OBJECTIVE To explore and establish a full-cycle management model for drug traceability codes that aligns with national policy requirements and the practical needs of healthcare institutions， thereby enhancing the refinement of drug management and the level of medication safety. METHODS A tripartite strategy integrating “hardware deployment， system transformation， and process re-engineering” was adopted. This involved the introduction of intelligent identification devices （personal digital assistant， high-definition industrial reader）， the modification of the hospital information system interface， and the re-engineering of workflows （drug warehousing， dispensing and distribution， drug withdrawal， uploading to the insurance platform） to achieve comprehensive， informatized collection and association of drug traceability codes throughout all stages. RESULTS A full-cycle management model for drug traceability codes was successfully established， realizing the goals of making drugs “traceable to their source， trackable in their distribution， and accountable in their responsibility”. The patient waiting time for medication dispensing before and after the implementation was [3.08（1.67，5.58）] min and [3.28（1.77，5.98）] min， respectively. Among them， the patient waiting time under the pre-preparation mode was [3.60（2.13，6.35）] min and [3.50（2.03，6.30）] min， respectively； the patient waiting time under the real-time mode was [2.05（0.83，4.03）] min and [2.78（1.18，5.38）] min， respectively； the number of dispensing errors was 3， 0， respectively； the staffing of relevant positions had not been increased. CONCLUSIONS The drug traceability code management model constructed from a full-cycle perspective effectively meets national policy requirements. It provides data support for refined hospital management and offers solid technical and procedural safeguards for ensuring patient medication safety and strengthening medical insurance fund supervision， demonstrating practical value.

Based on yin-yang qi transformation theory and modern morphology， this paper elaborates on the structure and function of the collateral orifices and sweat pores. It is proposed that collateral vessels form a unified system of qi collaterals， blood collaterals， and water collaterals， with the core function of governing communication and transformation. The physiological mechanism that yin is in form while yang is in function forms a new understanding of the physiology of the collateral vessels. Based on this， the pathological mechanism of collateral disease is deconstructed， and a differentiation system for collateral disease based on yin-yang and qi transformation theory is established. The general treatment principle of regulating qi and resolving collaterals is defined， achieving a systematic integration of principles， methods， formulas， and medicinals regarding collateral disease theory. This approach provides a reference for the inheritance and innovation of collateral disease theory and the clinical precision differentiation and treatment.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine has been proved to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis,and the effectiveness and mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its the active ingredients against osteoporosis have gradually gained the attention of scholars.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the research progress of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its active ingredients against osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:We searched the relevant literature included in CNKI and PubMed databases using the search terms of"Osteoporosis,Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,Osteoblast,Osteoclast,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Signal path"in Chinese and English,respectively.According to the needs of the research,we established the corresponding criteria and screened the literature.A total of 82 papers were included in the final review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus that exert anti-osteoporotic effects in vitro and in vivo mainly involve the following:Salidroside activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1.This activation process enhances the expression of phosphorylated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 in ovariectomized rats and primary osteoblasts,while decreasing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β.Further,it promotes the expression of β-catenin,runt-related transcription factor 2 and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene in the nucleus,thereby promoting the bone formation capacity of osteoblasts.The advantage is that it acts directly on osteoblasts to promote bone formation,which provides a new strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.(2)Olive bittersweet significantly increases bone mineral density and regulates bone metabolism by decreasing terminal interleukin-6 and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in Sprague-Dawley rats.In vitro experiments showed that olive bittersweet promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts and up-regulates the protein and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin,while inhibiting the protein and mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand.This mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of the balance of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand system,demonstrating the advantage of increasing bone mineral density and maintaining bone health by regulating factors related to bone metabolism,but there is no significant effect on Ca2+concentration,which may limit its use in some specific types of osteoporosis.(3)By decreasing the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the expression of osteoclast-specific marker protein c-Fos,pineconiferin effectively inhibits the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/c-Fos pathway in osteoclasts.This inhibition reduces the proliferation and maturation of osteoclasts,which can help to reduce bone resorption.The advantage of this inhibition is that it can directly target osteoclasts,which provides a new target for osteoporosis treatment.However,the specific regulatory mechanism of osteoclasts needs to be studied in depth,and its long-term effect and safety need to be further evaluated.(4)The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus have shown good therapeutic effects on osteoporosis,but their mechanism of action is complex,involving the interaction of multiple genes,proteins and signaling pathways.In the future,large-scale clinical trials need to be carried out to verify its effectiveness and safety,and the strategy of combining the active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with other drugs needs to be further explored in order to obtain better therapeutic effects.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of weight gain in the mid and late pregnancy of women with early pregnancy weight loss, and the relationship between weight gain and weight gain rate before the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and GDM.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 2 614 singleton pregnant women who underwent prenatal care and delivered at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2014 to December 2021, and whose weight decreased compared to pre-pregnancy weight by 16 weeks of gestation. The rate of weight gain in mid and late pregnancy, also weight gain and weight gain rate at each stage were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of total weight gain and weight gain rate at each stage before the diagnosis of GDM on the risk of GDM.Results:The rates of weight gain in mid and late pregnancy for women with early pregnancy weight loss who were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese before pregnancy were (0.60±0.15), (0.59±0.18), (0.53±0.20), and (0.42±0.20) kg/week, respectively, all higher than the "Chinese Recommended Standards for Weight Gain During Pregnancy" [which are (0.37-0.56), (0.26-0.48), (0.22-0.37), and (0.15-0.30) kg/week, respectively]. The weight gain rates at each stage of mid and late pregnancy in women with early pregnancy weight loss showed a "bimodal" trend, with the first peak in weight gain rate occurring at 16-20 or 20-24 weeks of gestation [weight gain rates for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women before pregnancy were 0.75 kg/week (0.44-1.00 kg/week), 0.74 kg/week (0.50-1.00 kg/week), 0.63 kg/week (0.39-0.86 kg/week), and 0.50 kg/week (0.25-0.74 kg/week), respectively] and the second peak occurring at 28-32 weeks [weight gain rates for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women before pregnancy were 0.63 kg/week (0.50-1.00 kg/week), 0.63 kg/week (0.38- 0.88 kg/week), 0.60 kg/week (0.25-0.88 kg/week), and 0.50 kg/week (0.22-0.75 kg/week). As of 28 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation, 53.7% (1 404/2 614) and 77.4% (1 946/2 512) of pregnant women, respectively, reached the lower limit of the recommended weight gain for the corresponding gestational weeks. No association was found between insufficient weight gain ( aOR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.639-1.071, P=0.151) or excessive weight gain ( aOR=0.936, 95% CI: 0.598-1.465, P=0.773) before the diagnosis of GDM and the risk of GDM. However, obese women with a weight loss greater than 5% of their pre-pregnancy weight in early pregnancy and a rapid weight gain rate (> P 75) between 16-20 weeks of gestation had an increased risk of developing GDM ( aOR=32.870, 95% CI: 1.625-664.775, P=0.023). Conclusions:In clinical practice, dynamic monitoring of weight changes at various stages of pregnancy in women who lose weight in early pregnancy is recommended. Targeted weight management during mid-pregnancy for women who are obese before pregnancy and experience significant weight loss in early pregnancy may help prevent excessive gestational weight gain and decrease the risk of GDM.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine has been proved to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis,and the effectiveness and mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its the active ingredients against osteoporosis have gradually gained the attention of scholars.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the research progress of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its active ingredients against osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:We searched the relevant literature included in CNKI and PubMed databases using the search terms of"Osteoporosis,Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,Osteoblast,Osteoclast,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Signal path"in Chinese and English,respectively.According to the needs of the research,we established the corresponding criteria and screened the literature.A total of 82 papers were included in the final review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus that exert anti-osteoporotic effects in vitro and in vivo mainly involve the following:Salidroside activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1.This activation process enhances the expression of phosphorylated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 in ovariectomized rats and primary osteoblasts,while decreasing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β.Further,it promotes the expression of β-catenin,runt-related transcription factor 2 and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene in the nucleus,thereby promoting the bone formation capacity of osteoblasts.The advantage is that it acts directly on osteoblasts to promote bone formation,which provides a new strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.(2)Olive bittersweet significantly increases bone mineral density and regulates bone metabolism by decreasing terminal interleukin-6 and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in Sprague-Dawley rats.In vitro experiments showed that olive bittersweet promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts and up-regulates the protein and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin,while inhibiting the protein and mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand.This mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of the balance of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand system,demonstrating the advantage of increasing bone mineral density and maintaining bone health by regulating factors related to bone metabolism,but there is no significant effect on Ca2+concentration,which may limit its use in some specific types of osteoporosis.(3)By decreasing the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the expression of osteoclast-specific marker protein c-Fos,pineconiferin effectively inhibits the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/c-Fos pathway in osteoclasts.This inhibition reduces the proliferation and maturation of osteoclasts,which can help to reduce bone resorption.The advantage of this inhibition is that it can directly target osteoclasts,which provides a new target for osteoporosis treatment.However,the specific regulatory mechanism of osteoclasts needs to be studied in depth,and its long-term effect and safety need to be further evaluated.(4)The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus have shown good therapeutic effects on osteoporosis,but their mechanism of action is complex,involving the interaction of multiple genes,proteins and signaling pathways.In the future,large-scale clinical trials need to be carried out to verify its effectiveness and safety,and the strategy of combining the active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with other drugs needs to be further explored in order to obtain better therapeutic effects.

Objective To analyze the correlation between ferroptosis and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients with fractures.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with fracture were divided into the control group and the POCD group according to whether POCD occurred,with 60 cases in each group.Basic data of the two groups were collected.The levels of nerve injury indicators[brain myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)],and fractures markers[glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4(ACSL4)]were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h after surgery.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of POCD in elderly patients with fracture.The correlations between MBP,GFAP and GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze predictive values of MBP,GFAP,GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 levels to POCD.Results The age,proportion of general anesthesia,anesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and MBP,GFAP,COX2,ACSL4 levels were higher in the POCD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while GPX4 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of MBP and GFAP were negatively correlated with levels of GPX4 in elderly patients with fractures,and positively correlated with levels of COX2 and ACSL4(P＜0.05).Advanced age,general anesthesia,long duration of anesthesia,increased levels of MBP,GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4,and decreased level of GPX4 were independent risk factors for POCD in elderly fracture patients(P＜0.05).The critical values of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 for predicting POCD in elderly patients with fractures were GPX4≤23.05 μg/L,COX2≥20.35 μg/L and ACSL4≥237.85 μg/L,and the AUC were 0.869,0.736 and 0.841.The sensitivity was 76.67%,68.33%and 88.33%,and the specificity was 86.67%,78.33%and 75.00%,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4 was higher than that of MBP and GFAP.Conclusion The incidence of POCD in elderly patients with fracture is associated with ferroptosis,and levels of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 have certain predictive value for the incidence of POCD after surgery in elderly patients with fracture.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

Objective:To retrieve, screen, evaluate and integrate the relevant evidence of nursing management for patent foramen ovale detected by contrast transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) to provide a basis for clinical practice.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in relevant Chinese and English databases, guideline websites, and professional association websites such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, PubMed, and MedLink, etc. Relevant literatures on the detection of patent foramen ovale by cTEE were included, including guidelines, expert conconsensus, clinical decisions, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews. The search period was from the establishment of the database to July 31, 2024. Two evidence-based nursing researchers evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted relevant evidence in combination with clinical situations.Results:A total of 15 literatures were included. Among them, there were 3 guidelines, 6 expert consensuses, 3 clinical decisions, 2 quasi-experiments, and 1 systematic review. Thirty pieces of evidence were summarized from five aspects: assessment, education and publicity, preparation before examination, detection during examination, care after examination.Conclusions:The best evidence for the nursing management of patent foramen ovale detected by cTEE is of high quality and strong authority, which can provide evidence-based basis for standardizing clinical practice and accurately and efficiently detecting patent foramen ovale.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the early pregnancy triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies.Methods:This retrospective study involved twin-pregnant women who visited Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2015 to February 2021. Based on the results of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation, the women were divided into the GDM and the control groups. The groups were further stratified based on maternal age (<35 years or ≥35 years), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (<24.0 or ≥24.0 kg/m2), and conception method [assisted reproductive technology (ART) or natural conception]. The correlation between early pregnancy TyG index and GDM, as well as the predictive value of the early pregnancy TyG index for the risk of GDM in twin pregnancies, were analyzed. The TyG index in early pregnancy was then divided into tertiles, and the risks of GDM in low, medium, and high TyG index groups were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using independent sample t-test, non-parametric test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the early pregnancy TyG index for GDM in twin pregnancies. Results:(1) A total of 1 684 twin-pregnant women were included, with an average age of 32.3 years (29.8-34.9 years) and a pre-pregnancy BMI of 22.0 kg/m2 (20.0-24.3 kg/m2). Among them, 319 (18.9%) were multiparas, 982 (58.3%) conceived through ART, and 357 (21.2%) were monochorionic twins. Of the 1 684 women, 367 (21.8%) were diagnosed with GDM (GDM group), whereas the remaining 1 317 were classified as the control group. (2) Compared to the control group, the GDM group had older maternal age [(32.2±3.7) years vs. (33.3±3.8) years, t=－4.92], higher pre-pregnancy weight, and BMI [57.5 kg (52.0-65.0 kg) vs. 60.0 kg (55.0-67.3 kg), U=279 901.50; 21.8 kg/m2 (19.8-24.0 kg/m2) vs. 22.9 kg/m2 (20.9-25.5 kg/m2), U=288 435.00]. The proportions of a family history of diabetes, history of GDM and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were all higher in the GDM group compared to the control group [9.6% (127/1 317) vs. 19.1% (70/367), χ 2=24.71; 0.8% (2/1 317) vs. 10.8% (8/367), χ 2=20.00; 9.1% (120/1 317) vs. 15.3% (56/367), χ 2=11.59] (all P<0.001). The GDM group had higher early pregnancy fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and TyG indices compared to the control group [4.51 mmol/L (4.28-4.75 mmol/L) vs. 4.68 mmol/L (4.42-4.97 mmol/L), U=7.14; 1.23 mmol/L (0.93-1.57 mmol/L) vs. 1.43 mmol/L (1.09-1.89 mmol/L), U=4.81; 8.39±0.41 vs. 8.59±0.43, t=6.46]. The incidence of gestational anemia and weight gain were lower in the GDM group compared to the control group [39.2% (516/1 317) vs. 33.0% (121/367), χ 2=4.71; 17.0 kg (13.7-20.5 kg) vs. 15.0 kg (12.0-18.3 kg), U=187 966.00] (all P<0.05). The proportion of male newborns in the GDM group was higher than in the control group [52.5% (1 384/2 634) vs. 46.7% (343/734), χ 2=7.77, P=0.005]. (3) Early pregnancy TyG index was associated with GDM in twin pregnancies ( OR=3.164, 95% CI: 2.371-4.220, P<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, history of GDM, history of macrosomia, and family history of diabetes, the early pregnancy TyG index remained associated with GDM ( OR=2.560, 95% CI: 1.884-3.478, P<0.001). Analysis of the early pregnancy TyG index divided into tertiles (corresponding TyG indices of 8.25 and 8.59) revealed that, compared to those with a low TyG index, those with a mid TyG index had a 0.555-fold increased risk of GDM ( OR=1.555, 95% CI: 1.119-2.159, P=0.008), and those with a high TyG index had a 1.564-fold increased risk of GDM ( OR=2.564, 95% CI: 1.836-3.530, P<0.001). Stratified analysis by age, BMI, and mode of conception showed that the early pregnancy TyG index was associated with GDM in twin pregnancies (all P<0.001). (4) The threshold value for the early pregnancy TyG index to predict GDM in twin pregnancies was 8.33, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.632, 95% CI: 0.600-0.665, sensitivity of 0.744, and specificity of 0.436. The AUC in twin pregnancies for those who conceived via ART was 0.635 (95% CI: 0.593-0.676, P<0.001), slightly higher than in those who conceived naturally (AUC=0.628, 95% CI: 0.576-0.681, P<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, history of GDM, and family history of diabetes, the AUC for the early pregnancy TyG index to predict GDM in twin pregnancies was 0.675 (95% CI: 0.644-0.707). For those who conceived via ART, the AUC (95% CI) was 0.675 (0.634-0.717), slightly lower than for those who conceived naturally [0.682 (0.632-0.733)] (all P<0.001). Conclusion:A high TyG index in the first trimester is a risk factor for GDM in twin pregnancies, but its predictive value for GDM in twin pregnancies needs further research to be confirmed.