ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of foliar fertilizer of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate on the agronomic traits， carbohydrate and endogenous hormone contents of Dendrobium officinale planted for 1 year under greenhouse cultivation， in order to provide scientific basis for fertilization to improve the yield and quality of D. officinale. MethodsSingle-factor experimental design was adopted. Starting from early spring， D. officinale was treated with foliar spraying according to corresponding fertilizers. Three treatment groups were established based on different fertilizers， namely， a blank group（clear water）， a nano-calcium carbonate group（0.727 g·L^-1 nano-calcium carbonate water-soluble fertilizer）， and a calcium nitrate tetrahydrate group（1.091 g·L^-1 calcium nitrate tetrahydrate water-soluble fertilizer）. The frequency of spraying was three times per month， and the entire treatment process lasted for nine months. The effects of various treatments on the traits and relative chlorophyll content of D. officinale were dynamically monitored. Sampling was conducted at three specific time points：August 2， 2023， September 8， 2023， and November 1， 2023， respectively. The contents of glucose and mannose in D. officinale stems were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， the content of soluble sugars in D. officinale stems and leaves was determined by phenol method， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could significantly increase stem length， stem node number， leaf number， and tiller number. Among them， during the harvesting period in November， the stem length and tiller number， which are indicators related to the yield of D. officinale， increased by 60.85% and 19.23% after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate， and by 32.54% and 28.85% after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate， respectively. Compared with the blank group， treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could promote the accumulation of sucrose in the stems and leaves of D. officinale to varying degrees， as well as the accumulation of polysaccharides， mannose， and glucose in the stems. In addition， nano-calcium carbonate treatment also facilitated the accumulation of fructose in the stems and leaves of D. officinale. Specifically， during the harvesting period in November， polysaccharides and mannose， which were the main active ingredients in D. officinale stems， increased by 28.48% and 29.36% after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate， and by 39.91% and 82.62% after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate， respectively. In addition， compared with the blank group， the concentrations of auxin in the stems and leaves of D. officinale were significantly increased after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate（P<0.05）. Similarly， the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin in the stems of D. officinale were also elevated after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate. Correlation analysis further indicated that elongation growth and tillering of D. officinale stems after foliar spraying of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate might be related to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the stems and leaves and the synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin. ConclusionIn production practice， spraying nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate can promote the accumulation of cytokinin， auxin， and carbohydrate contents in the stems and leaves of D. officinale， and promote tillering and elongation growth of the stems.

Objective:To assess the impacts of abdominal spectral computed tomography (CT) scans on radiation dose in order to validate the feasibility of low-dose spectral CT imaging.Methods:Using varying scanning protocols on the Discovery CT750 HD device, the abdomen of an adult male dose-specific phantom was scanned in two modes: conventional single-energy CT (SECT) and gemstone spectral imaging (GSI). Specifically, the conventional SECT mode featured tube voltages of 120 and 80 kVp, automatic tube current modulation technology, and a noise index (NI) of 10 HU. In contrast, the GSI mode was characterized by the automatic spectral imaging protocol selection (ASIS) technique, rapid switching of the tube voltage between 80 and 140 kVp, and Nis for non-spectral scanning of 8, 10, 15, and 20 HU. Then, various radiation dose metrics and objective image quality were compared across different scanning protocols.Results:In the case of the same NI, the three scanning dose modes (SECT with tube voltages of 120 and 80 kVp, and GSI with a tube voltage of 80/140 kVp) presented similar volume CT dose index (CTDI vol) and dose length product (DLP). However, the SECT with a tube voltage of 80 kVp showed the lowest measured organ absorbed dose ( DT; 5.89 mSv). Effective dose ( E) was determined using DLP and organ DT. The result indicated that, under the three modes except for SECT with a tube voltage of 80 kVp, the E values calculated using DLP were lower than those determinized using the organ DT, with deviations ranging from 9% to 20%. The differences in image noise levels and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the three scanning modes were statistically significant ( F = 65.52, 35.09, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Spectral CT using ASIS technology can achieve low-dose spectral scanning while ensuring image quality.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice.Methods T2DM mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive drug group,Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus total extract group,water-solube part group,and Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus ethyl acetate fraction group,with 10 mice in each group.After 4 weeks of treatment,anti-diabetic effects were evaluated by monitoring body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG),oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),and area under the blood glucose curve(AUC).Liver tissue status was assessed through liver index and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results Compared with the model group,the water-solube part and total extract group showed significant improvements in mental status,food intake,body mass,excretion,and the FBG elevation was effectively suppressed,OGTT,FINS,AUC,HOMA-IR and liver index were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),the histopathological analysis revealed improved liver tissue morphology.Regarding channel protein expression,compared with the model group,the water-solube part group exhibited significantly upregulated phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)in mouse liver tissue(P＜0.05),furthermore,the positive drug group,total extract group,and water-solube part group all demonstrated markedly increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)in hepatic tissues(P＜0.05).Conclusion The water-solube part of fructus of Hibiseu Manihot L fructus.effectively alleviates T2DM symptoms(polyphagia,polydipsia,polyuria,weight loss)and glucose metabolism disorders,with hepatoprotective effects potentially mediated through PI3K/AKT pathway activation and enhanced p-AMPK expression.

Sigma-1 receptor (σ ₁R) has become a focus point of drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A series of novel 1-phenylethan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime derivatives were synthesized. In vitro biological evaluation led to the identification of 1a, 14a, 15d and 16d as the most high-affinity (K _i < 4 nmol/L) and selective σ ₁R agonists. Among these, 15d, the most metabolically stable derivative exhibited high selectivity for σ ₁R in relation to σ ₂R and 52 other human targets. In addition to low CYP450 inhibition and induction, 15d also exhibited high brain permeability and excellent oral bioavailability. Importantly, 15d demonstrated effective antipsychotic potency, particularly for alleviating negative symptoms and improving cognitive impairment in experimental animal models, both of which are major challenges for schizophrenia treatment. Moreover, 15d produced no significant extrapyramidal symptoms, exhibiting superior pharmacological profiles in relation to current antipsychotic drugs. Mechanistically, 15d inhibited GSK3β and enhanced prefrontal BDNF expression and excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. Collectively, these in vivo proof-of-concept findings provide substantial experimental evidence to demonstrate that modulating σ ₁R represents a potential new therapeutic approach for schizophrenia. The novel chemical entity along with its favorable drug-like and pharmacological profile of 15d renders it a promising candidate for treating schizophrenia.

Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Objective:To observe and analyze the intraocular stability of intraocular lens (IOL) with different haptic designs after cataract surgery by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A cohort study was conducted.Medical records of 130 consecutive patients (130 eyes) diagnosed with age-related cataract, who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to August 2022 were collected.According to the type of IOL implanted, the patients were divided into four groups, L-haptic group with 34 cases (34 eyes), modified C-haptic group with 30 cases (30 eyes), plate-haptic group with 36 cases (36 eyes), four-haptic group with 30 cases (30 eyes).Before surgery, the patient's axial length and IOL diopter were measured with an optical biometer, and the angle kappa and angle alpha were measured with corneal topography.At 3 months after surgery, the anterior chamber depth, decentration and tilt of IOL, the space area between IOL and posterior capsule (AREAP) of the four groups were measured using SS-OCT.And anterior chamber depth changes and diopter changes were calculated.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2022-KY-1222-002).All subjects were aware of the purpose and significance of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.Results:The average decentration and tilt of the modified C-haptic, L-haptic, plate-haptic, and four-haptic IOL decreased successively at 3 months after surgery, with no statistically significant differences ( H=7.055, F=5.162; all P>0.05).The postoperative anterior chamber depth, the anterior chamber depth change, the diopter change and the AREAP of the modified C-haptic, L-haptic, plate-haptic, and four-haptic IOL decreased successively at 3 months after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Preoperative angle kappa was positively correlated with postoperative 3-month IOL tilt ( r=0.554, P<0.001).Preoperative angle alpha was positively correlated with postoperative 3-month IOL tilt ( r=0.469, P<0.001).The multiple linear regression model constructed with preoperative angle kappa and preoperative angle alpha as independent variables and IOL tilt as dependent variable was statistically significant ( F=39.526, P<0.001, R2=0.384).For every 1 mm increase in preoperative angle kappa, postoperative tilt will increase by 0.438°; for every 1 mm increase in preoperative angle alpha, postoperative tilt will increase by 0.300°. Conclusions:All four IOLs with different haptic designs have good horizontal centering stability.The plate-haptic and the four-haptic IOLs have superior vertical stability compared to L-haptic and modified C-haptic designs.Preoperative angles kappa and alpha can be used as indicators to predict postoperative IOL tilt.

Objective:To observe and analyze the intraocular stability of intraocular lens (IOL) with different haptic designs after cataract surgery by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A cohort study was conducted.Medical records of 130 consecutive patients (130 eyes) diagnosed with age-related cataract, who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to August 2022 were collected.According to the type of IOL implanted, the patients were divided into four groups, L-haptic group with 34 cases (34 eyes), modified C-haptic group with 30 cases (30 eyes), plate-haptic group with 36 cases (36 eyes), four-haptic group with 30 cases (30 eyes).Before surgery, the patient's axial length and IOL diopter were measured with an optical biometer, and the angle kappa and angle alpha were measured with corneal topography.At 3 months after surgery, the anterior chamber depth, decentration and tilt of IOL, the space area between IOL and posterior capsule (AREAP) of the four groups were measured using SS-OCT.And anterior chamber depth changes and diopter changes were calculated.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2022-KY-1222-002).All subjects were aware of the purpose and significance of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.Results:The average decentration and tilt of the modified C-haptic, L-haptic, plate-haptic, and four-haptic IOL decreased successively at 3 months after surgery, with no statistically significant differences ( H=7.055, F=5.162; all P>0.05).The postoperative anterior chamber depth, the anterior chamber depth change, the diopter change and the AREAP of the modified C-haptic, L-haptic, plate-haptic, and four-haptic IOL decreased successively at 3 months after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Preoperative angle kappa was positively correlated with postoperative 3-month IOL tilt ( r=0.554, P<0.001).Preoperative angle alpha was positively correlated with postoperative 3-month IOL tilt ( r=0.469, P<0.001).The multiple linear regression model constructed with preoperative angle kappa and preoperative angle alpha as independent variables and IOL tilt as dependent variable was statistically significant ( F=39.526, P<0.001, R2=0.384).For every 1 mm increase in preoperative angle kappa, postoperative tilt will increase by 0.438°; for every 1 mm increase in preoperative angle alpha, postoperative tilt will increase by 0.300°. Conclusions:All four IOLs with different haptic designs have good horizontal centering stability.The plate-haptic and the four-haptic IOLs have superior vertical stability compared to L-haptic and modified C-haptic designs.Preoperative angles kappa and alpha can be used as indicators to predict postoperative IOL tilt.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir on treatment of the children with influenza virus infection and observe the impact on microribonucleic acid(miR)-223/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)axis.METHODS A total of 104 children with influenza virus infection who were treated in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan.2023 to Jan.2024 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the study group with 52 cases and the control group with 52 cases.The study group was given Chai Yin Granules on basis of the treatment of the control group,the control group was given basic anti-infection therapy plus oseltamivir phosphate granules,and both groups were treated for 5 consecutive days.The clinical curative effect was compared between the two group;the time of im-provement of clinical symptoms,arterial blood gases(ABG)indexes,inflammatory indexes and miR-223/NLRP3 axis indexes before the treatment and after the treatment for 5 days as well as the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period were observed and compared between the two groups of children.RESULTS The total effective rate of the study group was 92.31％after the treatment for 5 days,higher than 76.92％of the control group(x2=4.727,P=0.030).The duration of virus turning to be negative,disappearance of sore throat,disap-pearance of cough and fever abatement was shorter in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The ar-terial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),pH,PaO2/oxygen concentration(FiO2)and miR-223 level of the two groups of children were higher after the treatment for 5 days than before the treatment;the above indexes of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),NLRP3 and inflammatory indexes levels were lower after the treatment for 5 days than before the treat-ment(P＜0.05),and the levels of above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.CONCLUSION Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir can effectively improve the ABG indexes and clinical symptoms of the children with influenza virus infection and relieve the inflammatory reactions by regulating the ac-tivity of miR-223/NLRP3 axis so as to improve the illness condition of the children with influenza virus infection and boost the clinical curative effect,with the safety favorable.

Lung cancer (LC) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively common comorbidity in clinical practice, and its management remains complex and challenging. As one of the primary treatment modalities for LC, radiotherapy carries a risk of inducing acute exacerbation of ILD and severe radiation pneumonitis; therefore, it should be used with caution in LC-ILD patients. Advances in radiotherapy technology now allow for more precise tumor targeting and better sparing of healthy lung tissues, potentially offering greater therapeutic benefits for these patients. In this article, current status and recent research progress in the application of radiotherapy in LC-ILD were reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To assess the impacts of abdominal spectral computed tomography (CT) scans on radiation dose in order to validate the feasibility of low-dose spectral CT imaging.Methods:Using varying scanning protocols on the Discovery CT750 HD device, the abdomen of an adult male dose-specific phantom was scanned in two modes: conventional single-energy CT (SECT) and gemstone spectral imaging (GSI). Specifically, the conventional SECT mode featured tube voltages of 120 and 80 kVp, automatic tube current modulation technology, and a noise index (NI) of 10 HU. In contrast, the GSI mode was characterized by the automatic spectral imaging protocol selection (ASIS) technique, rapid switching of the tube voltage between 80 and 140 kVp, and Nis for non-spectral scanning of 8, 10, 15, and 20 HU. Then, various radiation dose metrics and objective image quality were compared across different scanning protocols.Results:In the case of the same NI, the three scanning dose modes (SECT with tube voltages of 120 and 80 kVp, and GSI with a tube voltage of 80/140 kVp) presented similar volume CT dose index (CTDI vol) and dose length product (DLP). However, the SECT with a tube voltage of 80 kVp showed the lowest measured organ absorbed dose ( DT; 5.89 mSv). Effective dose ( E) was determined using DLP and organ DT. The result indicated that, under the three modes except for SECT with a tube voltage of 80 kVp, the E values calculated using DLP were lower than those determinized using the organ DT, with deviations ranging from 9% to 20%. The differences in image noise levels and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the three scanning modes were statistically significant ( F = 65.52, 35.09, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Spectral CT using ASIS technology can achieve low-dose spectral scanning while ensuring image quality.