Uveitis is a blinding inflammatory disease that affects multiple structures within the eye, posing significant risks to patients' vision and mental health. Current treatments mainly involve glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, which are associated with significant side effects, high relapse rates, and substantial costs. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in the development of uveitis through the gut-eye axis, with related metabolites also influencing disease progression. Modulating the gut microbiota or its metabolites could offer new therapeutic avenues for uveitis. This review explores the relationship between gut microbiota and various uveitis-associated diseases, such as systemic sarcoidosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet's disease, multiple sclerosis, and birdshot chorioretinopathy. It also discusses advancements in microbiota-related therapies, including probiotics and prebiotics, antibiotics, immunomodulators, phage therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of new therapies targeting specific microbial communities and genetic markers associated with uveitis, thereby promoting the realization of precision medicine.

Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as the age-standardized rates of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyze the characteristics of the pertussis disease burden, and the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in pertussis disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of pertussis in China decreased from 1 503 800 cases, 10 951 deaths, and 954 900 person-years to 65 400 cases, 548 deaths, and 46 500 person-years, representing a decrease of 95.65%, 95.00%, and 95.13%, respectively. The corresponding age-standardized rates also decreased by 93.58%, 92.47%, and 92.53%, respectively. The Joinpoint regression model revealed a significant downward trend in the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates for pertussis (AAPCs were -8.32%, -9.65%, and -9.58%, respectively, P<0.001). The disease burden was slightly higher in females than in males, with the majority of cases occurring in children under 10 years old, particularly in infants under 1 year old, where the burden was the heaviest. As age increased, the disease burden decreased. Conclusion Between 1990 and 2021, the overall disease burden of pertussis in China showed a significant downward trend, with gender and age differences. Special attention should be given on the prevention and control of pertussis in children under 10 years old, especially in infants under 1 year old.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a rapid and comprehensive evaluation of commonly used oral dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers （DHP CCBs） in Guangxi， and provide scientific basis for clinical medication and drug selection in medical institutions. METHODS Based on the actual drug use data of public medical institutions at the second level and above in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， and based on the national centralized collection catalog， commonly used oral DHP CCBs were selected. The Professional Committee of Evidence-based Pharmacy of the Guangxi Pharmaceutical Association organized relevant experts from multiple medical institutions in the region to conduct a quantitative scoring of the selected oral DHP CCBs from five key dimensions of pharmaceutical characteristics， effectiveness， safety， economy， and other attributes， by referring to the Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions （the Second Edition）， combined with the latest evidence-based medical research results， and widely soliciting suggestions from clinical and pharmaceutical experts. Finally， the Guangxi Expert Consensus on Rapid Comprehensive Evaluation of Oral Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease was formulated. RESULTS A total of 30 commonly used oral DHP CCBs were selected. Among them， Amlodipine besylate tablets （Huizhi） demonstrated superior comprehensive performance （81.79 points）， excelling particularly in pharmaceutical properties， effectiveness and other attributes. The compound scores of Amlodipine besylate tablets （Chongqing Yaoyou） and Amlodipine besylate tablets （Suzhou Dongrui） ranked second and third respectively， with scores of 81.66 and 81.60 points. CONCLUSIONS This consensus can provide guidance and decision-making support for the rational clinical application of oral DHP CCBs in Guangxi Region and the selection of drug directories in medical institutions.

Objective: To explore the comorbidity and associated factors of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention strategies. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 178 700 students from the fourth grade of primary school to the third year of high school in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September to November 2023, including physical examination, oral screening, and questionnaire survey. Chisquare tests and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the related factors of the cooccurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among students. Results: The comorbidity rate of dental caries and overweight/obesity was 9.55%, with urban areas (9.95%) higher than rural counties (9.24%), boys (10.54%) higher than girls (8.54%), primary school students (11.49%) higher than senior high school students (8.92%) and junior high school students (8.05%), and nonboarding students (11.44%) higher than boarding students (7.94%), and all differences were statistically significant (χ2=26.07, 207.91, 471.54, 629.14,P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that consuming cereal for breakfast (OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.88-0.94), drinking milk in the past week (OR=0.89, 95%CI=0.83-0.95), meeting sleep standards (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91-0.99), and brushing teeth at least once a day (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.73-0.93) had a lower risk of the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity. In contrast, drinking beverages in the past week (OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.09-1.20), consuming fried foods in the past week (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.06-1.17), eating fruit ≥1 time every day (OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.02-1.11), consuming fruit ≥1 type every day (OR=1.07, 95%CI=1.01-1.12), and having fish, poultry, meat, or eggbased breakfasts (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.05-1.13) had a higher risk of the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity (P<0.05). Conclusions Dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi. Guiding students to form healthy living habits is helpful to preven dental caries and overweight/obesity.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms associated with Mahoniae Caulis alkaloids （MA） in ameliorating depression by network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experiments. MethodsThe component targets of MA were obtained through Swiss Target Prediction and TCMIP database. The depression targets were collected through TCMIP， Genecards， HPO， DrugBank and OMIM database. The depression targets were collected through TCMIP， Genecards， HPO， DrugBank and OMIM database. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by protein interaction analysis （STRING） database. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses were performed through Bioinformatics （DAVID） database. The docking of components and targets was performed by AGFR. The mouse model of depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of corticosterone （CORT） once a day for 35 consecutive days. Sixty mice were randomly allocated into control （0.9% normal saline）， model （CORT， 20 mg·kg^-1）， positive control （fluoxetine hydrochloride， 3.6 mg·kg^-1）， and MA （10， 5， and 2.5 mg·kg^-1） groups. Each group was administrated with corresponding medicine or normal saline once a day for 28 consecutive days. The depression-like behavior of mice was observed. The pathological changes of prefrontal cortex in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP transferase nick end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to observe the apoptosis of neurons in the prefrontal cortex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to assess the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， dopamine （DA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， and norepinephrine （NE） in mice. The mRNA levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） pathway-related factors and inflammatory factors were determined by Real-time PCR. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of cAMP pathway-related factors and connexin 43 （Cx43）. ResultsA total of 434 component targets and 545 depression targets were obtained， including 84 common targets， among which 10 core targets were screened out. GO analysis predicted 34 biological processes， 15 cell components， and 11 molecular functions. The KEGG pathways were mainly related to gap junction and cAMP signaling pathway. The core components had good binding affinity with the core targets. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group， CORT prolonged the immobility time of mice in forced swimming and tail suspension tests （P<0.01）， lowered the serum levels of NE， BDNF， and 5-HT （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the brain tissue （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate effector binding protein （CREB） and BDNF （P<0.05） and the protein levels of protein kinase （PRKACA）， phosphorylation （p）-CREB/CREB， BDNF， and Cx43 （P<0.05） in the brain tissue. Compared with the model group， high-dose MA reduced the immobility time of mice in forced swimming （P<0.05） and tail suspension （P<0.01） tests， raised the serum levels of NE， BDNF， and 5-HT （P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA level of BDNF （P<0.01） and protein levels of PRKACA， p-CREB/CREB， BDNF， and Cx43 （P<0.05）. ConclusionMA alleviates the CORT-induced depressive behavior of mice. It may play an antidepressant role by regulating cAMP signaling pathway and gap junction pathway， improving synaptic plasticity and gap junction function， and reducing neuroinflammation.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms associated with Mahoniae Caulis alkaloids （MA） in ameliorating depression by network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experiments. MethodsThe component targets of MA were obtained through Swiss Target Prediction and TCMIP database. The depression targets were collected through TCMIP， Genecards， HPO， DrugBank and OMIM database. The depression targets were collected through TCMIP， Genecards， HPO， DrugBank and OMIM database. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by protein interaction analysis （STRING） database. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses were performed through Bioinformatics （DAVID） database. The docking of components and targets was performed by AGFR. The mouse model of depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of corticosterone （CORT） once a day for 35 consecutive days. Sixty mice were randomly allocated into control （0.9% normal saline）， model （CORT， 20 mg·kg^-1）， positive control （fluoxetine hydrochloride， 3.6 mg·kg^-1）， and MA （10， 5， and 2.5 mg·kg^-1） groups. Each group was administrated with corresponding medicine or normal saline once a day for 28 consecutive days. The depression-like behavior of mice was observed. The pathological changes of prefrontal cortex in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP transferase nick end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to observe the apoptosis of neurons in the prefrontal cortex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to assess the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， dopamine （DA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， and norepinephrine （NE） in mice. The mRNA levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） pathway-related factors and inflammatory factors were determined by Real-time PCR. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of cAMP pathway-related factors and connexin 43 （Cx43）. ResultsA total of 434 component targets and 545 depression targets were obtained， including 84 common targets， among which 10 core targets were screened out. GO analysis predicted 34 biological processes， 15 cell components， and 11 molecular functions. The KEGG pathways were mainly related to gap junction and cAMP signaling pathway. The core components had good binding affinity with the core targets. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group， CORT prolonged the immobility time of mice in forced swimming and tail suspension tests （P<0.01）， lowered the serum levels of NE， BDNF， and 5-HT （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the brain tissue （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate effector binding protein （CREB） and BDNF （P<0.05） and the protein levels of protein kinase （PRKACA）， phosphorylation （p）-CREB/CREB， BDNF， and Cx43 （P<0.05） in the brain tissue. Compared with the model group， high-dose MA reduced the immobility time of mice in forced swimming （P<0.05） and tail suspension （P<0.01） tests， raised the serum levels of NE， BDNF， and 5-HT （P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA level of BDNF （P<0.01） and protein levels of PRKACA， p-CREB/CREB， BDNF， and Cx43 （P<0.05）. ConclusionMA alleviates the CORT-induced depressive behavior of mice. It may play an antidepressant role by regulating cAMP signaling pathway and gap junction pathway， improving synaptic plasticity and gap junction function， and reducing neuroinflammation.

Elimination of malaria is one of important global public health targets. Malaria was once highly prevalent in China; however, China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021 following decades of integrated control efforts. As an effective intervention, health education plays a critical role during the progress towards elimination of malaria in China, which remarkably increases the public awareness and action capability of malaria prevention and control knowledge. In addition, health education is of great significance to reduce the risk of re-establishment of imported malaria following disease elimination in the country. This article reviews the application of community-based and school-based health education, health education activities targeting entry-exit personnel and healthcare workers, and diversified media propagation in the progress towards elimination of malaria in China, so as to provide insights into formulation of malaria control strategy during the post-elimination stage in the country.

BACKGROUND: The sirtuin family is well recognized for its crucial involvement in various cellular processes. Nevertheless, studies on its role in the human endometrium are limited. This study aimed to explore the expression and localization of the sirtuin family in the human endometrium, focusing on sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and its potential role in the oxidative imbalance of the endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Endometrial specimens were collected from both patients with PCOS and controls undergoing hysteroscopy at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, from July to August 2015 and used for cell culture. The protective effects of SIRT3 were investigated, and the mechanism of SIRT3 in improving endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS was determined using various techniques, including cellular bioenergetic analysis, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) silencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: The sirtuin family was widely expressed in the human endometrium, with SIRT3 showing a significant increase in expression in patients with PCOS compared with controls ( P <0.05), as confirmed by protein and gene assays. Concurrently, endometrial antioxidant levels were elevated, while mitochondrial respiratory capacity was reduced, in patients with PCOS ( P <0.05). An endometrial oxidative stress (OS) model revealed that the downregulation of SIRT3 impaired the growth and proliferation status of endometrial cells and reduced their receptivity to day 4 mouse embryos. The results suggested that SIRT3 might be crucial in maintaining normal cellular state by regulating antioxidants, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, thereby contributing to enhanced endometrial receptivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings proposed a significant role of SIRT3 in improving endometrial receptivity in patients with PCOS by alleviating OS and regulating the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 could be a promising target for predicting and improving endometrial receptivity in this patient population.
Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism* ; Endometrium/metabolism* ; Sirtuin 3/genetics* ; Oxidative Stress/genetics* ; Adult ; Animals ; Mice ; Apoptosis/physiology* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell Proliferation/physiology*

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the pathogen dynamics of influenza in Beihai over the past ten years, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures. MethodsData for influenza cases, pathogen surveillance, and population statistics from 2014‒2023 were obtained from China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The analyses of epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of influenza were performed using Joinpoint 5.0, DeoDa 1.22 and SaTScan 10.1.3 software. ResultsThe average annual incidence of influenza was 254.53/100 000 in Beihai from 2014 to 2023,displaying an overall upward trend (APC=81.49%， P<0.001). Spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning results indicated that the main cluster of influenza cases was mainly located in Haicheng District. Spatiotemporal scanning results revealed that the peak periods of influenza onset were primarily from December to January of the following year, followed by June and March to April. The highest incidence of influenza was observed in 5‒9 years old group (1 289.66/100 000), followed by 0‒4 years old group (991.72/100 000). The majority of cases were students (44.24%), followed by kindergarten children (26.08%). The highest positive subtype proportion of influenza was A/H3N2 (42.01%), followed by A/H1N1 (24.96%) and B/Victoria (23.50%), while the lowest positive subtype proportion of influenza was B/Yamagata (9.33%). The risk of influenza virus positivity in winter, spring and summer was 4.70 times, 4.74 times, and 2.14 times, respectively, compared to that for autumn, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The dominant subtypes were A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 in 2019, 2022 and 2023. ConclusionThe overall incidence of influenza showed an upward trend in Beihai from 2014 to 2023. Continuous enhancement of influenza surveillance is necessary. It is suggested that relevant departments should carry out targeted publicity work to promote knowledge on influenza prevention and control and conduct influenza vaccination for populations in key places, such as schools and childcare institutions to prevent influenza outbreaks and epidemics of influenza.

AIM: To explore the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A combined with olopatadine eye drops in treating allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease.METHODS: A total of 63 patients(63 eyes)with allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from August 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into control group(n=33)and observation group(n=30). The patients of the control group were administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI), total ocular symptom score(TOSS), conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, Schirmer I test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH), meibomian gland secretion ability and property score, meibomian gland loss area score, corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), tear film break-up time(BUT), noninvasive first tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), noninvasive average tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)before and after treatment and the drug safety during the treatment period of both groups of patients were evaluated.RESULTS: After treatment, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, SⅠt, TMH, meibomian gland secretion ability score and property score, CFS, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav of the observation group showed improvements compared with those before treatment(all P<0.017). Among these, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav demonstrated significant improvement compared with the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in meibomian gland loss area score between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). During the treatment period, there were no local or systemic adverse reactions.CONCLUSION: The combined use of 0.05% cyclosporine A and olopatadine eye drops can significantly improve ocular discomfort symptoms of patients with dry eye disease associated with allergic conjunctivitis, such as red eyes, itchy eyes and foreign body sensation, promote tear film stability and have high safety.