Objective To analyze the risk factors of neurogenic bladder dysfunction(NB)in patients with spinal cord injury,and establish a risk prediction model of NB in patients with spinal cord injury by decision tree algorithm.Method Clinical data of 176 patients with spinal cord injury admitted from April 2022 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients with spinal cord injury were divided into disorder group and non-disorder group according to whether they were complicated by NB.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of NB.Modeler software was used to construct the decision tree model of spinal cord injury patients with concurrent NB,and the 5-fold cross-validation method was used to internally verify the model,and the prediction efficiency of the model was compared.Results Among 176 patients with spinal cord injury,42 patients had concurrent NB,the incidence of NB was 23.86%.Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of spinal cord injury(T10—L2),degree of spinal cord injury(complete injury),course of disease(≥6 months),bladder compliance(abnormal),urinary system infection(yes)and detrusor sphincter disorder(yes)were all independent risk factors for NB in patients with spinal cord injury(P<0.05).Probability forecasting model P=1/[1+e-(-6.008+0.791*X1+3.117*X2+1.492*X3+1.270*X4+1.516*X5+2.158*X6)],models to predict the overall accuracy is 80.5%;The prediction accuracy of the model is 71.7%through the cross-verification of 5 fold.Decision tree model showed that the degree of spinal cord injury had the greatest effect on the complication of NB in patients with spinal cord injury,and the information gain was 0.46.ROC results showed that the AUC values of NB predicted by the two models were close(0.873 vs.0.852,Z=0.875,P=0.469).Conclusion The level of spinal cord injury,degree of spinal cord injury,course of disease,bladder compliance,urinary system infection,detrusor sphincter disorder can all predict the risk of NB.The decision tree model constructed in this study can effectively predict the risk probability of NB in patients with spinal cord injury,and medical staff can make targeted plans according to the above factors to reduce the risk of NB.

AIM:To investigate the role of BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein(BCCIP)in gastric can-cer(GC)and elucidate its mechanism in mediating cisplatin resistance.METHODS:The BCCIP mRNA expression was assessed in GC tissues(n=415)and normal tissues(n=34)using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.In an in-ternal cohort(n=36 for RT-qPCR;n=5 for Western blot;n=30 for immunohistochemistry),BCCIP expression at both mRNA and protein levels was examined in GC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues.Human GC cell lines AGS and HGC27 were cultured in vitro and treated with cisplatin in a dose(0,2,4,6,8 and 10 μmol/L)-and time(0,6,24 and 48 h)-dependent manner,followed by Western blot analysis of BCCIP expression.Stable BCCIP knockdown cell lines(shRNA#1 and shRNA#2 groups)were generated via lentiviral transfection,with empty vector-transfected cells serving as controls(vector group).Flow cytometry and colony formation assay were performed to evaluate the effects of BCCIP on apoptosis and colony-forming ability of GC cells treated with cisplatin.Western blot was utilized to detect the changes of BCCIP protein expression levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus of GC cells after cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L)treatment,as well as the effects of BCCIP on the expression of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3,and the activation of checkpoint kinase 1(CHK1)after cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L)treatment.Immunofluorescence was conducted to observe the effect of BCCIP on γ-H2AX expression in GC cells treated with cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L).RESULTS:The BCCIP expression was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues compared with normal tissues(P<0.01).Cisplatin induced up-regulation of BCCIP expression in a dose-and time-depen-dent manner.Knockdown of BCCIP significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis(P<0.01)and reduced colony-forming ability(P<0.05)of GC cells.Knockdown of BCCIP promoted the expression of γ-H2AX,but inhibited the activa-tion of CHK1 after cisplatin treatment,with increased protein levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Cisplatin promotes the expression of BCCIP in GC cells.BCCIP confers cisplatin resistance in GC cells by suppressing apoptosis through modulation of DNA damage response pathways.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of neurogenic bladder dysfunction(NB)in patients with spinal cord injury,and establish a risk prediction model of NB in patients with spinal cord injury by decision tree algorithm.Method Clinical data of 176 patients with spinal cord injury admitted from April 2022 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients with spinal cord injury were divided into disorder group and non-disorder group according to whether they were complicated by NB.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of NB.Modeler software was used to construct the decision tree model of spinal cord injury patients with concurrent NB,and the 5-fold cross-validation method was used to internally verify the model,and the prediction efficiency of the model was compared.Results Among 176 patients with spinal cord injury,42 patients had concurrent NB,the incidence of NB was 23.86%.Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of spinal cord injury(T10—L2),degree of spinal cord injury(complete injury),course of disease(≥6 months),bladder compliance(abnormal),urinary system infection(yes)and detrusor sphincter disorder(yes)were all independent risk factors for NB in patients with spinal cord injury(P<0.05).Probability forecasting model P=1/[1+e-(-6.008+0.791*X1+3.117*X2+1.492*X3+1.270*X4+1.516*X5+2.158*X6)],models to predict the overall accuracy is 80.5%;The prediction accuracy of the model is 71.7%through the cross-verification of 5 fold.Decision tree model showed that the degree of spinal cord injury had the greatest effect on the complication of NB in patients with spinal cord injury,and the information gain was 0.46.ROC results showed that the AUC values of NB predicted by the two models were close(0.873 vs.0.852,Z=0.875,P=0.469).Conclusion The level of spinal cord injury,degree of spinal cord injury,course of disease,bladder compliance,urinary system infection,detrusor sphincter disorder can all predict the risk of NB.The decision tree model constructed in this study can effectively predict the risk probability of NB in patients with spinal cord injury,and medical staff can make targeted plans according to the above factors to reduce the risk of NB.

AIM:To investigate the role of BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein(BCCIP)in gastric can-cer(GC)and elucidate its mechanism in mediating cisplatin resistance.METHODS:The BCCIP mRNA expression was assessed in GC tissues(n=415)and normal tissues(n=34)using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.In an in-ternal cohort(n=36 for RT-qPCR;n=5 for Western blot;n=30 for immunohistochemistry),BCCIP expression at both mRNA and protein levels was examined in GC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues.Human GC cell lines AGS and HGC27 were cultured in vitro and treated with cisplatin in a dose(0,2,4,6,8 and 10 μmol/L)-and time(0,6,24 and 48 h)-dependent manner,followed by Western blot analysis of BCCIP expression.Stable BCCIP knockdown cell lines(shRNA#1 and shRNA#2 groups)were generated via lentiviral transfection,with empty vector-transfected cells serving as controls(vector group).Flow cytometry and colony formation assay were performed to evaluate the effects of BCCIP on apoptosis and colony-forming ability of GC cells treated with cisplatin.Western blot was utilized to detect the changes of BCCIP protein expression levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus of GC cells after cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L)treatment,as well as the effects of BCCIP on the expression of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3,and the activation of checkpoint kinase 1(CHK1)after cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L)treatment.Immunofluorescence was conducted to observe the effect of BCCIP on γ-H2AX expression in GC cells treated with cisplatin(2.5 and 1.0 μmol/L).RESULTS:The BCCIP expression was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues compared with normal tissues(P<0.01).Cisplatin induced up-regulation of BCCIP expression in a dose-and time-depen-dent manner.Knockdown of BCCIP significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis(P<0.01)and reduced colony-forming ability(P<0.05)of GC cells.Knockdown of BCCIP promoted the expression of γ-H2AX,but inhibited the activa-tion of CHK1 after cisplatin treatment,with increased protein levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Cisplatin promotes the expression of BCCIP in GC cells.BCCIP confers cisplatin resistance in GC cells by suppressing apoptosis through modulation of DNA damage response pathways.

Embryonic stem cells have unlimited proliferative capacity, which may provide a source of tendon stem/progenitor cells for tissue engineering. Experts of International Science and Technology Collaborative Program of Ministry of Science and Technology have developed a protocol consensus on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into the tendon cells. The consensus recommends a protocol of two-step generation of human embryonic stem cells into tendon cells: the human embryonic stem cells are first differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells on different material surfaces; then with the scaffold-free tissue engineering tendon formed by high-density planting, the mesenchymal stem cells are induced into tendon cells under static or dynamic mechanical stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Tissue engineering tendon established in vitro by the protocol can be used as a model in toxicological analysis and safety evaluation of tendon-relevant small molecule compounds, medical materials and drugs.
Cell Differentiation ; Consensus ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Tendons ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering

SUMMARY Thehumanembryonicstemcells(hESCs)serveasaself-renewable,genetically-healthy, pluripotent and single source of all body cells,tissues and organs.Therefore,it is considered as the good standard for all human stem cells by US,Europe and international authorities.In this study,the standard and healthy human mesenchymal progenitors,ligament tissues,cardiomyocytes,keratinocytes,primary neurons,fibroblasts,and salivary serous cells were differentiated from hESCs.The human cellular health-safety of NaF,retinoic acid,5-fluorouracil,dexamethasone,penicillin G,adriamycin,lead ace-tate PbAc,bisphenol A-biglycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)were evaluated selectively on the standar-dized platforms of hESCs,hESCs-derived cardiomyocytes,keratinocytes,primary neurons,and fibro-blasts.The evaluations were compared with those on the currently most adopted cellular platforms.Parti-cularly,the sensitivity difference of PM2.5 toxicity on standardized and healthy hESCs derived fibroblasts, currently adopted immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2B and human umbilical vein endo-thelial cells (HUVECs)were evaluated.The results showed that the standardized hESCs cellular plat-forms provided more sensitivity and accuracy for human cellular health-safety evaluation.

OBJECTIVETo summarize operation key points, prevention and management of complications in vascularized autotransplantation of submandibular gland for treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

METHODS23 patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca were treated by this procedure. Postoperative (99m)Tc images, follow-up studies, and management of complications were performed.

RESULTSThe transplantations were successful in 19 cases, whose symptoms of xerophthalmia disappeared. The patients could stop applying artificial tears. In 4 patients the transplanted glands did not survive. Epiphora occurred in 5 cases. They were successfully treated by reducing the size of the graft. Obstruction of the Wharton's duct took place in one case and was treated by reconstructing the duct. When the superficial temporal vein was too small, venous bridging was applied. To select a relevant vein for anastomosis, blood oozing from the three veins was carefully inspected prior cutting off the gland when the external maxillary artery was preserved and was infused with heparin after the gland had been freed.

CONCLUSIONSIf every point has been properly managed, the successful rate of operation could be warranted.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Submandibular Gland ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To measure the distances among anatomic points of bony orbit of Chinese Han-nationality adults. Methods: Bony orbits were measured with the special measuring tools in 86 Chinese adults (62 males and 24 famales), and the results were statistically analysed. Results: Difference between the left and right obits was observed in orbital width, medial distance of superior orbital foramen a and inferior foramen a and c in males. Difference between bilateral orbits was also observed in orbital width and anterior distance of superior orbital fissure in females. Normal values of the distances of anatomic points of adult orbits were then calculated. Conclusion: Normal values of the distances of anatomic points of orbit of male and female adults are concluded.