Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene

Objective:To explore the clinical value of CT identification of vascular variations in the dorsal side of right middle segmental bronchus before thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 3 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy at Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from July 2022 to March 2024 and had a variant blood vessel on the dorsal side of the right middle segmental bronchus. Relevant literature was also reviewed.Results:Among the 3 patients, 2 were female and 1 was male, with ages of 66, 50 and 69 years old, respectively. Prior to admission, imaging examinations revealed space-occupying lesions or nodes in the right lung, and all patients underwent thoracoscopic right lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection. Postoperative pathology diagnosed adenocarcinoma in the lower lobe of the right lung, cystic adenoma in the upper lobe of the right lung and invasive adenocarcinoma in the lower lobe of the right lung. Preoperative chest CT scans revealed an abnormal blood vessel on the dorsal side of the right middle segmental bronchus, and its direction and confluence with the right lower pulmonary vein or left atrium were observed on the downward CT imaging. This was confirmed and treated accordingly during surgery. All 3 patients had no postoperative complications and recovered smoothly. Follow-up showed good health status.Conclusions:The vascular variation on the dorsal side of the right middle segmental bronchus has obvious characteristic manifestations on chest CT. Identifying the variation by CT before thoracoscopic lobectomy can effectively ensure surgical safety and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of ( acute myocardial infarction , AMI ) in elderly patients with ( hyperuricemia , HUA) in Suzhou, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AMI in patients with HUA. Methods Among of 356 patients with hyperuricemia aged ≥60 years who were admitted to Suzhou Jiulong Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into control group and AMI group according to whether they were complicated with AMI. The clinical data of the patients were collected from the medical record system, and the types of AMI and the lesions of the three main coronary vessels in patients with HUA were statistically analyzed. The serum BNP level and LVEF value of the two groups were compared. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the risk factors of AMI in patients with HUA. Results Fifty-five cases (15.45%) of 356 patients with HUA developed AMI, including 31 males and 24 females. There were 26 patients (47.27%) with NSTEMI and 29 patients (52.73%) with STEMI. In addition, 30 cases (54.55%) had three-vessel lesions. Compared with the control group, the male ratio, average age, smoking history ratio, systolic blood pressure, FPG, LDL-C and Hcy levels in the AMI group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while LVEF values decreased (P<0.05). Smoking history (OR=2.987), high LDL-C (OR=3.439), high Hcy (OR=2.672) and high FPG (OR=3.874) were risk factors for AMI in patients with HUA (P<0.05). Conclusion HUA patients in Suzhou area have a high risk of AMI, and most of them are STEMI patients, with the characteristics of multi vessel branch lesions. For HUA patients with smoking history, poor control of Hcy, LDL-C and FPG, the risk of AMI is higher. Smoking cessation and control of LDL-C, Hcy and FPG levels should be actively adopted to reduce the risk of AMI.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infections have raged globally for more than 2 years.China has always adopted scientific and effective prevention and control measures to achieved some success.However, with the continuous variation of SARS-CoV-2 cases and imported cases from abroad, the prevention and control work has become more difficult and complex.With the variation of the mutant strain, the number of cases in children changed, and some new special symptoms and complications were found, which proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.Based on the third edition, the present consensus according to the characteristics of the new strain, expounded the etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and according to the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of effective prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.

Gait adaptability refers to adjustments of gait to accomplish walking and to overcome environmental difficulties. According to the training environment, gait adaptability training in stroke rehabilitation can be divided into two categories: real environment and simulated environment. The simulated environment is divided into simple indoor and multimoding environment. Some technologies, such as virtual reality and augmented reality may provide safer and more efficient methods for gait adaptability training. Gait adaptability training can improve walking function and confidence of hemiplegic patients, and help them to return to community life and social participation.