ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of foliar fertilizer of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate on the agronomic traits， carbohydrate and endogenous hormone contents of Dendrobium officinale planted for 1 year under greenhouse cultivation， in order to provide scientific basis for fertilization to improve the yield and quality of D. officinale. MethodsSingle-factor experimental design was adopted. Starting from early spring， D. officinale was treated with foliar spraying according to corresponding fertilizers. Three treatment groups were established based on different fertilizers， namely， a blank group（clear water）， a nano-calcium carbonate group（0.727 g·L^-1 nano-calcium carbonate water-soluble fertilizer）， and a calcium nitrate tetrahydrate group（1.091 g·L^-1 calcium nitrate tetrahydrate water-soluble fertilizer）. The frequency of spraying was three times per month， and the entire treatment process lasted for nine months. The effects of various treatments on the traits and relative chlorophyll content of D. officinale were dynamically monitored. Sampling was conducted at three specific time points：August 2， 2023， September 8， 2023， and November 1， 2023， respectively. The contents of glucose and mannose in D. officinale stems were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， the content of soluble sugars in D. officinale stems and leaves was determined by phenol method， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could significantly increase stem length， stem node number， leaf number， and tiller number. Among them， during the harvesting period in November， the stem length and tiller number， which are indicators related to the yield of D. officinale， increased by 60.85% and 19.23% after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate， and by 32.54% and 28.85% after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate， respectively. Compared with the blank group， treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could promote the accumulation of sucrose in the stems and leaves of D. officinale to varying degrees， as well as the accumulation of polysaccharides， mannose， and glucose in the stems. In addition， nano-calcium carbonate treatment also facilitated the accumulation of fructose in the stems and leaves of D. officinale. Specifically， during the harvesting period in November， polysaccharides and mannose， which were the main active ingredients in D. officinale stems， increased by 28.48% and 29.36% after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate， and by 39.91% and 82.62% after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate， respectively. In addition， compared with the blank group， the concentrations of auxin in the stems and leaves of D. officinale were significantly increased after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate（P<0.05）. Similarly， the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin in the stems of D. officinale were also elevated after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate. Correlation analysis further indicated that elongation growth and tillering of D. officinale stems after foliar spraying of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate might be related to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the stems and leaves and the synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin. ConclusionIn production practice， spraying nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate can promote the accumulation of cytokinin， auxin， and carbohydrate contents in the stems and leaves of D. officinale， and promote tillering and elongation growth of the stems.

Sigma-1 receptor (σ ₁R) has become a focus point of drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A series of novel 1-phenylethan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime derivatives were synthesized. In vitro biological evaluation led to the identification of 1a, 14a, 15d and 16d as the most high-affinity (K _i < 4 nmol/L) and selective σ ₁R agonists. Among these, 15d, the most metabolically stable derivative exhibited high selectivity for σ ₁R in relation to σ ₂R and 52 other human targets. In addition to low CYP450 inhibition and induction, 15d also exhibited high brain permeability and excellent oral bioavailability. Importantly, 15d demonstrated effective antipsychotic potency, particularly for alleviating negative symptoms and improving cognitive impairment in experimental animal models, both of which are major challenges for schizophrenia treatment. Moreover, 15d produced no significant extrapyramidal symptoms, exhibiting superior pharmacological profiles in relation to current antipsychotic drugs. Mechanistically, 15d inhibited GSK3β and enhanced prefrontal BDNF expression and excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. Collectively, these in vivo proof-of-concept findings provide substantial experimental evidence to demonstrate that modulating σ ₁R represents a potential new therapeutic approach for schizophrenia. The novel chemical entity along with its favorable drug-like and pharmacological profile of 15d renders it a promising candidate for treating schizophrenia.

Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Objective It aims to analyze the grouping methods,payment standard calculation process,and cost settlement rules of ambulatory payment groups(APG)system in the United States.Additionally,it seeks to summarize the technical advantages and implementation key points of APG,providing reference for the ambulatory care payment reform in China.Methods Employing a literature research approach,this study dissects the payment technology and implementation process of APG.A preliminary comparison is made with the practices of APG pilot cities in China.Results The APG 3.18 version catalog comprises 13 types,61 categories,and 666 groups.One APG case can be classified into multiple APG groups,and by applying rules such as consolidation,packaging,and discounting,the final payment amount is calculated.Conclusion The APG payment technology aligns with the characteristics of outpatient health services,offering flexible payment methods and incentivizing healthcare institutions to provide efficient services.This holds significant reference value for the ambulatory care payment reform in China.The key points of APG implementation include improving the quality of outpatient data,localizing grouping and payment rules,establishing a regulatory assessment indicator system,and ensuring alignment with inpatient payments.

BACKGROUND: As one of the early discovered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), taurine upregulation gene 1 ( TUG1 ) has been widely expressed in a variety of tumors. Moreover, it promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, our understanding of its importance in the pathogenesis of cataracts remains limited. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which lncRNA TUG1 mediates lens epithelial cell apoptosis in age-related cataracts (ARC) by regulating the microRNAs (miR-29b)/second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases axis, and to identify more non-surgical strategies for cataract treatment. METHODS: The messenger RNA expression levels of TUG1 , miR-29b, and Smac were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in vivo and in vitro . The expression of the Smac protein was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to detect the cell apoptosis and proliferation rates, respectively. The targeted regulatory relationship between lncRNA TUG1 , miR-29b, and Smac was verified by viral vector construction, co-transfection, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation, luciferase reporter assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: TUG1 and Smac were expressed at high levels in ARC and HLE-B3 cells treated with 200 μmol/L H 2 O 2 , whereas miR-29b expression was decreased. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that down-regulation of TUG1 could inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Smac expression was negatively regulated by miR-29b. TUG1 competitively inhibited miR-29b expression and caused greater release of Smac. In addition, miR-29b partially reversed the effects of TUG1 on human lens epithelial cell line cells. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA TUG1 increases Smac expression and promotes apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in ARC by competitively inhibiting miR-29b. This mechanism is the cytological basis for ARC formation. Based on these results, the lncRNA TUG1/miR29b/Smac axis may be a new molecular pathway that regulates ARC development.

Humans ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use* ; Esotropia/drug therapy* ; Neuromuscular Agents ; Injections ; Treatment Outcome ; Oculomotor Muscles

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of Vision Therapy System 4 (VTS4) combined with traditional comprehensive training for ametropic amblyopia.Methods:A non-randomized controlled clinical study was performed.A total of 168 children aged 4-10 years with ametropic amblyopia were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to March 2021.The children were assigned to conventional comprehensive training combined with Vision Therapy System 4 group (conventional+ VTS4 group) and conventional group according to the preference of their guardian.Patients in conventional+ VTS4 group (84 children) received conventional comprehensive training combined VTS4 and patients in conventional group (84 children) were treated with conventional comprehensive training only, and the intervention was continuously used for over a year.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units was examined by international standard visual acuity chart before and after therapy.Spherical equivalent of the patients was detected by optometry under cycloplegic conditions and skiascopy.Binocular and fusion vision was examined with a synoptiscope.The stereopsis was evaluated using Titmus Stereogram.The ocular axial length (AL) and mean keratometry (Km) were measured with the IOLMaster 500.The basic cure rate, BCVA, reconstruction rate of stereopsis, △SE, △AL and △Km following training were compared to evaluate the effectiveness and myopic shift between two groups.The patients in conventional+ VTS4 group were divided into 4-5 years old group and 6-10 years old group, with 42 cases in each group, and the basic cure rate, BCVA, reconstruction rate of stereopsis were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect between the two groups.The basic cure was defined as acuity improved to ≥0.9, with reduced myopic diopter and stable therapy outcome over 6 months.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2021-KY-0891-002). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any medical examination.Results:The basic cure rate of conventional+ VTS4 group was 58.33%(49/84), which was significantly higher than 40.48%(34/84) of conventional group ( χ2=5.358, P=0.021). The BCVA in the conventional+ VTS4 group was better than that in conventional group, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.537, P=0.011). The recovery rates of binocular vision, fusion vision and stereo vision were 87.93%(51/58), 78.33%(47/60) and 70.77%(46/65) in conventional+ VTS4 group, which were higher than 65.57%(40/61), 57.81%(37/64) and 52.86%(37/70) in conventional group, respectively, with significant differences between them ( χ2=8.259, 5.968, 4.566; all at P<0.05). No significant difference was found in △SE, △AL, and △Km between conventional group and conventional+ VTS4 group (all at P>0.05). The basic cure rate was 69.05%(29/42) in the children aged 4-5 years group, which was higher than 47.62%(20/42) in 6-10 years group, respectively, showing a significant difference ( χ2=3.967, P=0.046). Both BCVA and the stereo vision recovery rate in the 4-5 years old group were better than those in the 6-10 years old group ( Z=-2.046, P=0.041; χ2=4.624, P=0.032). Conclusions:A combination therapy of VTS4 and conventional comprehensive training can improve the visual acuity and reconstruct the fusion and stereopsis of children with ametropic amblyopia, without causing additional myopic drift.

Urea transporters (UT) play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics. Thus, UT inhibitors are promising for development as novel diuretics. In the present study, a novel UT inhibitor with a diarylamide scaffold was discovered by high-throughput screening. Optimization of the inhibitor led to the identification of a promising preclinical candidate,

Objective:To investigate the current status of management of loaned medical instruments and implants in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) of tertiary hospitals based on Technical Guidelines for Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization of Loaned Medical Instruments, so as to provide reference basis for further standardization of management of loaned medical instruments and implants.Methods:From June to July, 2020, self-made questionnaires were used to investigate cleaning, disinfection and sterilization status of loaned medical instrument and implants in CSSD of tertiary hospitals in 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with the help of Internet. A total of 151 questionnaires were distributed, of which 138 were valid, with an effective rate of 91.4%.Results:Among 138 hospitals, 21.0% (29/138) of hospitals did not carry out information traceability for loaned medical instruments and implants, 38.4% (53/138) of loaned medical instruments and implants were delivered to CSSD without supervision of quality supervision department in the hospital, 15.2% (21/138) of loaned medical instruments and implants used in hospitals for the first time could be delivered 48 hours in advance, and 56.5% (78/138) of hospitals did not complete the first acceptance test before the first use of loaned medical instruments and implants. 20.3% (28/138) of hospitals had oversized and overweight sterilization packages for loaned medical instruments and implants. There was a correlation between establishment of a sound management system for loaned medical instruments and implants and the retrospective development of hospital informatization ( P<0.01) . There were correlations between supervision of the quality supervision department in the hospital and whether manufacturers could provide the instrument manual, the first test was completed before the first use and the department could be equipped with atlas of loaned medical instruments ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Improving and refing the management of loaned medical instruments and implants, clarifying the responsibilities of relevant departments and implementing their supervisory functions, carrying out information traceability throughout the use of loaned medical instruments and implants, strictly implementing the access system, controlling the time of first delivery and disinfection, and implementing the first sterilization test, which are important ways to ensure the safe use of loaned medical instruments and implants, improve quality management of CSSD, reduce the risk of hospital infection and ensure medical safety.