Current diagnostic techniques for male infertility primarily require invasive testing of sperm.Clinically,there is a need for a reliable,non-invasive analysis method that provides precise information about sperm quality without compromising sperm cell integrity.Raman spectroscopy,utilizing the inelastic scattering spectra of light,offers a rapid,simple,repeatable,and non-destructive approach for both qualitative and quantitative analysis,gaining widespread application in medicine.This paper reviews the fundamental characteristics of Raman spectroscopy and its applications in the male reproductive system.

ObjectiveTo understand the situation of nosocomial infection in cancer hospitals and its changing trend， so as to provide a basis for adjusting the focus of nosocomial infection prevention and control in cancer hospitals. MethodsData of nosocomial infection quality control indices of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2019 to 2021 were obtained through the nosocomial infection monitoring system， and the changes of these indices across the three years were analyzed by Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021， the incidence rates of nosocomial infection in this hospital were 0.80%， 0.78% and 0.57%， which decreased significantly year by year （P<0.001）. Among them， surgical site and respiratory system infection were more common， accounting for 35.75% and 31.08%， respectively. Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were the main pathogens. The incidence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital increased year by year， from 0.08‰ to 0.14‰ （P<0.001）， among which methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus， carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter and bacteria producing ultra-broad spectrum β-lactamase （ESBLs） bacteria increased significantly. The incidence rates of three-tube associated infections were no different across 3 years （P>0.05）， which were still at high levels. ConclusionFrom 2019 to 2021， the prevention and control of nonsocomial infection in the cancer hospital has been improved overall. Meanwhile， the infections of respiratory system and surgical sites， ESBLs related multidrug-resistant bacteria and three-tube are weak links in cancer specialized hospitals， which need to be emphasized and improved.

Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZG) has been investigated in basic studies, with satisfactory effects on insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This translational approach aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of LGZG in clinical setting. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed. A total of 243 eligible participants with NAFLD were equally allocated to receive LGZG (two groups: standard dose and low dose) or placebo for 12 weeks on the basis of lifestyle modifications. The primary efficacy variable was homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Analyses were performed in two populations in accordance with body mass index (BMI; overweight/obese, BMI ⩾ 24 kg/m²; lean, BMI < 24 kg/m²). For overweight/obese participants, low-dose LGZG significantly decreased their HOMA-IR level compared with placebo (-0.19 (1.47) versus 0.08 (1.99), P = 0.038). For lean subjects, neither dose of LGZG showed a superior effect compared with placebo. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and real-time qPCR found that the DNA N6-methyladenine modification levels of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A (PPP1R3A) and autophagy related 3 (ATG3) significantly increased after LGZG intervention in overweight/obese population. Low-dose LGZG effectively improved insulin resistance in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of DNA N6-methyladenine modification of PPP1R3A and ATG3. Lean subjects may not be a targeted population for LGZG.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy* ; Overweight/drug therapy* ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity/drug therapy* ; China ; DNA/therapeutic use*

Aim To study the effeet of Wenyang Hua- Nrpl signaling pathway in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) zhuo Tongluo formula ( WYHZTLF) on the Sema3A/ mouse model, and to explore its mechanism in the treatment of SSe.Methods The systemic sclerosis mouse model was constructed and divided into control group, model group, WYHZTLF low (21 g • kg 1 ) , medium (42 g • kg 1 ) , high (84 g • kg 1 ) dose group and the Sema3A inhibitor epigallocatechol gallate (EGCG) group.All groups were given intragastric administration for four weeks, and the control and model groups were treated with saline.Histopathology and dermal thickness were detected by HE, VEGFA pro-tein expression levels were detected by immunohisto- chemistry; the protein expression levels of Sema3A, Nrpl and VEGFA were determined by Western blot; Sema3A expression levels in mouse serum were detec-terl by ELISA.Results Comparer] with model group, WYHZTLF significantly alleviated the skin lesions in systemic sclerosis mouse model, significantly inhibited the dermal thickness, inhibited the protein expression levels of VEGFA, Sema3A and Nrpl , and reduced the expression levels of serum Sema3A.Conclusion WYHZTLF can improve the vascular injury of SSc, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of VEGFA and Sema3A/Nrpl signaling pathway.

Natural product bufotenine (5) which could be isolated from Venenum Bufonis, has been widely used as a tool in central nervous system (CNS) studies. We present here its quaternary ammonium salt (6) which was synthesized with high yields using 5-benzyloxyindole as raw materials, and we firstly discover its analgesic effects in vivo. The analgesic evaluation showed that compounds 5 and 6 had stronger effects on the behavior of formalin induced pain in mice. Moreover, the combination of compound 6 and morphine has a synergistic effect. We intended to explain the molecular mechanism of this effect. Therefore, 36 analgesic-related targets (including 15 G protein-coupled receptors, 6 enzymes, 13 ion channels, and 2 others) were systemically evaluated using reverse docking. The results indicate that bufotenine and its derivatives are closely related to acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) or α

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging, navigation, and robotic intervention. In this article, we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical robots. We conclude this review by summarizing the current state, emerging trends, and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication in liver transplantation (LT) and it is closely related to the recovery of grafts' function. Researches has verified that both innate and adaptive immune system are involved in the development of IRI and Kupffer cell (KC), the resident macrophages in the liver, play a pivotal role both in triggering and sustaining the sterile inflammation. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by the initial dead cell because of the ischemia insult, firstly activate the KC through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors. Activated KCs is the dominant players in the IRI as it can secret various pro-inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the injury and recruit other types of immune cells from the circulation. On the other hand, KCs can also serve in a contrary way to ameliorate IRI by upregulating the anti-inflammatory factors. Moreover, new standpoint has been put forward that KCs and macrophages from the circulation may function in different way to influence the inflammation. Managements towards KCs are expected to be the effective way to improve the IRI.
Cytokines ; Hand ; Immune System ; Inflammation ; Ischemia* ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Macrophages* ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Toll-Like Receptors

Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of shovel-shaped electrode transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) with those of plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 78 BPH patients received in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from June 2016 to January 2017, 39 treated by shovel-shaped electrode PKEP and the other 39 by PKRP. We observed the patients for 6 months postoperatively and compared the effects and safety of the two surgical strategies. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the PKEP and PKRP groups in the operation time (［69.3 ± 8.8］ vs ［72.2 ± 7.9］ min, P = 0.126), but the former, as compared with the latter, showed a markedly less postoperative loss of hemoglobin (［3.9 ± 2.8］ vs ［13.9 ± 5.2］ g/L, P <0.001) and shorter bladder irrigation time (［12.5 ± 1.2］ vs ［43.4 ± 2.8］ h, P <0.001), catheterization time (［64.0 ± 4.5］ vs ［84.8 ± 3.0］ h, P <0.001) and hospital stay (［3.1 ± 0.3］ vs ［5.5 ± 0.4］ d, P <0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the PKEP and PKRP groups in the postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) (［21.62 ± 1.07］ vs ［21.03 ± 0.96］ ml/s, P = 0.12), International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) (5.85 ± 0.90 vs 6.03 ± 0.81, P = 0.279), quality of life score (QoL) (2.0 ± 0.73 vs 2.28 ± 0.72, P = 0.09), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) (［19.59 ± 6.01］ vs ［20.21 ± 5.16］ ml, P = 0.629), or the incidence rates of urinary incontinence (2.56% ［1/39］ vs 7.69% ［3/39］, P >0.05) and other postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Both PKEP and PKRP are effective methods for the treatment of BPH, but PKEP is worthier of clinical recommendation for a better safety profile, more thorough removal of the prostate tissue, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and better improved quality of life of the patient.
China ; Electrodes ; adverse effects ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the strategy and countermeasures of Oncomelania hupensis snail control and evaluate the effect in inside-embankment areas of lake-type schistosomiasis endemic area,for providing the effective method for controlling and interrupting the schistosomiasis transmission. Methods The data of schistosomiasis epidemic and its control and preven-tion were collected in Junshan District,Hunan Province,and the effect of snail control countermeasures were evaluated and the trend of indexes of snails was drafted in the inside-embankment areas of Junshan District,Hunan Province from 1998 to 2007. Results The area with snails in the inside embankment areas of Junshan District decreased by 98.43%,from 1496.66 hm2 in 1998 to 23.48 hm2 in 2017. The occurrence rate and average density of of living snails decreased from 20.61%and 0.45 snail/0.1 m2 in 2003 to 2.06%and 0.03 snail/0.1 m2 in 2017. The highest area with schistosome infected snails was found in 2001 and the total area was 79.36 hm2,however,no infected snails were found since 2007. The total fiscal investment for schistosomiasis pre-vention and control was 398.857 million RMB in Junshan District,including molluscicide(81.7709 million RMB)and environ-ment reform(213.5 million RMB)respectively. Conclusion The comprehensive measures,mainly including the combination of molluscicide and environment reform have gotten a significant effect in snail control and elimination in the inside-embankment areas,but the snail surveillance still need to be strengthened in the historic areas with snails.