advantages in improving the accuracy of species distribution predictions.

Objective To analyze the impact of climate change on the potential distribution patterns of the Tibetan medicinal resources Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.;To provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of related medicinal plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Methods Based on the Biomod2 ensemble model,integrating distribution data and multi-dimensional environmental factors for the Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.,the spatiotemporal dynamics and centroid migration trends of their potential suitable areas under current and four future shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP126,SSP245,SSP370,SSP585)were simulated.Results The ensemble model exhibited good prediction accuracy.The coefficient of variation of temperature seasonality(bio4)was identified as the dominant environmental factor influencing the distribution of both species.Aconitum pendulum Busch.demonstrated stronger dependence on the mean temperature of the coldest quarter(bio11),while Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.was more influenced by the mean diurnal range(bio2)and precipitation of the driest month(bio14).Currently,the high suitable area for Aconitum pendulum Busch.is primarily located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,covering approximately 35.88×104 km2.The high suitable area for Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.is centered in the eastern part of the plateau,spanning approximately 56.49×104 km2.Under future climate scenarios,significant changes in suitable area extent and centroid location were observed for both species.The high suitable area for Aconitum pendulum Busch.generally shrank,with its centroid migrating southeastward,whereas the high suitable area for Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.showed an expanding trend,and its centroid shifted northwestward.Conclusion The findings reveal the key impact of climate change on the distribution evolution,migration and influencing factors of Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.,providing theoretical reference for the conservation planning,adaptive management,and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.

Objective To explore the environmental factors affecting the growth of Lonicera japonica Thunb.;To predict the suitable areas of L.japonica in China under current and future climate conditions.Methods Totally 2 553 pieces of L.japonica distribution information and 19 environmental factors were collected.MaxEnt model was used to screen the main environmental factors affecting the growth of L.japonica.Combined with ArcGIS 10.8 software,this article simulated the suitable area of L.japonica in our country under current and future climate conditions.Results The main environmental factors affecting the distribution of L.japonica were the lowest temperature in the coldest month,the average daily temperature range,the precipitation in the wettest quarter and the annual temperature range.Under the current climate conditions,the suitable area of L.japonica in China was about 318.29×104 km2,which was mainly distributed in central and southern China.Under the future climate scenario,the total suitable area would decrease.Conclusion This study predicted distribution of L.japonica resources and ecological suitability areas can provide theoretical basis for its wild cultivation,rational cultivation,and resource protection.

Objective To predict the potential geographical distribution of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo,a unique Tibetan medicinal plant endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,using a multi-model ensemble strategy;To analyze the key environmental driving factors of its suitable habitat.Methods Based on 163 distribution records of L.rotata collected through field surveys and database resources,and incorporating multi-dimensional environmental factors,including bioclimatic and topographic variables,an efficient ensemble prediction model was developed using the Biomod2 platform.The potential distribution of L.rotata on the Tibetan Plateau was simulated and predicted.Habitat suitability maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.3,and the main environmental factors influencing the distribution of L.rotata were analyzed.Results The ensemble model demonstrated outstanding predictive performance,with TSS and AUC values of 0.916 and 0.992,respectively,significantly outperforming all individual models included in the ensemble.Further analysis revealed that elevation,annual precipitation and temperature seasonality were the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of L.rotata.The primary areas of high habitat suitability for L.rotata on the Tibetan Plateau are located at the borders of Qinghai,Tibet,Sichuan and Gansu provinces,covering an area of approximately 72.92×104 km2.Conclusion L.rotata exhibits unique adaptations to high-altitude and specific climatic conditions.The results of this study can provide valuable insights for the ecological conservation and rational utilization of its medicinal resources.The multi-model ensemble approach demonstrates significant advantages in improving the accuracy of species distribution predictions.

Objective To analyze the impact of climate change on the potential distribution patterns of the Tibetan medicinal resources Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.;To provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of related medicinal plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Methods Based on the Biomod2 ensemble model,integrating distribution data and multi-dimensional environmental factors for the Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.,the spatiotemporal dynamics and centroid migration trends of their potential suitable areas under current and four future shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP126,SSP245,SSP370,SSP585)were simulated.Results The ensemble model exhibited good prediction accuracy.The coefficient of variation of temperature seasonality(bio4)was identified as the dominant environmental factor influencing the distribution of both species.Aconitum pendulum Busch.demonstrated stronger dependence on the mean temperature of the coldest quarter(bio11),while Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.was more influenced by the mean diurnal range(bio2)and precipitation of the driest month(bio14).Currently,the high suitable area for Aconitum pendulum Busch.is primarily located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,covering approximately 35.88×104 km2.The high suitable area for Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.is centered in the eastern part of the plateau,spanning approximately 56.49×104 km2.Under future climate scenarios,significant changes in suitable area extent and centroid location were observed for both species.The high suitable area for Aconitum pendulum Busch.generally shrank,with its centroid migrating southeastward,whereas the high suitable area for Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.showed an expanding trend,and its centroid shifted northwestward.Conclusion The findings reveal the key impact of climate change on the distribution evolution,migration and influencing factors of Aconitum pendulum Busch.and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.,providing theoretical reference for the conservation planning,adaptive management,and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.

Objective To explore the environmental factors affecting the growth of Lonicera japonica Thunb.;To predict the suitable areas of L.japonica in China under current and future climate conditions.Methods Totally 2 553 pieces of L.japonica distribution information and 19 environmental factors were collected.MaxEnt model was used to screen the main environmental factors affecting the growth of L.japonica.Combined with ArcGIS 10.8 software,this article simulated the suitable area of L.japonica in our country under current and future climate conditions.Results The main environmental factors affecting the distribution of L.japonica were the lowest temperature in the coldest month,the average daily temperature range,the precipitation in the wettest quarter and the annual temperature range.Under the current climate conditions,the suitable area of L.japonica in China was about 318.29×104 km2,which was mainly distributed in central and southern China.Under the future climate scenario,the total suitable area would decrease.Conclusion This study predicted distribution of L.japonica resources and ecological suitability areas can provide theoretical basis for its wild cultivation,rational cultivation,and resource protection.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential geographic distribution of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. in Gansu province, clarify its habitat requirements, and provide a theoretical basis for rational cultivation. METHODS Based on 100 geographic distribution points of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. and 39 environmental variables (including 19 bioclimatic variables, 17 soil variables and 3 topographic variables), the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt) and ArcGIS geographic information system software were used to make the habitat suitable for its evaluation and classification of suitable areas, the result of Jackknife test was used to evaluate the environmental variables that affect the habitat of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit., the area under the ROC curve(AUC) was used to evaluate the degree of reliability of the prediction results. RESULTS The AUC was 0.993, indicating that the prediction results of the MaxEnt model were reliable. Monthly average daily temperature difference, isotherm, standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, annual precipitation, the wettest month precipitation, the driest month precipitation, the driest season precipitation, the coldest season precipitation and altitude were the main environmental variables affecting the growth of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit.. The suitable areas for Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. in Gansu were mainly concentrated in Longnan, Tianshui and Pingliang, where the areas of high, medium and low suitable areas were 16 180.4, 15 413.96, 21 204.84 km2, respectively. CONCLUSION The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the protection and standardized cultivation of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit. resources.

Objective To investigate the effects of climate change on the geographical distribution of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Gansu Province,and predict its potential habitat;To provide a theoretical basis for resource conservation of cultivation of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao.Methods Based on the distribution data of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao from field surveys,the maximum entropy model and geographic information system were used to simulate its potential habitat in Gansu Province for the current(1970-2000)and future(2041-2060)periods,and the contribution of environmental factors and the results of the knife-cut test were integrated to assess the important factors governing the distribution of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao.Results The dominant environmental variables governing the geographical distribution of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao were precipitation in the wettest month,average temperature in the wettest season,and elevation.The potential suitable area of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Gansu Province under current climatic conditions was 65 902.66 km2,and the high suitable area was mainly concentrated in Dingxi District.In the future period,the suitable areas of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao under the scenarios of SSP126,SSP370 and SSP585 all showed a decreasing trend,especially the area of the high suitable areas decreased significantly.Conclusion Future climate change will lead to a significant reduction in the suitable habitat for A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Gansu Province.The suitable habitat will mainly move towards high-altitude mountainous areas,and the continuity of A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao resources can be maintained by establishing ecological protection zones.