Objective To report a case of urethral stricture, bladder stones and right ureteral stones in a patient with bilateral lower limb paralysis treated with innovative ureteral flexible endoscopic lithotripsy through cystostomy, so as to provide a new therapeutic approach for such complex cases.Case Report The patient, a 63-year-old male, was admitted due to fever for 45 days.He had been paraplegic in both lower limbs for 19 years and underwent cystostomy 2 years ago at another hospital. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed right ureteral calculi complicated with multiple bladder stones.After adequate anti-infective therapy, cystoscopy was performed, during which complete posterior urethral atresia was identified.A flexible ureteral lithotripsy via the cystostomy site was successfully completed, with favorable therapeutic outcomes.On day 23 postoperatively, a follow-up plain radiograph of the urinary tract showed that the ureteral stent was in good position, with only a small number of residual stones in the prostatic fossa and no other stone remnants.Conclusion This provides a novel minimally invasive treatment approach for ureteral stones in patients who cannot undergo ureteroscopic intervention.

Background::Given the established genetic linkage between triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an expanding research body has delved into the intricate role of TREM2 within the AD context. However, a conflicting landscape of outcomes has emerged from both in vivo and in vitro investigations. This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted nuances and gain a clearer comprehension of the role of TREM2. Methods::PubMed database was searched spanning from its inception to January 2022. The search criteria took the form of ( "Alzheimer’s disease" OR "AD" ) AND ( "transgenic mice model" OR "transgenic mouse model" ) AND ( "Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells" OR "TREM2" ). Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) publication of original studies in English; (2) utilization of transgenic mouse models for AD research; and (3) reports addressing the subject of TREM2.Results::A total of 43 eligible articles were identified. Our analysis addresses four pivotal queries concerning the interrelation of TREM2 with microglial function, Aβ accumulation, tau pathology, and inflammatory processes. However, the diverse inquiries posed yielded inconsistent responses. Nevertheless, the inconsistent roles of TREM2 within these AD mouse models potentially hinge upon factors such as age, sex, brain region, model type, and detection methodologies.Conclusions::This review substantiates the evolving understanding of TREM2’s disease progression-dependent impacts. Furthermore, it reviews the interplay between TREM2 and its effects across diverse tissues and temporal stages.