OBJECTIVE:Exercise intervention is considered the cornerstone of rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.However,no clear conclusion has been reached regarding which exercise therapy is more effective in improving knee muscle strength and function in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.To this end,this study used a network meta-analysis method to compare the efficacy of exercise therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,providing evidence-based medical basis for selecting the best exercise therapy. METHODS:A computer search was conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,The Cochrane Library,and EBSCO to collect randomized controlled trials addressing exercise therapy following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to 2023-11-20.Outcome indicators included three continuous variables:quadriceps muscle strength,hamstring muscle strength,and knee joint function score.EndNote X9.1 was used for literature screening.The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature.The GRADE score was used to rate the strength of evidence for the results of the article.Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS:A total of 36 randomized controlled trials were included,involving 1 179 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.The overall quality of the included literature was moderate.Nine types of exercise therapies were involved:isokinetic training,cross training,eccentric training,aquatic rehabilitation,blood flow restriction training,motor control training,plyometric training,whole-body vibration training,and multimodal training;the control measure was conventional rehabilitation training.The results of the network meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional rehabilitation training,eccentric training[standardized mean difference(SMD)=2.08,95%confidence interval(CI):0.56 to 3.60,P=0.007)had the best improvement effect on quadriceps muscle strength in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,followed by multimodal training(SMD=1.69,95%CI:0.11 to 3.27,P=0.249)and whole body vibration training(SMD=0.81,95%CI:0.11 to 1.51,P=0.042).In terms of improving patients'hamstring muscle strength,multimodal training(SMD=2.08,95%CI:0.30 to 3.86,P=0.022)had the best effect,followed by plyometric training(SMD=1.51,95%CI:0.18 to 2.84,P=0.026)and isokinetic training(SMD=1.37,95%CI:0.06 to 2.67,P=0.039).Multimodal training(SMD=4.60,95%CI:2.40 to 6.80,P<0.001)was the most effective in improving knee joint function scores,followed by eccentric training(SMD=1.75,95%CI:0.24 to 3.25,P=0.023)and aquatic rehabilitation(SMD=1.65,95%CI:0.07 to 3.24,P=0.041). CONCLUSION:Evidence of low to moderate strength suggests that multimodal training may be the most effective exercise therapy in improving knee muscle strength and function in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,followed by eccentric training,plyometric training,isokinetic training,whole body vibration training,and aquatic rehabilitation.More high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are still needed in the future to verify the reliability of the conclusions.

Objective:To investigation the situation of water improvement projects in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children, in order to provide a basis for consolidating the achievements in prevention and control of drinking water-type endemic fluorosis and adjusting prevention and control measures.Methods:The monitoring data on drinking water-type endemic fluorosis were collected from the disease prevention and control centers in various counties of Qinghai Province from 2021 to 2023, the situation of water improvement projects, the fluorine content of domestic drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were retrospectively analyzed.Results:From 2021 to 2023, the numbers of villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province were 338, 335, and 328, respectively. The numbers of water improvement projects were 125, 127 and 124, respectively. The normal operation rates were 100%, 100% and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The qualified rates of water fluoride level were 100%, 99.21% (126/127) and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The detection rates of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 were 4.34% (515/11 877), 5.70% (646/11 331) and 4.48% (490/10 943), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in different years (χ 2 = 22.79, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The overall operation status of water improvement project in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province is generally good, but there has been some relaxation in management and maintenance in the later stage, and there is a phenomenon of project intermittency. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 remains low, and endemic fluorosis caused by drinking water is under continuous control.

Objective:To analyze the differences in determination of fluoride level in drinking water by ion-selective electrode method and high-throughput rapid determination method.Methods:The precision test was carried out by using the two methods to measure two kinds of fluoride standard substances, water samples of external quality control assessment from 2021 to 2023 (two kinds each year) and the fluoride level in three drinking water samples (for 5 times/each sample). Accuracy testing was conducted by measuring the external quality control assessment water samples and the spiked recovery rates drinking water, and water samples were grouped (water fluoride ≤1.00, > 1.00 mg/L) and analyzed according to the "Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-85). SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement results.Results:(1) The correlation coefficients ( r) of the working curves of the two methods were both > 0.990, meeting the quality control requirements. (2) In the precision test, when comparing the results of the two methods for detecting two kinds of fluoride standard substances, there was no statistically significant difference ( F = 0.36, 0.15, P = 0.564, 0.707), and the coefficients of variation ( CV) were all < 5%. The CV of the detection results of the external quality control assessment water samples and drinking water samples were < 5%. (3) In the accuracy test, when the fluoride concentration in water was ≤1.00 mg/L, there was no statistically significant difference in the spiked recovery rates between the two methods ( F = 0.49, P = 0.504). When the fluoride concentration in water was > 1.00 mg/L, there was a statistically significant difference in the spiked recovery rates between the two methods ( F = 24.75, P = 0.003). Conclusions:The ion-selective electrode method has the advantages of wide detection range and wide adaptability, while the high-throughput rapid determination method has high accuracy. Testing personnel can weigh and choose the appropriate determination method based on the actual laboratory conditions and sample concentration range.

Sepsis is a common complication in patients with infection,severe trauma and burns.The inflammatory process mediated by IκB/NF-κB in sepsis is considered a target of new anti-inflammatory drugs.Chinese materia medica intervention in sepsis has the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target and minimal adverse reactions.This article summarized the relevant research on the intervention of Chinese materia medica targeting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway in sepsis,and concluded the mechanism of TCM monomers and their extracts,TCM prescriptions and preparations in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,regulating immunity and protecting important organs from damage in sepsis by targeting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.It could provide references for the treatment of sepsis with Chinese materia medica.

BACKGROUND:Due to proprioceptive deficits,athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may use compensatory stabilization strategies to reweight sensation toward more reliable visual stimuli.However,it is unclear how interference with visual information affects lower limb biomechanics.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of visual interference on the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of lower limbs during single-leg landing in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes.METHODS:Twenty athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 20 healthy athletes were recruited and randomly subjected to two different visual conditions:eyes open and visual interference.They completed single-leg landing under the two visual conditions.Visual interference was performed using stroboscopic glasses with a frequency of 3 Hz,i.e.0.1 seconds with eyes open and 0.233 seconds with eyes closed.The kinematic parameters of the affected/dominant lower limbs were collected using an infrared high-speed motion capture system(200 Hz),and the kinetic parameters of the lower limbs were collected using a three-dimensional force platform(1 000 Hz).Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of group and visual condition on kinematic and kinetic variables.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the eyes-open condition,the knee valgus angle(P=0.026)and ankle varus angle(P=0.006)of athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes at the initial landing moment under visual interference conditions significantly increased.(2)Compared with the eyes-open condition,visual interference increased the knee valgus angle at the peak knee flexion moment in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(P<0.001),but it did not significantly increase the knee valgus angle in healthy athletes(P=0.527).(3)Compared with the eyes-open condition,under visual interference conditions,the hip extension moment of athletes udnergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes at the peak knee flexion moment was significantly increased(P=0.047),and the knee extension moment was significantly reduced(P=0.001).To conclude,visual interference increases knee valgus and ankle varus angles in athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes,which may increase the risks of anterior cruciate ligament injury/secondary injury and lateral ankle sprain.In addition,visual interference causes compensatory strategies of proximal load shiftin the sagittal plane in athletes.

Objective:To investigation the situation of water improvement projects in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children, in order to provide a basis for consolidating the achievements in prevention and control of drinking water-type endemic fluorosis and adjusting prevention and control measures.Methods:The monitoring data on drinking water-type endemic fluorosis were collected from the disease prevention and control centers in various counties of Qinghai Province from 2021 to 2023, the situation of water improvement projects, the fluorine content of domestic drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were retrospectively analyzed.Results:From 2021 to 2023, the numbers of villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province were 338, 335, and 328, respectively. The numbers of water improvement projects were 125, 127 and 124, respectively. The normal operation rates were 100%, 100% and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The qualified rates of water fluoride level were 100%, 99.21% (126/127) and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The detection rates of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 were 4.34% (515/11 877), 5.70% (646/11 331) and 4.48% (490/10 943), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in different years (χ 2 = 22.79, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The overall operation status of water improvement project in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province is generally good, but there has been some relaxation in management and maintenance in the later stage, and there is a phenomenon of project intermittency. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 remains low, and endemic fluorosis caused by drinking water is under continuous control.

Objective:To analyze the differences in determination of fluoride level in drinking water by ion-selective electrode method and high-throughput rapid determination method.Methods:The precision test was carried out by using the two methods to measure two kinds of fluoride standard substances, water samples of external quality control assessment from 2021 to 2023 (two kinds each year) and the fluoride level in three drinking water samples (for 5 times/each sample). Accuracy testing was conducted by measuring the external quality control assessment water samples and the spiked recovery rates drinking water, and water samples were grouped (water fluoride ≤1.00, > 1.00 mg/L) and analyzed according to the "Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-85). SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement results.Results:(1) The correlation coefficients ( r) of the working curves of the two methods were both > 0.990, meeting the quality control requirements. (2) In the precision test, when comparing the results of the two methods for detecting two kinds of fluoride standard substances, there was no statistically significant difference ( F = 0.36, 0.15, P = 0.564, 0.707), and the coefficients of variation ( CV) were all < 5%. The CV of the detection results of the external quality control assessment water samples and drinking water samples were < 5%. (3) In the accuracy test, when the fluoride concentration in water was ≤1.00 mg/L, there was no statistically significant difference in the spiked recovery rates between the two methods ( F = 0.49, P = 0.504). When the fluoride concentration in water was > 1.00 mg/L, there was a statistically significant difference in the spiked recovery rates between the two methods ( F = 24.75, P = 0.003). Conclusions:The ion-selective electrode method has the advantages of wide detection range and wide adaptability, while the high-throughput rapid determination method has high accuracy. Testing personnel can weigh and choose the appropriate determination method based on the actual laboratory conditions and sample concentration range.

BACKGROUND:Due to proprioceptive deficits,athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may use compensatory stabilization strategies to reweight sensation toward more reliable visual stimuli.However,it is unclear how interference with visual information affects lower limb biomechanics.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of visual interference on the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of lower limbs during single-leg landing in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes.METHODS:Twenty athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 20 healthy athletes were recruited and randomly subjected to two different visual conditions:eyes open and visual interference.They completed single-leg landing under the two visual conditions.Visual interference was performed using stroboscopic glasses with a frequency of 3 Hz,i.e.0.1 seconds with eyes open and 0.233 seconds with eyes closed.The kinematic parameters of the affected/dominant lower limbs were collected using an infrared high-speed motion capture system(200 Hz),and the kinetic parameters of the lower limbs were collected using a three-dimensional force platform(1 000 Hz).Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of group and visual condition on kinematic and kinetic variables.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the eyes-open condition,the knee valgus angle(P=0.026)and ankle varus angle(P=0.006)of athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes at the initial landing moment under visual interference conditions significantly increased.(2)Compared with the eyes-open condition,visual interference increased the knee valgus angle at the peak knee flexion moment in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(P<0.001),but it did not significantly increase the knee valgus angle in healthy athletes(P=0.527).(3)Compared with the eyes-open condition,under visual interference conditions,the hip extension moment of athletes udnergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes at the peak knee flexion moment was significantly increased(P=0.047),and the knee extension moment was significantly reduced(P=0.001).To conclude,visual interference increases knee valgus and ankle varus angles in athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy athletes,which may increase the risks of anterior cruciate ligament injury/secondary injury and lateral ankle sprain.In addition,visual interference causes compensatory strategies of proximal load shiftin the sagittal plane in athletes.

Sepsis is a common complication in patients with infection,severe trauma and burns.The inflammatory process mediated by IκB/NF-κB in sepsis is considered a target of new anti-inflammatory drugs.Chinese materia medica intervention in sepsis has the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target and minimal adverse reactions.This article summarized the relevant research on the intervention of Chinese materia medica targeting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway in sepsis,and concluded the mechanism of TCM monomers and their extracts,TCM prescriptions and preparations in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,regulating immunity and protecting important organs from damage in sepsis by targeting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.It could provide references for the treatment of sepsis with Chinese materia medica.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have investigated the effects of whole body vibration training at different frequencies on muscle strength,but less is reported on the differences in the efficacy of vibration training at different frequencies on patellar tendinopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of eccentric training of quadriceps combined with different frequency of whole body vibration training on patellar tendinopathy. METHODS:From April to June 2022,48 patients with patellar tendinopathy were recruited from Wuhan Sports University and randomly divided into eccentric training group(n=12),30 Hz group(n=12),40 Hz group(n=12),and 50 Hz group(n=12).The eccentric training group only completed eccentric training of the quadriceps.The 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz groups performed the whole body vibration training with the amplitude of 2 mm and frequencies of 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz respectively on the basis of the eccentric training of the quadriceps.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks,three times a week.Before and after the intervention,the patients'surface electromyography signals of the quadriceps,kinematics and dynamics data of knee joint at the time of landing in deep jump and the time of peak vertical ground reaction,Visual Analogue Scale score,Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks of intervention,compared with the eccentric training group,the median frequency of the lateral and medial femoris muscles were significantly higher in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups(P＜0.05).At the time of landing,the knee joint flexion angle and external rotation moment in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05),while the knee joint flexion angle in the 50 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).At the peak moment of vertical ground reaction,the knee extension torque in the 40 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the eccectric training group(P＜0.05);the knee flexion angle and knee extension torque in the 50 Hz group were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Visual Analogue Scale scores in the 50 Hz and 40 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score in the 50 Hz group was significantly higher than that in the eccentric training group and 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).To conclude,eccentric training of the quadriceps combined with 50 Hz whole body vibration training can significantly improve quadriceps'strength,endurance and activation rate of the vastus lateralis muscle,reduce the pain of knee joint,and improve the function of the knee joint in patients with patellar tendinopathy.