ObjectiveTo develop an accurate quantitative method of herpes simplex virus 2(HSV2) oncolytic viruses(OVs)viral titer based on Poisson distribution principle, aiming at the limitation of high variability and complicated operation of traditional half cell culture infectious dose method(CCID_(50)), so as to improve the accuracy and stability of quality control.MethodsA robust detection system was established by optimizing Vero cell culture conditions(serum concentration and incubation time after virus infection). HSV2 titer was determined simultaneously by traditional CCID_(50)method and new Poisson distribution method(maximum likelihood estimation using negative well data based on high-density 96-well microplate).ResultsThe mean virus titer measured by CCID_(50)method was 1. 75 × 10~6 CCID_(50)/mL, with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 36. 62%, while that measured by Poisson distribution method was 7. 94 × 10~5 ifu/mL, with significantly reduced variability(RSD of 12. 59%).ConclusionPoisson distribution method significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of virus titer determination by fully integrating microplate data to reduce random error, and provides a standardized and reliable solution for OVs quality evaluation, which has broad clinical application prospects.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. Conclusion The exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.

Iron is an essential trace element for the human body and is critical for vital cellular processes,such as DNA synthesis,respiration,and oxygen transport.The body maintains iron homeostasis through a coordinated balance of absorption,utilization,storage,and distribution.Both iron deficiency and excess can lead to pathologies,with the latter triggering lipid peroxidation and DNA mutations via the Fenton reaction,potentially causing iron-induced cell death in severe cases.Although iron overload can inflict severe damage on multiple organs,including the brain,liver,spleen,heart,ovaries,and kidneys,the mechanisms that regulate iron homeostasis in response to overload are not fully understood.Various animal models have been developed to help elucidate these mechanisms,each reflecting different aspects of iron overload relevant to human diseases,and selection of the most appropriate animal model is needed for the accurate simulation of the pathological and physiological states associated with human iron overload-related diseases.This review synthesizes recent literature on animal models pertinent to iron overload,to offer insights to support the development and analysis of models for diseases related to iron overload.

BACKGROUND:The combination of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and semen quality-related parameters can jointly predict the occurrence of abnormal increase in sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and draw a column chart,which can significantly improve clinical practicality and application efficiency,provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of semen quality in clinical practice,take active intervention measures to improve clinical outcomes,and formulate personalized medical plans.OBJECTIVE:To explore the prediction model and verification of sperm DNA fragments based on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and semen quality-related parameters.METHODS:Retrospective analysis was made on 420 infertile patients who received traditional Chinese medicine syndrome diagnosis and sperm DNA fragment rate examination in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Andrology,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2019 to July 2021.According to the Manual of Human Semen Examination and Treatment Laboratories (6th Edition),137 patients with sperm DFI>30％ were included in the group of abnormally high sperm DFI,and 283 patients with sperm DFI ≤ 30％ were taken as the control group.First,univariate analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of the abnormal increase of sperm DFI.Then,the best matching factor was selected by using the collinearity problem of LASSO correction factors.Then,it was included in the multifactor forward stepwise logistic regression to find out its independent influencing factors and draw a nomogram.Finally,the receiver operating characteristic curve,calibration curve,decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve were used to verify the differentiation and accuracy of the prediction model and its clinical application effectiveness.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The results of the univariate analysis showed that age,body mass index,forward motion rate,total sperm motility,sperm concentration,sperm morphology,kidney yang deficiency syndrome,damp heat downpour syndrome,and kidney sperm deficiency syndrome were the influencing factors for the abnormal increase of sperm DFI (P<0.05).(2) The best matching factors further screened by LASSO regression were age,body mass index,total sperm motility,sperm concentration,sperm morphology,kidney yang deficiency syndrome,damp heat downpour syndrome,and kidney essence deficiency syndrome (P<0.05).(3) Multifactor forward stepwise Logistic regression showed that age,body mass index,sperm concentration,total sperm motility,damp heat downpour syndrome,and kidney yang deficiency syndrome were six independent factors that caused the abnormal increase in sperm DFI.(4) Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of the model group was 0.760(0.713,0.806),and the area under the curve of the validation group was 0.745(0.714,0.776).It showed that the prediction model had good discrimination.(5) The average absolute error of the calibration curve was 0.040,and the Hosmer Lemeshow test (P>0.05),suggesting that there was no significant statistical difference between the probability of the abnormal increase in DFI of spermatozoa predicted by the model and the probability of the abnormal increase in DFI of spermatozoa actually occurred,which confirmed that the model had good accuracy.(6) Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the model group and validation group had the maximum clinical net benefit when the threshold probability values were (0.08-0.84) and (0.09-0.78) respectively,and had good clinical application efficiency within the threshold probability range.(7) These findings conclude that age,body mass index,sperm concentration,total sperm viability,damp heat downpour syndrome and kidney yang deficiency syndrome are independent factors that cause the abnormal increase in sperm DFI.The nomogram of the clinical prediction model constructed by them has good clinical prediction value and clinical application efficiency,and can provide the basis for comprehensive clinical evaluation of semen quality and individualized medical service.

Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of current patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner (referred to as Morin Banner), and provide suggestions for service management.Methods:Information of KBD current patients in Morin Banner was collected from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2024 using the "KBD Current Patient Survey System" provided by the Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive study method was used to analyze the basic information and clinical data of current patients.Results:As of June 30, 2024, a total of 6 223 KBD current patients were reported in Morin Banner, and the patients were distributed in 15 townships (towns). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different townships (towns, χ 2 = 3 069.01, P < 0.001). The minimum age of the KBD current patients was 27 years old, and the maximum was 98 years old, mainly concentrated in the age range of 45 - 74 years old, accounting for 95.7% (5 954/6 223). There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different age groups (χ 2 = 5 912.76, P < 0.001). The male to female ratio was 1.00∶1.14 (2 910 ∶ 3 313), and there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence rate of KBD between genders(χ 2 = 44.38, P < 0.001). The KBD current patients mainly had a primary school education, married, and farmers, accounting for 59.2% (3 685/6 223), 89.8% (5 590/6 223), 93.2% (5 802/6 223), respectively; and the clinical grading of patients is mainly degree Ⅰ. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of limb disability among patients with different clinical grades (χ 2 = 64.26, P < 0.001). The rate of limb disability in males was higher than that in females (χ 2 = 10.36, P = 0.001). Conclusions:The KBD current patients in Morin Banner are distributed in various township (town), with middle-aged and elderly famers being the main ones. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of KBD, and pay attention to personalized treatment and management of KBD current patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of collagen injection in improving periorbital aging.Methods:The data of patients receiving collagen injections treated for periorbital aging at Hangzhou Xueran Medical Beauty Clinic from December 2023 to July 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. Pre-injection facial photographs were taken to assess periorbital aging severity. A domestic collagen filler (35 mg/ml premixed with 0.3% lidocaine) was injected. First, 30 G sharp needle was used to inject filler into the periorbital periosteal layer through 6 points on each side. After that, 27 G blunt needle was used to give falloped flat injection in the subcutaneous and under the orbicularis oculi muscle, respectively, from 2 points on each side. Total doses (1-6 ml) were determined by aging severity. Based on prior pain perception experiences, injection sites were categorized into three zones. Psychological interventions were implemented during left facial injections, while right facial injections served as non-intervention controls. Post-procedure care included erythromycin ointment application and ice compression. Patient images were obtained immediately post-treatment, at 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. Periorbital aging rating scale (PARS) was assessed by third-party. The higher the scale rating, the more severe the periorbital aging. After treatment, a reduction of 1 grade from the pre-treatment rating was regarded as effective improvement, and a reduction of ≥2 grades was regarded as significant improvement. Global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) was assessed by the patients. The full score was 5, the higher the score, the greater the improvement. The patient satisfaction was evaluated by self-made scale. The effectiveness of psychological intervention was evaluated by patients immediately after treatment. The complications were followed up and recorded. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the same patient before and after treatment. Counting data was expressed as cases (%). Results:A total of 45 patients were included, including 10 males and 35 females, aged (35.6±8.0) years (25-55 years). All patients were followed up. PARS evaluation showed that, PARS rating at immediately after injection, 1 month and 3 months after injection[(1.3±0.7), (1.1±0.6), (1.2±0.7) grade] was significantly decreased ( t=23.45, 25.38, 26.36, all P<0.001), compared with that before treatment[(2.2±0.6) grade]. All patients achieved significant or effective improvement immediately and 1 month after treatment. Only 1 patient’s rating recovered to the pre-treatment level 3 months after treatment. After treatment, GAIS scores remained stable as 4.8±0.4 (immediate) vs. 4.9±0.3 (1-month) vs. 4.6±0.5 (3-month), showing no significant differecnce ( t=-1.98, 1.52; P=0.058, 0.135). 44 cases (97.8%) reported satisfied results and maintained improvement with high satisfaction, while 1 case (2.2%) noted mostly loss at 3 months. All patients (100%) perceived enhanced comfort during left-side psychological interventions. Adverse events included 1 case (2.2%) of transient ecchymosis resolving within 5 days. No allergies, nodules, or vascular complications occurred. Natural dynamic expressions were maintained in all patients at 3 months. Conclusion:Periocular collagen injection can effectively improve the signs of aging around the eyes and exhibit good long-term effect. The implementation of psychological interventions during the injection treatment can effectively alleviate fear and anxiety, significantly enhance treatment comfort.

Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of current patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner (referred to as Morin Banner), and provide suggestions for service management.Methods:Information of KBD current patients in Morin Banner was collected from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2024 using the "KBD Current Patient Survey System" provided by the Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive study method was used to analyze the basic information and clinical data of current patients.Results:As of June 30, 2024, a total of 6 223 KBD current patients were reported in Morin Banner, and the patients were distributed in 15 townships (towns). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different townships (towns, χ 2 = 3 069.01, P < 0.001). The minimum age of the KBD current patients was 27 years old, and the maximum was 98 years old, mainly concentrated in the age range of 45 - 74 years old, accounting for 95.7% (5 954/6 223). There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different age groups (χ 2 = 5 912.76, P < 0.001). The male to female ratio was 1.00∶1.14 (2 910 ∶ 3 313), and there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence rate of KBD between genders(χ 2 = 44.38, P < 0.001). The KBD current patients mainly had a primary school education, married, and farmers, accounting for 59.2% (3 685/6 223), 89.8% (5 590/6 223), 93.2% (5 802/6 223), respectively; and the clinical grading of patients is mainly degree Ⅰ. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of limb disability among patients with different clinical grades (χ 2 = 64.26, P < 0.001). The rate of limb disability in males was higher than that in females (χ 2 = 10.36, P = 0.001). Conclusions:The KBD current patients in Morin Banner are distributed in various township (town), with middle-aged and elderly famers being the main ones. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of KBD, and pay attention to personalized treatment and management of KBD current patients.

Objectives:To evaluate the hemodynamic impact of different bypass grafting methods on the left anterior descending(LAD)artery using computational fluid dynamics,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods:A patient-specific 3D coronary model was constructed using SimVascular software,including an in-situ internal mammary artery graft(model 1)and three free grafts of varying diameters(model 2:2 mm internal mammary artery free graft;model 3 and model 4:3 mm and 4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts).The hemodynamic parameters of the native artery and grafts were compared among the four bypass grafting models.Results:All four bypass grafting models supply sufficient blood flow for the severely stenosed LAD.LAD flow was slightly lower in the model 1.Free internal mammary artery grafts showed higher flow and wall shear stress.4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts presented with maximum flow but lowest shear stress,3 mm great saphenous vein free grafts offered better hemodynamic stability.Conclusions:Computational fluid dynamics analysis indicates that free internal mammary grafts could provide superior hemodynamics,while larger grafts result in lower shear stress,which might affect long-term graft patency.These findings thus provide experimental evidences useful for optimizing LAD bypass strategies.

Epidemiology research has found that ABO blood group and the gene coding ABO glycosyltransferases are associated with many human diseases. The activity of ABO glycosyltransferases varies with different blood types, mediating different glycosylation modifications. The variation in glycosylation level might be the risk factor of specific disease. Based on the literature retrieval and analysis, glycosylation levels regulated by ABO glycosyltransferases mainly affect the ABH blood group antigens and von Willebrand factor (vWF). By modulating key glycosylation components, ABO glycosyltransferases partly determine the activity or expression levels of the ABH antigens and vWF, thereby affecting the development and progression of diseases. Exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of ABO glycosyltransferases can improve the understanding of the molecular pathology of related diseases and provide reference for clinical research and application.

Guided by the theory of latent pathogens， it is believed that the basic pathogenesis of adult-onset Still's disease is the latent pathogens in the deep yin level. The onset of the disease is fundamentally characterized by the deficiency of both qi and yin as the root， with dampness， heat， phlegm， and blood stasis as the branch， which triggered by intruding pathogens activate the latent pathogens in yin level. The treatment focuses on nourishing yin and dispersing heat as the key therapeutic method. It is proposed that clearing and resolving dampness-heat， expelling pathogens outward， dispersing the latent pathogens， reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating the root， boosting qi and nourishing yin as treatment idea. In clinic， Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤） could be used as the basic formula， and modified with characteristic herb pairs such as Qinghao （Artemisia annua） - Digupi （Lycium chinense） to enrich yin and clear heat， and enforce the power of clearing deficient heat； Biejia （Lawsonia inermis） - Xuchangqing （Vincetoxicum mukdenense） to enrich yin and activate blood， unblock the collaterals and dissipate masses； Duhuo （Angelica biserrata） - Mudanpi （Paeonia × suffruticosa） to dispel wind and activate blood， resolve dampness and unblock the collaterals， so as to clear and warm simultaneously， and regulate qi and blood at the same time； and Chuanshanlong （Dioscorea nipponica） - Difuzi （Bassia scoparia） to dissolve stasis and dispel phlegm， explore and dispel latent pathogens.