Objective To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester,and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group(n=52)in the third trimester and the control group(n=55)by randomized controlled grouping method.The t-test,χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes,neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery,delivery methods,breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate.The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe,and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery,and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

Objective To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester,and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group(n=52)in the third trimester and the control group(n=55)by randomized controlled grouping method.The t-test,χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes,neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery,delivery methods,breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate.The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe,and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery,and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

Objective:To study the soil physical and chemical properties， microorganisms， and metabolites in different culture environments of Gastrodia elata， so as to provide scientific basis for subsequent cultivation of G. elata in multiple environments. Method:The tubersphere soil of G. elata cultured in different environments was collected for analyzing the soil nutrients， microbial numbers， and metabolite differences using the agrochemical method， plate-count method， and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GC-TOF-MS）-based non-targeted metabonomic approach. Result:The analysis of soil physical and chemical properties revealed the highest soil moisture， pH， available potassium， and available phosphorus in the spinney and the highest electrical conductivity， total nitrogen， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， and organic matter in the pinewood. As demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of soil microorganisms， the cultivable microorganisms were bacteria， actinomycetes， and fungi， with the bacterial population and total microbial biomass in the spinney and the number of fungi and actinomycetes in the barren slope detected to be the largest. The ratio of bacteria to fungi （B/F value） in the pinewood was the highest， while that in the barren slope was the lowest. The results of metabonomic research demonstrated that the compositions and quantities of soil metabolites in the spinney （Z group）， pinewood （S group）， and barren slope （HD group） varied. Through comparisons between S and Z groups， between HD and Z groups， as well as between HD and S groups by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， 18， 35， and 24 differential metabolites were separately screened out， and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis yielded 5， 9， and 13 metabolic pathways. There existed a significant causal relationship of the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial numbers with the metabolites. Conclusion:The soil physical and chemical properties， microbial numbers， and metabolite changes differed significantly in different culture environments of G. elata， which were sorted by the suitability in a descending order as follows： spinney > pinewood >barren slope. The soil physical and chemical properties and microbial numbers are the crucial factors driving changes in soil metabolites， suggesting that regulating the soil physical and chemical characteristics and microbial characteristics in the culture environment is an important mechanism for maintaining the G. elata-soil-microbial symbiotic system.

Objective To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species. Methods The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems (lakes, rivers and wetlands) and its costal lands in Xihu District, Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification. Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene, and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships. Results Pomacea specimens, which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea, were found in ponds, rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens, which belonged to 3 haplotypes, including Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3. A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3, and a low frequency was found in Hap2. The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P. canaliculata and P. maculate. The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, China, while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. maculate from Argentina and Brazil. Conclusions P. canaliculata and P. maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. P. maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the levels of D-dimer and inflammatory factors C-reactive protein（CRP）and prognosis in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia（COVID-19）.Methods The clinical data of a total of 242 patients with COVID-19 who were treated in hospital from February 4th 2020 to February 18th 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the classification standard,the patients with COVID-19 were divided into common patients(131 cases), severe patients（88 cases）, and critical patients（23 cases）. The difference between the levels of D-dimer and CRP in patients with pneumonia of different severity and clinical outcomes was compared and the correlation between D-dimer and CRP was analyzed.ResultsThe levels of D-dimer and CRP in severe and critical patients were significantly higher than those in common patients(P<0.05). The levels of CRP in critical patients were significantly higher than those in severe patients(P<0.05). These two indicator levels of patients who died of COVID-19 within 30 dayswere significantly higher than those who survived. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of D-dimer were positively correlated with the levels of CRP(r=0.649，P<0.05).ConclusionD-dimer and CRP are highly expressed in severe and critical patients, and the severe abnormality of the two indicators in the early stage of COVID-19 predicted the poor prognosis. D-dimer and CRP have certain clinical value in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Twenty-seven six-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into three groups in accordance with a random number table: normal group (no surgery-induced OA; without treatment), model group (surgery-induced OA; without treatment) and EA group [surgery-induced OA; received treatment with EA at acupoints Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 5), 30 min twice a day]. After eight consecutive weeks of treatment, the histopathological alterations in cartilage were observed using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin's score principles, the synovial fluid concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, IκB kinase-β (IKK-β), nuclear factor of α light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκB-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were quantified by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: EA treatment significantly improved cartilage structure arrangement and reduced cellular degeneration. The IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-3 of synovial fluid in the EA-treated group were significantly decreased compared with the model group (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, IKK-β and NF-κB p65 protein expressions in cartilage of EA-treated group were significantly decreased (all P<0.01), whereas IκB-α expression was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA treatment may delay cartilage degeneration by down-regulating inflammatory factors through NF-κB signaling pathway, which may, in part, explain its clinical efficacy in the treatment of knee OA.

Liver fibrosis is a tissue repair compensatory response to liver injury caused by various chronic factors, ultimately leading to liver cirrhosis, liver failure and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells is the cellular basis of liver fibrosis development. Pepstatin Pr, the derivative of pepstatin A, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950. Our purpose was to investigate the anti-fibrotic activity of pepstatin Pr and explore its molecular mechanism. Hepatic stellate cell LX-2 was stimulated by TGFβ1 and sub- sequently treated with pepstatin Pr. Its cytotoxicity was detected by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The expression of COL1A1, α-SMA and cathepsin D, signaling proteins TGFβ, Smad and YAP/TAZ were detected by Western blot or real-time PCR. The results showed that pepstatin Pr was not cytotoxic to LX-2 cells. And pepstatin Pr significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of COL1A1 and α-SMA, which are important liver fibrosis markers. Pepstatin Pr also repressed the protein expression level of cathepsin D, TGFβ1, YAP/TAZ, the phospholation level of Smad2, and YAP nuclear translocation. In conclusion, pepstatin Pr exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in TGFβ1-stimulaed LX-2 cells by mediating YAP-TGFβ-Smad pathway.

BACKGROUNDLhasa is the main residence of Tibetans and one of the highest cities in the world. Its unique geography and ethnic population provide the chance to investigate the interactions among high altitude, ethnicity, and cardiac adaptation. Meanwhile, echocardiographic data about healthy Tibetans on a large scale are not available. This study aimed to analyze physiological factors related to ventricular size and valvular function in healthy Tibetans in Lhasa.

METHODSA representative sample of residents in Tibet was recruited using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements and Doppler evaluation for valvular function were performed. Healthy Tibetans in Lhasa constituted the study population. Associations between physiological parameters and ventricular dimensions in healthy Tibetans were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. Factors related to valvular regurgitations were determined by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe 454 healthy Tibetans (340 females and 114 male) in Lhasa were included in the final analysis. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that weight was positively correlated with the proximal right ventricular outflow diameter and the basal left ventricular linear dimension in both genders. Weight and pulse were negatively related to mild tricuspid regurgitation. Age was a positive factor for pulmonary and aortic regurgitations. The same was found between systolic blood pressure and mitral regurgitation.

CONCLUSIONSWeight is associated with ventricular size and valvular regurgitation in healthy Tibetans. It should be of more concern in research of high altitude population.

Background: Lhasa is the main residence of Tibetans and one of the highest cities in the world. Its unique geography and ethnic population provide the chance to investigate the interactions among high altitude, ethnicity, and cardiac adaptation. Meanwhile, echocardiographic data about healthy Tibetans on a large scale are not available. This study aimed to analyze physiological factors related to ventricular size and valvular function in healthy Tibetans in Lhasa. Methods: A representative sample of residents in Tibet was recruited using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Two?dimensional echocardiographic measurements and Doppler evaluation for valvular function were performed. Healthy Tibetans in Lhasa constituted the study population. Associations between physiological parameters and ventricular dimensions in healthy Tibetans were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. Factors related to valvular regurgitations were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: The 454 healthy Tibetans (340 females and 114 male) in Lhasa were included in the final analysis. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that weight was positively correlated with the proximal right ventricular outflow diameter and the basal left ventricular linear dimension in both genders. Weight and pulse were negatively related to mild tricuspid regurgitation. Age was a positive factor for pulmonary and aortic regurgitations. The same was found between systolic blood pressure and mitral regurgitation. Conclusions: Weight is associated with ventricular size and valvular regurgitation in healthy Tibetans. It should be of more concern in research of high altitude population.

Objective To evaluate the association of cervical cancer and the G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon -4 in Chinese population.Methods Literatures were searched in CNKI,VIP,CBM, PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library (Issue 1,2015),WanFang Data Database (1980—2015)with computer. Results Thirteen studies involving 1 780 cervical cancer patients and 1 5 17 healthy volunteers were included.According to the situation of the HPV infection in research object,thirteen studies were divided into two subgroups.The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of non-HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.558 -1.723).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR=1.070,95%CI:0.789-1.449)The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.891,95%CI:0.213 -3.722).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR =0.981,95%CI:0.493 -1.951 ).Conclusion This meta -analysis demonstrates that G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon-4 were not associated with cervical cancer in Chinese women.