OBJECTIVE Aimd to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among healthy elderly individuals in China using a large sample size and to explore its correlations with demographic and other factors.METHODS A total of 5 258 participants who aged 60 and above underwent the T&T olfactometer test and completed questionnaires.The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was reported,and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between olfactory dysfunction and other factors.RESULTS The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the study was 26.5%.Independent risk factors for olfactory dysfunction included advanced age,rural residence(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.60-2.22,P<0.01),current smoking(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.15-1.83,P<0.01),and self-reported olfactory dysfunction(OR=10.12,95%CI:8.44-12.14,P<0.01).In contrast,female gender(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.58-0.85,P<0.01)and high educational attainment were independently associated with a lower prevalence of olfactory dysfunction.CONCLUSION The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among individuals aged 60 and above increased with age.Male gender,rural residence,low educational attainment,current smoking,and self-reported decline in olfactory function were independently associated with olfactory dysfunction.

Objective To explore the effect of eversion carotid endarterectomy(eCEA)on the cog-nitive function in elderly carotid artery stenosis patients with different ages.Methods A total of 56 elderly patients undergoing eCEA in Department of Vascular Surgery of No.920 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from May 2019 to May 2022 were enrolled and divided into a 60-69 year old group(31 cases)and a 70-80 year old group(25 cases).Mini-mental state examination(MMSE)Scale was used to analyze the patients within 1 week before surgery and 1 and 6 months after surgery.Results In the 60-69 years old group,their MMSE scores in 1 and 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery(24.71±3.67 vs 23.52±3.70,P＜0.05;25.48±3.19 vs 23.52±3.70,P＜0.01).For the 70-80 year old group,the MMSE score in 6 months after surgery was obviously higher than that before surgery and that in 1 month after sur-gery(25.44±3.42 vs 23.76±3.81,P＜0.01;25.44±3.42 vs 23.90±3.65,P＜0.01).The improve-ment of MMSE score between 1 month after surgery and before surgery was notably more obvi-ous in the 60-69 year old group than the 70-80 year old group,but the improvement between 6 months and 1 month after surgery was statistically declined in the 60-69 year old group than the 70-80 year old group(P＜0.05).Conclusion eCEA can significantly improve cognitive function in elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis,and obvious efficacy is observed in the early stage in the 60-69 years old patients.