OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early clinical efficacy, safety, and application value of one-hole split endoscopy (OSE)-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 17 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent OSE-assisted TLIF between June 2023 and June 2024. There were 10 males and 7 females, with a mean of (55.30±6.52) years old ranging 43 to 65 years. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 36 months with a mean of(12.4±13.3) months. The disease distribution was as follows:lumbar disc herniation (7 cases), lumbar spinal stenosis (5 cases), and lumbar spondylolisthesis (2 cases). Operative time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, number of intraoperative fluoroscopic exposures, time to ambulation, postoperative hospital stay, and complications were recorded. The dural sac area at the affected segment, visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain and leg pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. The modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the surgical outcome at the final follow-up. RESULTS: All 17 patients successfully underwent surgery and were followed up for 3 to 15 months with a mean of (8.4±3.3) months. The operative time was 120 to 200 minutes with a mean of (143.2±22.0) minutes, the incision length on the decompression side was 1.80 to 4.00 cm with a mean of (2.56±0.65) cm, intraoperative blood loss was 50 to 300 ml with a mean of (161.2±72.5) ml, the number of fluoroscopic exposures was 15 to 38 with a mean of (23.4±6.5), time to ambulation was 24 to 72 hours with a mean of (49.2±11.9) hours, and postoperative hospital stay was 3 to 9 days with a mean of (4.9±1.5) days. Two patients developed transient lower limb pain and numbness, which completely resolved with conservative treatment. The postoperative dural sac area was (121.47±14.90) mm², which was significantly larger than the preoperative area (51.47±7.69) mm²(P<0.001). The VAS for low back pain were (6.23±1.64), (2.94±1.43), and (1.94±0.75) at preoperation, 3 days postoperation, and final follow-up, respectively;the VAS for leg pain were (7.06±1.43), (2.35±1.17), and (2.06±0.90) at the same time points. The VAS at all postoperative time points were significantly lower than preoperative scores (P<0.001). The ODI at final follow-up was (25.29±8.15)%, which was significantly better than the preoperative ODI of(82.35±5.16)%(P<0.001). At the final follow-up, the MacNab surgical outcome was excellent in 11 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases. CONCLUSION OSE-assisted TLIF is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive technique with a gentle learning curve for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, capable of effectively relieving symptoms and improving function.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Adult ; Aged ; Spinal Fusion/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery* ; Spondylolisthesis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

The present study aimed to explore whether hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) improved hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group, normal+NaHS group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+NaHS group, with 6 rats in each group. The control group rats were placed in a normoxic (21% O₂) environment and received daily intraperitoneal injections of an equal volume of normal saline. The normal+NaHS group rats were placed in a normoxic environment and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. The hypoxia group rats were placed in a hypoxia chamber, and the oxygen controller inside the chamber maintained the oxygen concentration at 9% to 10% by controlling the N₂ flow rate. An equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally every day. The hypoxia+NaHS group rats were also placed in an hypoxia chamber and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. After the completion of the four-week modeling, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of each group was measured using right heart catheterization technique, and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was weighed and calculated. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue, Masson staining was used to observe fibrosis of lung tissue, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD-N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N), Caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue. The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, there were no significant changes in all indexes in the normal+NaHS group, while the hypoxia group exhibited significantly increased mPAP and RVHI, thickened pulmonary vascular wall, narrowed lumen, increased collagen fibers, up-regulated expression levels of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins (HK2 and PKM2), up-regulated expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, GSDMD-N, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), and increased contents of IL-1β and IL-18. These changes of the above indexes in the hypoxia group were significantly reversed by NaHS. These results suggest that H₂S can improve rat HPH by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Hydrogen Sulfide/therapeutic use* ; Hypoxia/complications* ; Rats ; Pyroptosis/drug effects*

Due to the poor ionization efficiency and the weak mass spectrometry(MS)intensity of weakly polar substances,direct analysis using the traditional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)is a big challenge.In this study,a novel rapid on-site detection method of four prohibited sex hormones in cosmetics was proposed using online derivatization strategy coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer.The target substances in the samples were extracted by a custom-made polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube solid-phase microextraction(SPME)probe.The stirring speed was 200 r/min,the extraction temperature was 40℃,and the extraction time was 2 min.A pulled dual-channel θ borosilicate glass capillary emitter was used as the nano-ESI ion source.The SPME probe was inserted into the channel containing methanol in theθborosilicate glass capillary.When the spray voltage was applied,the four sex hormones were desorbed and formed spray microdroplets,which then collided with the hydroxylamine microdroplets generated from the other channel.The microdroplets of reaction product entered into the miniature mass spectrometer for direct analysis.The limits of detection(LOD)and limits of quantification(LOQ)for the four sex hormones were 10-20 ng/mL and 20-50 ng/mL,respectively.The recoveries were from 84.6%to 107.8%with the relative standard deviations(RSD)from 4.1%to 11.6%.Compared to detection without derivatization,the MS signals of the four target substances were increased by 3 to 15 times.This method was simple,rapid,highly efficient and sensitive,and suitable for on-site rapid analysis of weakly polar sex hormones in cosmetics.

Accurate pain assessment is a prerequisite for pain management.However,pain is a relatively subjective feeling greatly affected by the environment,education,and emotional state.Therefore,in diagnosing and treating pain,it is necessary not only to assess the subjective feelings of patients,but also to have stable and reliable objective indicators to evaluate the pain status of different patients.At present,there are many clinical tools for assessing and monitoring pain.This paper introduces the commonly used subjective assessment tools(single-dimensional pain assessment scale,multi-dimensional pain assessment scale)and objective assessment tools(surgical pleth index,analgesia and nociception index,nociceptive level index,and biomarkers),and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages,so as to provide reference for future clinical pain assessment.

Accurate pain assessment is a prerequisite for pain management.However,pain is a relatively subjective feeling greatly affected by the environment,education,and emotional state.Therefore,in diagnosing and treating pain,it is necessary not only to assess the subjective feelings of patients,but also to have stable and reliable objective indicators to evaluate the pain status of different patients.At present,there are many clinical tools for assessing and monitoring pain.This paper introduces the commonly used subjective assessment tools(single-dimensional pain assessment scale,multi-dimensional pain assessment scale)and objective assessment tools(surgical pleth index,analgesia and nociception index,nociceptive level index,and biomarkers),and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages,so as to provide reference for future clinical pain assessment.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:In order to construct a multisectoral cooperation evaluation index system for chronic disease prevention and control in the Healthy China strategy,so as to provide a reference for the evaluation and improvement of multisectoral cooperation work.Methods:The initial indicator system was constructed based on D'Amour's cooperative structure model.Fifteen public health experts were selected to refine the evaluation indicators through two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method.Then weights of indicators were assigned according to AHP.Results:Experts'positive coefficient,level of authority and coordination of opinions were confirmed.The finalized evaluation index system for multisectoral cooperation in chronic disease prevention and control contains 5 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 34 third-level indicators.According to the weight,the indicators in first level were Shared Goals and Vision(0.222 8),Internalization(0.158 7),Formalization(0.252 3),Governance(0.154 5)and Cooperation effects(0.211 8).Conclusions:The evaluation index system applicable to multisectoral cooperation in the prevention and control of chronic diseases in counties(cities/districts)is preliminarily established,which is highly scientific and operable,and lays the foundation for the next step of application and promotion.

ObjectiveAngle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the major eye-blinding diseases. To diagnose ACG, it is crucial to examine the anterior chamber angle. Current diagnostic tools include slit lamp gonioscopy, water gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Slit lamp and water gonioscopy allow convenient observation of the anterior chamber angle, but pose risks of invasive operation and eye infections. UBM can accurately measure the structure of the anterior chamber angle. However, it is complex to operate and unsuitable for patients, who have undergone trauma or ocular surgery. Although AS-OCT provides detailed images, it is costly. The aim of this study is to explore a non-invasive, non-destructive optical reflection tomography (ORT) technique. This technique can achieve low-cost three-dimensional imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of the porcine eye. MethodsThe experiment involved assembling an optical reflection tomography system, which included a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a telecentric system, a stepper motor, and a white light source, achieving a spatial resolution of approximately 8.5 μm. The process required positioning the porcine eye at the center of the field of the imaging system and rotating it around its central axis using a stepper motor. Reflection projection images were captured at each angle with an exposure time of 1.0 ms and an interval of 2°. The collected reflection-projection data were processed using a filtered reflection tomography algorithm, generating a series of two-dimensional slice data. These slices essentially represented cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional structural image, and were reconstructed into a complete three-dimensional structural image. Based on the reconstructed three-dimensional structural image of the porcine eye, the anterior chamber angles at different positions were measured, and a distribution map of these angles was drawn. Simultaneously, the ORT measurements were compared with the standard results obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the accuracy of ORT measurements. ResultsIn this study, we successfully obtained the reflection projection data of a porcine eye using ORT technology, reconstructed its three-dimensional structural image, and measured the anterior chamber angle, generating the corresponding distribution map. To better distinguish the different structural parts of porcine eye, the three-dimensional structural image was marked with blue, green, and yellow dashed lines from the outer to the inner layers. The area between the blue and green dashed lines corresponded to the sclera. The area between the green and yellow dashed lines corresponded to the iris. The area inside the yellow dashed line corresponded to the pupil. The three-dimensional structural image clearly revealed the key anatomical features of the porcine eye. It was able to measure the anterior chamber angle at different positions. Additionally, the anterior chamber angle measurements of the porcine eye using ORT were compared with the measurements obtained using a TEL320C1 type OCT system, showing an average deviation of 0.51° and a mean square error MSE of 0.317. ConclusionORT is a non-invasive, non-destructive, low-cost, and high-resolution imaging technique capable of achieving three-dimensional structural imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of a porcine eye. This technology offers a new perspective for the diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma and is significant for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of eye diseases, potentially benefiting clinics and small hospitals in remote areas in the future.

Humans ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic/diagnosis* ; Immunophenotyping