BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation is a new way to prevent and cure intervertebral disc degeneration.However,whether the transplanted stem cells can survive,proliferate,differentiate,and restore the function of nucleus pulposus cells after transplantation,is the key and difficult point to overcome. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Bushenhuoxue decoction on survival,proliferation,and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS:A Transwell chamber was used to construct a co-culture model of human adipose-derived stem cells and human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells.The experiment was divided into control group,model group,drug-containing serum group,and drug-free serum group.Except for the control group,the co-culture system of other groups was treated with 50 μmol/L tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours.The drug-containing serum group and drug-free serum group were treated with DMEM low-glucose complete culture medium containing drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction or drug-free serum with 20％volume fraction for 48 hours.The sublayer adipose-derived stem cells were taken.Toluidine blue staining was used to detect proteoglycan synthesis levels.Real-time PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen,proteoglycan and SRY-box transcription factor 9.The protein expression of SOX9 was detected by western blot assay.Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to detect cytotoxicity.Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species,and β-galactosidase staining was used to detect cell senescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the proportion of necrotic cells in the model group increased;toluidine blue staining became lighter,and the expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen,proteoglycan,SOX9 mRNA and SOX9 protein decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction could significantly reduce cell injury and promote the expression of type Ⅱ collagen,proteoglycan,SOX9 mRNA,and SOX9 protein(P<0.05),but the improvement in the drug-free serum group was not significant(P>0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the contents of cytotoxicity,reactive oxygen species,and cell senescence in the model group were significantly increased.Compared with the model group,the microenvironment of the coculture system was significantly improved by drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction(P<0.05),while drug-free serum had no significant effect on the microenvironment of the co-culture system(P>0.05).(3)The results show that Bushenhuoxue decoction can promote the survival,proliferation,and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) between 2014 and 2021 and identify potential strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MMR in China. METHODS: Data on MMR was obtained from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System for the period from 2014 to 2021. Spatiotemporal distributions were analyzed using SaTScan; temporal trends were analyzed using JoinPoint; and clusters were visualized using ArcGIS. RESULTS: A total of 1,808,067 cases of MMR were reported from 2014 to 2021 in China's mainland, most of which were children and students under the age of 20. The incidence of measles declined during 2014-2021, whereas that of mumps and rubella peaked in 2019. MMR-reported cases generally peaked from March to July; however, high numbers of mumps cases were reported from September to November in 2020-2021. Measles and rubella clusters predominantly occurred in Western China, whereas clusters of mumps were generally found in the southern region. CONCLUSION The relatively heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics of MMR have highlighted the weaknesses and gaps in surveillance and timely control of MMR transmission in China's mainland. Real-time and intelligent monitoring data should be collected for evidence-based early interventions.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Measles/epidemiology* ; Child ; Mumps/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Rubella/epidemiology* ; Young Adult ; Infant ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Infant, Newborn

Objective    To investigate the clinical characteristics of thoracic esophageal-gastric cancer (TEGC) and the safety and effectiveness of secondary reconstruction of thoracic and gastrointestinal tract after esophageal and preventriculus cancer (esophagogastric junction) surgery. Methods    The clinical data of 353 patients with esophageal and preventriculus cancer who underwent endoscopic review from July 2007 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 31 (8.78%) patients with relapsed or recurrent TEGC were found, including 24 males and 7 females with a mean age of 58.5 years (range: 42 to 68 years). There were 18 (58.06%) patients of adenocarcinoma and 13 (41.94%) squamous cell carcinoma. All patients underwent TEGC resection and secondary reconstruction of thoracic gastrointestinal tract. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) and upper gastrointestinal imaging (GI) were performed during follow-up, and gastroscopy was performed for suspected patients. All the patients were followed-up till death or December 30, 2019. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival was analyzed using the log-rank test. Results    Thirty-one patients underwent thoracic esophagectomy and gastric cancer resection, and then reconstruction of the thoracic and gastrointestinal tract. Eight patients underwent residual gastroesophageal thoracic anastomosis, 13 patients colon esophagectomy, 6 patients jejunal esophagectomy (1 patient esophago-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis), and 4 patients cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. The mean operation time and intraoperative blood loss were 404.8 (340-475) min and 378.4 (180-620) mL. The postoperative complications ocurred in 4 patients, including 3 patients of pulmonary infection and 1 patient of cervical incision infection. The mean hospital stay was 17.1 (14-21) d. All patients were followed up, the median survival time of 11 patients in stage Ⅰ-ⅡA was 25 (19.8-35.0) months and 20 patients in stage ⅡB-ⅢA was 16 (12.5-19.5) months. There was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=7.840 8, P<0.01). Conclusion    Postoperative relapsed and recurrent TEGC occurs after the surgery for esophageal and preventriculus cancers, most of which are caused by metachronous gastric cancer or residual esophageal carcinoma recurrence which leads to invasion of the thoracic and gastric wall. Regular endoscopic review is the main method after operation. It is technically safe and feasible to reconstruct the thoracic and esophageal digestive tract in patients with TEGC after reoperation, which can benefit the survival of patients.

Objective:To discuss the reconstuctive strategy of the defect of anterior rectus fascia and rectus abdominus muscle in the clinical practice.Methods:Between November 2009 and Janurary 2020, clinical data of 24 female patients that underwent 29 anterior rectus fascia and rectus abdominus muscle reconstructions of defect were reviewed retrospectively. The median age was 42.5 years (range, 35-60 years), including 20 breast reconstructions, 2 pelvic reconstructions, 1 thoracic defect after tumor resection and 1 abdominal defect after tumor resection. According to the location and size of the anterior rectus fascia and rectus abdominus muscle defect, three reconstructive methods were applied: 6 direct clousres were applied if the width of defect was less than half of the anterior rectus fascia, 21 polypropylene mesh onlay reconstructions were applied for which the width of defect was or more than half of the anterior rectus fascia, and 2 direct suture closure were applied for the simple rectus abdominus muscle defect.Results:All the patients healed eventfully without abdominal wound complications, such as infection, hematoma, dehiscence. The patients were followed up for a median period of 30 months (range, 5-126 months). 1 patient died of breast cancer recurrence and matastasis at 36 months postoperatively. No patient developed a mesh infection or required mesh removal secondary to infection or foreign body reaction. There was no abdominal wall hernia, 1 patient developed abdominal bulge without further treatment because of no abdominal wall discomfort.Conclusions:The key of successful operation is different reconstructive methods applied to reconstruct the integrity and stability of abdominal wall, based on the location and size of the anterior rectus fascia and rectus abdominus muscle defect.

Objective:To investigate the effect and necessity of aesthetic suture techniques training in improving the suture quality of non-plastic surgeons.Methods:The well-planned aesthetic suture techniques training programs were run in non-plastic surgery senior residents and attending surgeons at Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. There were 120 senior residents and attending surgeons included (aged from 25-32 years, average 28.9 years, with 66 males and 54 females). Mixed teaching methods were used such as video shows, lectures, surgery live show and scenario simulation. Baseline tests were taken before the training. Suture quality tests were taken when the trainings came to the end. Self-assessments were carried out both before and after the trainings.Results:Eight rounds of aesthetic suture techniques training were accomplished and 120 trainees were included in all. One hundred and two trainees passed the test while eight failed, while 10 trainees were absent in some courses or the final test. The passing rate was 85.0%. The scales of suture tools and material selection, incision design, subcutaneous tissue suture quality, tension relaxation, aesthetic suture appearance, and flexibility of different suture techniques were sharply improved after the training in both subjective and objective assessments.Conclusions:The aesthetic suture techniques training is effective in improving the suture quality of non-plastic surgeons, which is worthy to generalize in resident training.

Objective:To study the clinical, imaging and genetic characteristics of two Chinese families with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).Methods:The clinical data of the two families found in our hospital in August 2016 and May 2018 were analyzed. All the members were investigated in detail, and the clinical and imaging data of the probands were analyzed. Blood samples were collected from 22 members of the two families and PABPN1 gene analysis was performed. Results:There were 4 patients in family 1 with four generations and 4 patients in family 2 with three generations. The two probands presented ptosis, dysphagia at the age of 50 and 55. The proband of family 1 also showed diplopia, amyotrophy, weakness of proximal limbs, neurogenic changes in electromyogram (EMG), muscle fibers with rimmed vacuoles in muscle pathology, aspiration pneumonia in chest CT, and brainstem symmetric white matter lesions in cranial MR imaging. The proband of family 2 also showed eye muscle paralysis and lateral limb weakness, myogenic changes in EMG, bilateral parietal and right frontal lacunar infarctions in cranial MR imaging. Analysis of PABPN1 gene showed that the repeated mutation of PABPN1 trinucleotide (GCN) in 2 families was amplified from normal (GCG) 6(GCA) 3(GCG) to (GCG) 6(GCA) 3(GCG) 2(GCA) 3(GCG). Conclusion:OPMD has clinical heterogenicity; symmetrical white matter lesions in the brainstem might be found in cranial MR imaging; Chinese patients with OPMD have PABPN1 gene mutation, specificly manifested as (GCG) 6(GCA) 3(GCG) 2(GCA) 3(GCG) repeat mutations.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of dual-pedicle abdominal flap for unilateral breast reconstruction. Methods: Between March 2014 and March 2018, a clinical data of 19 female patients underwent dual-pedicle abdominal flap reconstruction because of unilateral mastectomy defect was reviewed retrospectively. The median age was 45 years (range, 32-51 years), including 3 immediate breast reconstruction and 16 delayed breast reconstruction, and left side in 7 cases and right side in 12 cases. Unilateral breast reconstruction were performed for 8 patients with unilateral pedicle transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap and contralateral free TRAM flap, for 3 patients with pedicle TRAM flap and contralateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, for 7 patients with bilateral DIEP flaps, for 1 patient with free muscle-sparing TRAM flap and contralateral DIEP flap. The size of abdominal flap ranged from 24 cm×7 cm to 43 cm×13 cm. The donor sites were closed directly. Results: Vascular crisis ocuurred in 1 flap and relieved after surgical exploration. The other flaps survived. Poor wound healing in abdominal incision occurred in 1 patient and was successfully treated with debridement. The other donor sites healed without any other complication. The patients were followed up with a median period of 12 months (range, 4-42 months). Four patients received reparative operation of their reconstructive breast, and 2 patients received mamopexy of the contralateral breast due to mastoptosis. The abdominal BREAST-Q score was 84.1±11.7, chest score was 86.5±8.9, and breast score was 67.6±16.4 at last follow-up. Conclusion: The dual-pedicle abdominal flap for unilateral breast reconstruction provides adequate soft tissue volume and good blood supply. It is a reliable and effective breast reconstructive method for patients who need large tissue volume to make symmetric with the contralateral breast, or slim patients with few tissue in the donor site, or patients with scars in the donor site, especially vertical abdominal scars.

Objective: This is a study to evaluate complication rate, satisfaction and quality of life after breast reconstruction under different classifications. The classification criteria are the timing of operation, surgical procedures, and patients′age. Methods: By reviewing the surgical cases from August 2004 to June 2018, the authors summarized the data of 102 patients with breast reconstruction of the same surgeon in Peking University People′s Hospital and Plastic Surgery Hospital (Institute) CAMS PUMC. Fifty-four patients who met the inclusion criteria and completed the BREAST-Q breast reconstruction module scale, were divided into immediate group or delayed group, according to the timing of operation; divided into abdomen group or other procedures group, according to the surgical procedure; and divided into the young patients′group or senior patients′group according to age. The index were (1) postoperative complication rate, (2)satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being, physical well-being of chest and abdomen, sexual well-being, satisfaction with outcome, satisfaction with information, satisfaction with care (based on the BREAST-Q scale). Results: Complication rate was 9.1%(1/11) in the immediate group, 16.3%(7/43) in the delayed group, 14.7%(5/34) in the abdomen group, 15.0%(3/20) in other procedures group, 13.6%(3/22) in the young patients′group, and 15.6%(5/32) in the senior patients′group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications (P>0.05). The postoperative scores of satisfaction with breasts, psychological well-being and sexual well-being were significantly higher in the immediate group than in the delayed group(P=0.026, P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). The score of postoperative physical well-being of chest was significantly higher in the abdomen group than other procedures group(P=0.020). The score physical well-being of abdomen was lower compared with the preoperative in the abdomen group (P<0.001). The score of physical well-being of abdomen was lower in the senior patients′group than that of the young patients′group (P=0.010). Conclusions The complication incidence of breast reconstruction patients was similar among different groups. The breast reconstruction surgery can significantly improve satisfaction and quality of life of patients. To some extent, immediate breast reconstruction can reduce the psychological and physiological effects of breast loss on patients, leading to higher postoperative satisfaction. Breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps can provide patients with better chest health but poor abdomen health. Although elderly patients undergoing breast reconstruction will have poor physical well-being of abdomen, they can still achieve higher satisfaction of operation.

Objective: To introduce the experience in skin and soft tissue defects reconstruction using Pacman flap. Methods: From April 2015 to April 2018, clinical data of 18 patients using Pacman flap for soft tissue defect repair were reviewed. They were 8 males and 10 females, aged from 18 to 87 years (median age of 60 years). Eight patients had benign lesions, but 10 patients had malignant tumors. The defects were on face (n=12), trunk (n=3), and limbs (n=3). The size of tissue defects ranged from 0.9 cm×0.9 cm to 10.0 cm×9.0 cm. The flap was designed along edge of the defect. Two proximal triangular flap were separated, and sutured in contraposition. The rest of the flap was advanced to cover the defect. Results: The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 20 months (median time of 9 months). All flap survived without necrosis. Hematoma occurred in 2 patients, were healed after debridement. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes. Conclusions The technique of Pacman flap is a simple and effective method to repair the skin and soft tissue defects.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effects of non-weight-bearing area osteotomy of anterior lateral tibial condyle in treating posterior-lateral condyle fracture of tibial plateau.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 24 cases of posterior-lateral condyle fracture of tibial plateau treated by osteotomy of anterior lateral tibial condyle in this hospital from December 2012 to December 2015,including 15 males and 9 females,aged 26-59 years old with an average age of 42.2 years old.Fracture Schatker classification:type Ⅱ in 16 cases,type Ⅴ in 3 cases and type Ⅵ in 5 cases.All 24 cases adopted surgical treatment via the approach of anterior lateral tibial condyle.During operation,the non-bearing area of lateral tibial condyle was cut to expose and reset the posterior-lateral fractured condyle and fix it with lateral raft steel plate.At the time of last follow-up,the recovery of the knee joint function was evaluated according to the knee scoring system of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in USA.Results Twenty-four patients were postoperatively followed up for 12-24 months,with an average of 13.1 months.The Rasmussen score for the postoperative immediate fracture reduction quality averaged (17.3 ± 0.8)points;there were 19 cases of excellent results and 5 cases of good results,with the excellent and good rate of 100 ％.Twenty-four cases had no incision infection,no internal fixation loosening or breakage.The X ray film showed that the fracture got healing,and the average healing time was (13.1 ± 1.1) weeks(12-15 weeks).No surgery related complications including blood vessel and nerve damage occurred;2 cases appeared small area of superficial necrosis at the edge of the posterior incision,which was healed after dressing.At the last follow-up,the HSS knee score was(93.0±6.4) points,excellent in 19 cases,good in 4 cases,and fair in 1 case,with the excellent and good rate of 95.8％.Conclusion For the patients with posterior-lateral condyle fracture of tibial platform,non-weight-bearing area osteotomy approach of lateral tibial condyle allows enough space to directly expose the fracture area and carry out operation;combined with lateral raft locking steel plate fixation is more reliableto fixthe fractured bone,with convenient operation positioning,good postoperative functional recovery,fewer complications,and satisfied curative effects.