Peri-implant diseases have a relatively high incidence,and immune-inflammatory re-sponses are closely associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.The complement sys-tem is a vital component of the immune system.Its activation not only regulates the initiation and pro-gression of inflammatory responses but also plays a crucial role in bone remodeling.This review sum-marizes the roles of the core complement components C3 and C5 in various stages of bone remodeling after implant placement,as well as in peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.The aim of the pa-per was to provide novel insights for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis through targeted regulation of complement protein levels.

Objective:To discuss the effect of chrysophanol on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced oxidative damage of the EA.hy926 cells,and to clarify its therapeutic role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and related mechanism.Methods:The EA.hy926 cells were induced with 25,50,100,200,400,800,and 1 600 μmol·L-1 H2O2,and 8,16,32,64,128,and 256 μmol·L-1 chrysophanol.CCK-8 method was used to detect the viabilities of the EA.hy926 cells treated with different concentrations of H2O2 and chrysophanol.The cells were divided into control group,model group(200 μmol·L-1 H2O2),low dose of chrysophanol group(8 μmol·L-1 chrysophanol and 200 μmol·L-1 H2O2),and high dose of emodin group(256 μmol·L-1 chrysophanol and 200 μmol·L-1 H2O2).Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus in various groups;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the AIF nuclear translocation in the cells in various groups;kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(Caspase)-8,and Caspase-9 in the cells in various groups.Results:Under different concentrations of H2O2,the viabilities of EA.hy926 cells showed an inverted S-shaped curve,with good cell viability,and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 261.52 μmol·L-1.The cell model was induced by 200 μmol·L-1 H2O2 for 24 h.As the increaseing of concentration of chrysophanol,there was no significant change of the viability in the EA.hy926 cells(P>0.05),and interventions were performed using 8 and 256 μmol·L-1 chrysophanol.The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression level of AIF protein in the nucleus in model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression level of AIF protein in the cytoplasm was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the expression levels of AIF protein in the nucleus in both low and high doses of chrysophanol groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level of AIF protein in the cytoplasm was significantly increased(P<0.05).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that AIF was less localized in the nucleus in the cells in control group.Compared with control group,the positive value of AIF nuclear translocation in model group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the positive values of AIF nuclear translocation in both low and high doses of chrysophanol groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the activity of SOD in the cells in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the level of MDA was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the activities of SOD in the cells in low and high doses of chrysophanol groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the level of MDA was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the levels of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in the cells among various groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Chrysophanol improves the H2O2-induced apoptosis of the EA.hy926 cells by inhibiting the oxidative stress and AIF nuclear translocation,which may be beneficial for the treatment of BPD.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of insulin(INS) on brain in septic rats,and explore the possible role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in these effects.Methods Fifty male specific pathogen free(SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control (CN) group(n=10),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(n=20) and INS group (n=20) according to random number table.The septic rat model was established through an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg LPS of gram-negative bacteria.The rats in the INS group received a 1 U/kg INS injection subcutaneously 30 minutes before the injection of LPS,and the rats in the CN group were given equivalent 9 g/L saline in the same way.Eight rats in each group were killed,and their cerebral cortex were collected after the injection of LPS for 24 h.Pathological change of cerebral cortex was detected by Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining.The cerebral cortex mitochondia were extracted for detecting the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD).Neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining.UCP2 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time(RT)-PCR.Apoptosis-associated protein B lymphocyte tumor-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific protease(cleaved Caspase-9) and UCP2 protein expression were determined by Western blot.Results (1)Compared with the CN group,obvious abnormal pathological change was revealed by HE staining in cerebral cortex of rats in the LPS group and the INS group,but the pathological change was attenuated in the INS group compared with the LPS group.(2)Compared with the CN group,the levels of mitochondrial ROS[(210.01±14.09) RFU vs.(49.06±7.28) RFU] and MDA[(2.19±0.18) nmol/mg pro vs.(1.25±0.11)nmol/mg pro]in the LPS group significantly increased,whereas SOD activity significantly decreased [(238.49±35.60) U/g pro vs.(446.66±24.90)U/g pro],and the differences were significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the LPS group,the levels of ROS [(152.69±15.83) RFU vs.(210.01±14.09) RFU] and MDA[(1.55±0.14) nmol/mg pro vs.(2.19±0.18) nmol/mg pro] in the INS group decreased,while SOD activity increased[(327.8±23.26) U/g pro vs.(238.49± 35.60) U/g pro],and the differences were significant(all P<0.05).(3)Compared with the CN group,the neuronal apoptosis index of cortex in the LPS group was elevated[(54.16±6.84)% vs.(5.45±1.43)%],while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased (627±0.018 vs.0.739±0.020),but the expressions of Bax(0.768±0.019 vs.0.520±0.010) and cleaved Caspase-9(0.739±0.016 vs.0.467±0.030) increased,and the differences were significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the LPS group,the neuronal apoptosis index of cortex in the INS group decreased [(33.30±3.07)% vs.(54.16±6.84)%],but the Bcl-2 expression increased (0.743±0.022 vs.0.627±0.018),and Bax (0.687±0.034 vs.0.768±0.019) and cleaved Caspase-9(0.551±0.013 vs.0.739±0.016) were reduced,and the differences were significant (all P<0.05).(4)Compared with the CN group,the mRNA (2.248±0.155 vs.1.000±0.100) and protein expression of UCP2 (0.659±0.016 vs.0.599±0.018) were elevated in the LPS group.Compared with the LPS group,the UCP2 mRNA (2.944±0.117 vs.2.248±0.155) and UCP2 protein (0.719±0.018 vs.0.659±0.016) increased,and the differences were significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions INS can protect the brain of septic rats through alleviating mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibiting the mitochondrial-initiated apoptotic pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis.INS upregulates UCP2 expression in the brain of septic rats,which may play a role in the protective effects mentioned above.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM)with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)infection in children.Methods Children with IMwho were all positive for EBV and hospitalized in our department from January 2008 to July 2015 were included and divided into the EBV +MP group and the EBV group according to the results of MP.The manifestations,laboratory variables and outcomes were compared in the two groups.Results Of all these 61 cases,18 children (29.51%)were accompanied with EBV and MP infection.The age of the EBV +MP group was older than the EBV group [(4.44 ±2.75)vs (2.90 ± 2.08)years,t =2.401,P =0.02].Moderate to severe enlarged tonsils,hepatomegaly and complications (especially cough and gastrointestinal symptoms)were more common in the EBV +MP group than the EBV group with significant differences (remarkable tonsillitis:88.89 vs 48.84%,hepatomegaly:55.56 vs 13.95%,complications:72.22 vs 44.19%;χ2 =8.529,10.719 and 3.999 respectively;P =0.003,0.001 and 0.046 respectively).The WBC and lymphocyte counts,percentage of abnormal lymphocyte and the levels of glutamyltranspeptidase in the EBV +MP group were also significantly higher than the EBV group [WBC counts:(18.17 ±7.17)×109 /L vs (13.70 ±7.12)×109 /L], lymphocyte counts:(11.61 ±6.04)×109 /L vs (7.65 ±4.82)×109 /L,abnormal lymphocyte proportion:(20.69 ± 13.03)% vs (13.00 ±11.20)%,serum glutamyltranspeptidase:(99.41 ±91.20)U /L vs (47.95 ±69.22)U /L;t =2.231,2.716,2.215 and 2.239 respectively;P =0.029,0.009,0.031 and 0.029 respectively).But the average hospital stay and the recovery time of manifestations showed no significant differences in the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion IMchildren with EBV and MP infection have more cases with moderate to severe enlarged tonsils,hepa-tomegaly and complications,moreover present higher lymphocyte and similar outcomes.MP should be tested in all IM children.The early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to improve the prognosis of IM children with EBV and MP infection.