Objective:To analyze the characteristics and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden attributable to non-optimal temperature in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to extract indicators including death numbers, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate for COPD due to non-optimal temperature in China and globally. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze temporal trends and identify inflection points. Disease burden distribution characteristics were analyzed by gender and age groups. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Results:Compared with 1990, in 2021 the global ASMR and DALY rate for COPD decreased by 44.59% and 50.02%, respectively, while China saw larger reductions of 69.61% and 72.57%. However, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs increased globally by 31.55% and 12.23%, respectively; in China, the number of deaths remained stable while DALYs decreased by 21.59%. The Joinpoint regression model showed statistically significant differences in trend inflection points between China and the world. The disease burden was higher in males than in females and was significantly higher in people aged≥65 years. The projected burden of COPD mortality and DALYs due to non-optimal temperature is expected to continue rising in both China and the world from 2022 to 2035. By 2035, China′s ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to increase to 21.32/100 000 and 284.68/100 000, respectively, and the global ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to rise to 7.88/100 000 and 122.16/100 000.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, the burden of COPD due to non-optimal temperature showed a declining trend in both China and globally, but the absolute burden continued to rise, particularly among elderly males and advanced age populations. The burden in both China and globally is projected to continue increasing through 2035, with a higher growth rate in China than globally.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden attributable to non-optimal temperature in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to extract indicators including death numbers, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate for COPD due to non-optimal temperature in China and globally. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze temporal trends and identify inflection points. Disease burden distribution characteristics were analyzed by gender and age groups. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Results:Compared with 1990, in 2021 the global ASMR and DALY rate for COPD decreased by 44.59% and 50.02%, respectively, while China saw larger reductions of 69.61% and 72.57%. However, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs increased globally by 31.55% and 12.23%, respectively; in China, the number of deaths remained stable while DALYs decreased by 21.59%. The Joinpoint regression model showed statistically significant differences in trend inflection points between China and the world. The disease burden was higher in males than in females and was significantly higher in people aged≥65 years. The projected burden of COPD mortality and DALYs due to non-optimal temperature is expected to continue rising in both China and the world from 2022 to 2035. By 2035, China′s ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to increase to 21.32/100 000 and 284.68/100 000, respectively, and the global ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to rise to 7.88/100 000 and 122.16/100 000.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, the burden of COPD due to non-optimal temperature showed a declining trend in both China and globally, but the absolute burden continued to rise, particularly among elderly males and advanced age populations. The burden in both China and globally is projected to continue increasing through 2035, with a higher growth rate in China than globally.

Although no cross protection was observed between different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),there were cross-reactivity between different serotypes of antibodies produced after vaccination,the aim of this paper was to prepare the neutralizing monoclonal anti-body against Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)serotype O,and to develop the method to dis-tinguish antibody against FMDV serotype O and A based on mAb.The inactivated FMDV serotype O was used as antigen in mAb production,a series of GST fusion overlapping peptides and trun-cated peptides expressed in Escherichia coli were used to identify antigenic epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies.In order to verify feasibility of the screened monoclonal antibodies in diag-nosis,20 positive serum of FMDV serotype O and A,20 negative serum with known background were detected by blocking ELISA.Results were as follows:five monoclonal antibodies were suc-cessfully screened.The five monoclonal antibodies showed good reactivity with FMDV serotype O,but did not react with FMDV serotype A by Western blot and IFA,these mAbs showed neutrali-zing ability to FMDV/O/MY98/GZBY/2013 by VNT.The same epitope was identified by five monoclonal antibodies,the minimum epitope was145 RGDLQVLA152,Arg145 and Gln149 were key a-mino acids of the epitope.Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were conserved among most of O type FMDV strains,but Gln149 was mutated among all A,Asia 1 and SAT1-3 type FMDV strains.The mAb-8C5D3 distinguished between antibody of FMDV serotype O and FMDV serotype A by blocking ELISA.The results provided materials for development of O type FMDV antibody detection kit and evaluation of vaccine immune effect.

Although no cross protection was observed between different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),there were cross-reactivity between different serotypes of antibodies produced after vaccination,the aim of this paper was to prepare the neutralizing monoclonal anti-body against Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)serotype O,and to develop the method to dis-tinguish antibody against FMDV serotype O and A based on mAb.The inactivated FMDV serotype O was used as antigen in mAb production,a series of GST fusion overlapping peptides and trun-cated peptides expressed in Escherichia coli were used to identify antigenic epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies.In order to verify feasibility of the screened monoclonal antibodies in diag-nosis,20 positive serum of FMDV serotype O and A,20 negative serum with known background were detected by blocking ELISA.Results were as follows:five monoclonal antibodies were suc-cessfully screened.The five monoclonal antibodies showed good reactivity with FMDV serotype O,but did not react with FMDV serotype A by Western blot and IFA,these mAbs showed neutrali-zing ability to FMDV/O/MY98/GZBY/2013 by VNT.The same epitope was identified by five monoclonal antibodies,the minimum epitope was145 RGDLQVLA152,Arg145 and Gln149 were key a-mino acids of the epitope.Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were conserved among most of O type FMDV strains,but Gln149 was mutated among all A,Asia 1 and SAT1-3 type FMDV strains.The mAb-8C5D3 distinguished between antibody of FMDV serotype O and FMDV serotype A by blocking ELISA.The results provided materials for development of O type FMDV antibody detection kit and evaluation of vaccine immune effect.

Objective:To analyze the status of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) management in 10 hospitals in Northwest China over the past five years and to investigate the strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of RDS.Methods:This retrospective study involved premature infants with RDS who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of 10 hospitals (six in Shaanxi Province, three in Gansu Province, and one in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) of the Northwest China Neonatal Collaborative Group within 3 d after birth from January 1 to December 31, 2016, and from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Basic information, perinatal condition, treatment approaches, complications, and prognosis of the patients were compared. T-test, rank sum, and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Result:(1) This study enrolled 322 premature infants with RDS in 2016 and 349 in 2021. Premature infants at the gestational age of 30 to 33 weeks were mainly affected, and the majority were male [64.3% (207/322) and 57.3% (200/349)]. The average maternal age in 2021 was older than that in 2016 [(30.6±4.8) years vs (28.6±5.4) years, t=24.02, P<0.001], and the proportion of women at advanced maternal age was also higher in 2021 [19.2% (67/349) vs 12.4% (40/322), χ2=4.18, P<0.05]. (2) The proportions of pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technologies [11.7% (41/349) vs 1.9% (6/322), χ2=25.12], underwent routine prenatal examinations [58.5% (204/349) vs 30.4% (98/322), χ2=53.33], exposed to steroids [62.2% (217/349) vs 28.6% (92/322), χ2=82.58] and delivered by cesarean section or elective cesarean section [73.6% (257/349) vs 51.6% (166/322), χ2=35.06; 24.1% (84/349) vs 6.5% (21/322), χ2=39.07], as well as the ratio of cesarean scar pregnancy [7.4% (26/349) vs 3.4% (11/322), χ2=5.23] were all higher in 2021 than those in 2016 (all P<0.05). Moreover, the incidence of fetal distress [30.1% (105/349) vs 20.2% (65/322), χ2=8.68], gestational hypertension [24.6% (86/349) vs 13.0% (42/322), χ2=14.59], premature rupture of membranes [16.0% (56/349) vs 10.2% (33/322), χ2=4.89], meconium-stained amniotic fluid [12.6% (44/349) vs 5.6% (18/322), χ2=9.83], placental abruption [10.3% (36/349) vs 5.3% (17/322), χ2=5.84], gestational diabetes mellitus [10.3% (36/349) vs 1.6%(5/322), χ2=22.41], chorioamnionitis [4.6%(16/349) vs 0.9% (3/322), χ2=8.12], thyroid dysfunction [4.3% (15/349) vs 0.6% (2/322), χ2=7.88] and heart disease [4.3% (15/349) vs 0.3% (1/322), χ2=9.17] were higher in 2021 than in 2016 (all P<0.05). (3) In 2021, the rate of pulmonary surfactant (PS) usage, the dosage of porcine PS, and the proportion of bovine PS usage were all significantly higher than those in 2016 [73.6% (257/349) vs 67.1% (216/322), χ2=11.62; (178.5±38.0) mg/kg vs (165.2±42.8) mg/kg, t=7.85; 47.9% (123/257) vs 19.4% (42/216), χ2=41.72; all P<0.01]. No significant difference in the incidence of intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE), early PS administration (≤2 h after birth), or the arterial blood gas values before and after PS treatment was found between the cases enrolled in 2021 and 2016. The duration of antibiotic treatment [7.0 d (5.0-14.0 d) vs 5.0 d (1.0-8.0 d), Z=7.55] and assisted ventilation [144 h (81-264 h) vs 73 h (47-134 h), Z=8.20] and the median hospital stay [24 d(14-42 d) vs 16 d (10-25 d), Z=6.74] were significantly longer in 2021 than in 2016 (all P<0.01). More patients required nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation [29.6% (100/338) vs 1.0% (3/306), χ2=97.81] and conventional ventilation [42.6% (144/338) vs 30.1% (92/306), χ2=10.87] in 2021 as compared with those five years ago (both P<0.01). (4) In 2021, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus [15.5% (54/349) vs 6.2% (20/322), χ2=63.40], bronchopulmonary dysplasia [9.2% (32/349) vs 2.8% (9/322), χ2=12.88], persistent pulmonary hypertension [5.4% (19/349) vs 0.6% (2/322), χ2=12.85], periventricular leukomalacia [4.3% (15/349) vs 1.2% (4/322), χ2=7.52] and pneumothorax [3.4% (12/349) vs 0.3% (1/322), χ2=9.68] increased as compared with those in 2016 (all P<0.05), while the incidence of nosocomial infection decreased significantly [7.4% (26/349) vs 19.6% (63/322), χ2=21.37, P<0.001]. (5) The cure rate of premature infants with RDS was 70.8% (247/349) in 2021, which was significantly higher than that in 2016 [56.2% (181/322), χ2=15.37, P<0.001]. Moreover, the rate of withdrawing treatment and the total mortality rate was lower in 2021 than in 2016 [7.7% (27/349) vs 14.3% (46/322), χ2=7.41; in-hospital: 1.4% (5/349) vs 5.6% (18/322), χ2=8.74; out of hospital: 8.3% (29/349) vs 13.7% (44/322), χ2=4.96; all P<0.05]. Conclusions:The clinical management of RDS in premature infants in the involved hospitals has been improved. However, there is room for improvement in prenatal examinations.

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide epidemic, which poses a great threat to the global healthcare system. Based on review of publications pertaining to T2DM health management in urban communities, this article focuses on the health management models of T2DM in foreign urban communities, including insurance companies and medical institutions, self-management plans, community management, community and home hybrid services, artificial intelligence + big data management, social media and online community management, precision health management, and proposes suggestions for T2DM health management in Chinese urban communities based on currently available national management models, including increasing the standardization of the management level, improving the supporting facilities of professional talents, mobilizing social forces to support, improving the scientific and technological level of management tools, strengthening the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and exploring novel personalized models, so as to provide insights into promoting the sustainable development of T2DM health management in Chinese urban communities.

Objective:To explore the dance movement therapy on nutritional status and muscle strength in older patients with sarcopenia.Methods:A total of 35 older sarcopenia patients from May 2019 to April 2020 in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were enrolled as the intervention group with dance movement therapy; another 35 older sarcopenia patients from May 2018 to April 2019 were selected as control group with routine exercise intervention. Nutritional indicators and muscle strength were compared between two groups on admission, at 1, 3, 6 months after intervention.Results:At 3, 6 months after intervention, hemoglobin and body mass index were (124.10 ± 16.59) g/L, (128.33 ± 14.50) g/L and (21.40 ± 1.87) kg/m 2, (21.40 ± 1.87) kg/m 2 in the intervention group, higher than in the control group (116.03 ± 12.23) g/L, (120.09 ± 11.34) g/L and (20.03 ± 1.93) kg/m 2, (19.97 ± 1.99) kg/m 2. The differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.17-2.84, all P<0.05). At 6 months after intervention, serum albumin was (33.73 ± 5.23) g/L in the intervention group, significantly higher than that in the control group (30.88 ± 5.17) g/L, the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.16, P<0.05). At 3, 6 months after intervention, muscle strength were (21.63 ± 1.54) kg, (23.17 ± 1.72) kg and short physical performance battery scores were 7.83 ± 1.56, 7.47 ± 1.59 in the intervention group, significantly higher than in the control group (19.66 ± 2.50) kg, (20.91 ± 2.83) kg and 6.59 ± 1.64, 5.97 ± 1.49, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.05-3.83, all P<0.05). At 6 months after intervention, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was (6.03 ± 1.47) kg/m 2 in the intervention group, significantly higher than (5.13 ± 1.36) kg/m 2 in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.52, P<0.05). Conclusions:Dance movement therapy can improve the nutritional status and muscle strength of older patients with sarcopenia.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and correlation of adult primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) with thyroid dysfunction,and early identify high-risk adult PNS patients with abnormal thyroid function by clinical data.Methods The clinical data of 101 adult PNS patients in Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from March 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the thyroid function,the patients were divided into 2 groups:normal thyroid function group (67 cases) and thyroid dysfunction group (34 cases),including 9 cases with low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome and 25 cases with subclinical hypothyroidism.The clinical data were compared,and the correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 24 h urinary protein,blood albumin and systolic blood pressure were analyzed.Results The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in adult PNS patients was 33.66％ (34/101),including 21 cases of membranous nephropathy,8 cases of minimal change disease,4 cases of IgA nephropathy and 1 case of membranoproliferative nephritis.The 24 h urinary protein in thyroid dysfunction group was significantly higher than that in normal thyroid function group:(8.76 ± 3.62) g vs.(6.96 ± 3.43) g,the albumin was significantly lower than that in normal thyroid function group:(21.82 ± 4.89) g/L vs.(24.49 ± 4.14) g/L,and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01);there was no significant difference in gender composition,age,course of disease,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,body mass index,hemoglobin,platelet,creatinine,cystatin C,fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),fibrinogen,complement C3,IgG,IgM,IgA,PNS types and comorbidities between 2 groups (P＞0.05).The results of subgroup analysis results showed that the systolic blood pressure in subclinical hypothyroidism patients of thyroid dysfunction group was significantly higher than that in normal thyroid function group and the low T3 syndrome patients of thyroid dysfunction group:(148.16 ± 18.09) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(139.55 ± 18.77) and (127.78 ± 16.81) mmHg,the 24 h urinary protein was significantly higher than that in normal thyroid function group:(9.00 ± 3.64) g vs.(6.96 ± 3.43) g,the albumin was significantly lower than that in normal thyroid function group:(21.71 ± 5.26) g/L vs.(24.49 ± 4.14) g/L,and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis result showed that TSH had no correlation with 24 h urinary protein and systolic blood pressure (r =0.193 and 0.072,P =0.053 and 0.472);however TSH was negatively correlated with albumin (r =-0.340,P =0.001).Conelusions In adult PNS patients with thyroid dysfunction,membranous nephropathy is the most common,followed by minimal change disease.The systolic blood pressure in PNS patients with subclinical hypothyroidism is significantly higher than that in patients with normal thyroid function and low T3 syndrome.In adult PNS patients,the lower the blood albumin is,the more likely they have thyroid dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitivity of non-typhoid salmonella in Zhongshan city.Methods We collected the positive cases of non-typhoid salmonella in children of Zhongshan city from 2013 to 2015.The sex,age,place of residence,onset time and main serum type of these cases were collected.The characteristics of the cases were described by descriptive epidemiologi-cal study.Results From 2013 to 2015,3 040 stool specimens from patients with enteritis were collected and 402 strain of non-typhoid salmonella were separated out. The total detection rate was 13.22%,the annual detection rate were 10.26%,12.21% and 16.76%,respectively.The peak period was from July to August every year.Of the 402 children,240 were male,162 were female,and the ratio was 1.48:1.The minimum age was 1 month,the maximum was 5 years and 8 months,the mean age was 13.62 months.All patients were characterized by diarrhea and fever,including 64 cases of bloody stool and 1 case of sepsis.The most com-mon serotypes were 4,5,12:i:-and 4,12:i:-.The resistant strains were salmonella typhimurium and variety salmonella typhimurium strains.From 2013 to 2015,the resistance rate of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime in non-typhoid salmonella isolates increased linearly (ceftriaxone: 17.35%, 26.23%, 39.01%; ceftazidime:12.24%,17.21%,30.77%).The differences were statistically significant(χ2=30.3,P<0.01;χ2=26.3, P<0.01).Conclusion The positive rate of nontyphoid salmonella increased year by year from 2013 to 2015.The most common serotype was salmonella typhimurium, and the resistant strains were salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhimurium variety.The resistance rate of non-typhoid salmonella to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime increased year by year,and the highest rate of ceftazidime resistance was in July 2015.Non-typhoid salmonella was more resistant to ceftriaxone than ceftazidime.