Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a common digestive disease characterized by recurrence and remission alternation，which seriously affects the life quality and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of UC is complex，and studies have shown that the occurrence and development of UC are closely related to the transduction of multiple signaling pathways. The current western medicine treatment has many problems，such as single action target，more adverse reactions，poor patient tolerance，and easy recurrence after stopping the medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages such as multi-targets，multi-pathways， and fewer adverse reactions， elucidating that the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of UC is the focus of current research. Therefore， this paper conducted a systematic review on how traditional Chinese medicine exerts therapeutic effects by regulating the signaling pathways related to UC in recent years，and it was found that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB），adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR），Janus tyrosine protein kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT），phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） /protein kinase B （Akt），NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-related protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1），nuclear respiratory factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， and several other pathways，thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and cellular pyroptosis，regulating the Tregs/Th17 cellular balance， promoting autophagic response and M2-type macrophage polarization，restoring the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora，promoting the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier function，and alleviating the inflammatory damage of UC colonic tissues. The holistic concept and evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine were combined with the modern molecular mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine， and the traditional Chinese medicine combinations with different mechanisms， following regulation， were formulated into compound formulas or pairs of medicines according to the pattern of evidence. It is expected to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and to provide ideas and references for the modification of classic compound formulae of traditional Chinese medicine in UC treatment and clinical translation.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease， involves multifaceted pathological mechanisms such as intestinal barrier dysfunction， immune dysregulation， and oxidative stress. Current therapeutic strategies remain limited in efficacy and safety. In recent years， the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic target for UC due to its central role in energy metabolism， inflammatory regulation， and intestinal homeostasis. This article systematically reviewed the mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） prevented and treated UC through the regulation of the AMPK signaling pathway， with a focus on elucidating AMPK's multidimensional regulatory network in inflammatory signaling crosstalk， alleviating oxidative stress， restoring intestinal immune balance， repairing the intestinal barrier， and modulating gut microbiota. Leveraging its unique advantages of multi-target engagement and low toxicity， TCM demonstrates promising potential in UC treatment and has become a focal area of research. By systematically summarizing and synthesizing the existing literature on TCM-mediated AMPK pathway modulation in UC， this review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for advancing mechanistic research and clinical interventions in UC.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） plays a critical role in cellular responses to external stress and the maintenance of homeostasis， and its abnormal activation is closely associated with the development of various inflammatory diseases， particularly in the pathological process of UC. ERS maintains cellular homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response （UPR）. However， when ERS is prolonged or excessive， UPR fails to alleviate the stress， leading to epithelial cell death and aggravating the progression of UC. Modulating ERS may serve as a key target for the prevention and treatment of UC， and it is one of the current research hotspots. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown significant efficacy in regulating ERS， offering unique therapeutic advantages through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can alleviate ERS， inhibit apoptosis， regulate autophagy， reduce inflammatory responses， and maintain intestinal barrier function to prevent and treat UC. This review summarized the relationship between ERS and UC and discussed the intervention of TCM in regulating ERS for the treatment of UC， aiming to provide new insights and approaches for the treatment of UC with TCM.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） plays a critical role in cellular responses to external stress and the maintenance of homeostasis， and its abnormal activation is closely associated with the development of various inflammatory diseases， particularly in the pathological process of UC. ERS maintains cellular homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response （UPR）. However， when ERS is prolonged or excessive， UPR fails to alleviate the stress， leading to epithelial cell death and aggravating the progression of UC. Modulating ERS may serve as a key target for the prevention and treatment of UC， and it is one of the current research hotspots. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown significant efficacy in regulating ERS， offering unique therapeutic advantages through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can alleviate ERS， inhibit apoptosis， regulate autophagy， reduce inflammatory responses， and maintain intestinal barrier function to prevent and treat UC. This review summarized the relationship between ERS and UC and discussed the intervention of TCM in regulating ERS for the treatment of UC， aiming to provide new insights and approaches for the treatment of UC with TCM.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Suoquan Runchang Prescription for senile mice with constipation and its mechanism of action.Methods Senile Kunming mice were randomly divided into constipation group,Suoquan Runchang Prescription group,ISCK03[stem cell factor(SCF),receptor tyrosine kinase(c-Kit)signaling pathway inhibitor]group,Suoquan Runchang Prescription+ISCK03 group,and normal group,with 12 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,a constipation model was constructed by gavage of 150 mg/kg Compound Diphenoxylate Suspension in all groups of senile Kunming mice.After successful modeling,each group was treated for two weeks.At the end of the intervention,the fecal particles count and fecal water content were detected,the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,motilin,gastrin,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the changes in gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate were determined,the pathologic changes of colonic tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and protein expressions of SCF and c-Kit in the colonic tissues was detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the disrupted cellular structure,thinner muscle layer,damaged mucosal epithelium were seen in the constipation group,and the fecal particle count,fecal water content,serum motilin,gastrin and 5-HT levels,gastric emptying rate,small intestine propulsion rate,the protein expression levels of SCF and c-Kit in colonic tissues were decreased,and the serum IL-1 β,IL-6 and VIP levels were increased,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the constipation group,the colonic tissues damage were improved in Suoquan Runchang Prescription group,the fecal particle count,fecal water content,serum motilin,gastrin and 5-HT levels,gastric emptying rate,small intestine propulsion rate,protein expression levels of SCF and c-Kit in colonic tissues were elevated,the serum IL-1β,IL-6 and VIP levels were decreased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The indexes mentioned above in mice of ISCK03 group versus to the results of Suoquan Runchang Prescription group(P＜0.05).Compared with Suoquan Runchang Prescription group,the colonic tissues damage showed aggravated in Suoquan Runchang Prescription+ISCK03 group,and the fecal particle count,fecal water content,serum motilin,gastrin and 5-HT levels,gastric emptying rate,small intestine propulsion rate,protein expression levels of SCF and c-Kit in colonic tissues were decreased,the serum IL-1β,IL-6 and VIP levels were increased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Suoquan Runchang Prescription can effectively improve constipation in senile mice,and its therapeutic effect maybe related to the up-regulation of SCF,c-Kit expression,thus promoting intestinal peristalsis.

As a representative chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel (DTX) has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades. However, the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy, and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis risk due to the upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression during the treatment. Herein, we conjugated CXCR4 antagonist peptide (CTCE) with DTX (termed CTCE-DTX) as an anti-metastasis agent to treat breast cancer. CTCE-DTX could self-assemble to nanoparticles, targeting CXCR4-upregulated metastatic tumor cells and enhancing the DTX efficacy. Thus, the CTCE-DTX NPs achieved promising efficacy on inhibiting both bone-specific metastasis and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Our work provided a rational strategy on designing peptide-drug conjugates with synergistic anti-tumor efficacy.

Objective To quantify operation characteristics of the ankle rotating-traction-poking manipulation (RTPM) for treating acute lateral ankle sprain by using motion capture technology, so as to provide objective references for standardized operation of RTPM and its education inheritance. Methods A professional physiotherapist performed the RTPM on 60 volunteers with acute lateral ankle sprain. Motion capture system was used to acquire effective kinematic data during the RTPM, so as to make analysis and summarize rules. Results The average time of ankle rotating for six circles was 11.36 s and the average time of ankle traction and poking was 3.42 s. The average displacement of ankle traction was 36.94 mm and the average displacement of ankle poking was 22.44 mm. The average angle of ankle traction was 23.27°, and the average angle of ankle poking was 22.76°. During the RTPM for treating acute lateral ankle sprain, the average linear velocity of ankle rotating was 58.28 mm/s, and the average linear velocity of ankle traction and poking was 23.81 mm/s. The linear acceleration of ankle rotating was 0.43 mm/s2, and the linear acceleration of ankle traction and poking was 0.54 mm/s2. Conclusions The RTPM can be applied in clinical practice. During the RTMP, the principle of gentleness, rhythmicity and continuity should be followed. Under the premise of following physiological characteristics of ankle joint, treatment of the sprained ankle should be carried out with slow and uniform speed continuously.

Objective:To evaluate the gastric emptying of orally administered enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution before surgery in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and effect on insulin resistance.Methods:One hundred patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=50 each) using a random number table method: water group (group C) and enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour group (group M). Routine fasting and water deprivation were executed at 1 day before operation in two groups, and 300 ml water in group C or 300 ml enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution in group M were taken orally at 2-3 h before induction on the day of surgery.Bedside antrum ultrasonography was used to calculate the gastric volume (GV) before oral administration (V 0), immediately after oral administration (V 1), and before induction (V 2), and then the ΔGV (GV 1-GV 0) was calculated.Fasting plasma glucose and insulin CONCENTRATIONS were measured on admission to hospital (T 1) and on an empty stomach on 1st morning after surgery (T 2), and then the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated according to HOMA steady-state model formula.Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for subjective comfort (thirst, hunger, fatigue and anxiety) and grip strength were assessed before anesthesia (T 3) and before leaving PACU (T 4). Reflux and aspiration during induction, nausea and vomiting within 24 h after surgery, and anal exhaust time after surgery were recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in GV at V 0, V 1 and V 2 between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the baseline at V 0, no significant was found in the GV at V 2 in both groups ( P>0.05). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly increased at T 2 than at T 1 in both groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group C, the fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased at T 2, VAS scores for hunger, fatigue and anxiety were decreased at T 3, 4, grip strength was increased at T 3, 4, the postoperative anal exhaust time was shortened, and the incidence of nausea was reduced in group M ( P<0.05). No reflux and aspiration happened during induction in either group. Conclusion:The gastric emptying of 300 ml enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution orally administered at 2 h before surgery is normal in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which does not increase the risk of reflux and aspiration during anesthesia induction, reduces postoperative insulin resistance, and increases patient′s subjective comfort, and enhances the postoperative recovery of intestinal function.