Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC_(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.
Phylogeny ; Pinellia/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Tubers

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.
Atractylodes ; Bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of proximal nerve stimulation at Erb point in the early diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children.

METHODSThirty-two children who were diagnosed with GBS between October 2013 and December 2014 received neurophysiological examination. Thirty healthy children were used as controls. Compound muscle action potentials and distal motor latency of the median and ulnar nerves were determined and analyzed after nerve stimulation at the wrist, elbow, and Erb point in the two groups. Moreover, F-wave latency of the median nerve and H-reflex latency of the tibial nerve were measured and analyzed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe F-wave and H-reflex latencies were significantly longer in the patient group than in the control group (P<0.05). In thirty-two patients, the numbers of patients with abnormal amplitude, abnormal latency, and conduction block at Erb's point were 24 (75%), 22 (69%), and 20 (62%), respectively. The patient group had significantly lower amplitudes but significantly longer latencies of the ulnar and median nerves at Erb point than the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the amplitudes and latencies at the wrist and elbow between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe nerve stimulation at Erb point holds promise as a routine examination for the early diagnosis of GBS.

Adolescent ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Electrodiagnosis ; methods ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; H-Reflex ; Humans ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; physiology ; Reaction Time

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the changes of the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with experimental decompression sickness (DCS). Methods Thirty-eight rabbits were put into the hyperbaric chamber. The pressure was increased to O. 6 Mpa within 5 min using compressed air and maintained for 60 rain, and then was decompressed to normal pressure within 3-5 min. Rabbits in HBO-1 group were exposed to HBO one time 1 h after decompression; rabbits in HBO-4 group were exposed to HBO (0.25 Mpa) once a day 1 h to 3 d after decompression. DCS control group: rabbits were exposed to the normal air once a day for 4 days after decompression. Normoxic hyperbaric nitrogen (NOHN) group: rabbits were exposed to NOHN (0.25 Mpa) once a day for 4 days after decompression. Control group: 4 rabbits were exposed to normal air. Results (1) The labeling index (LI) of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with DCS was obviously higher than that in the control group (P<0.01); (2) The LI of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell with DCS in HBO-1 group was higher than that in HBO-4 group (P<0.05); (3) The LI of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in HBO group was lower than that in DCS control group or NOHN group(P<0.05). Conclusions (1) Quick decompression can cause acute lung injury with the changes of the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell. (2) HBO can inhibit the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with DCS and have an beneficial effects on structural remodeling of acute lung injury. Many times HBO treatment is better than once.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the changes of the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with experimental decompression sickness (DCS). Methods Thirty-eight rabbits were put into the hyperbaric chamber. The pressure was increased to O. 6 Mpa within 5 min using compressed air and maintained for 60 rain, and then was decompressed to normal pressure within 3-5 min. Rabbits in HBO-1 group were exposed to HBO one time 1 h after decompression; rabbits in HBO-4 group were exposed to HBO (0.25 Mpa) once a day 1 h to 3 d after decompression. DCS control group: rabbits were exposed to the normal air once a day for 4 days after decompression. Normoxic hyperbaric nitrogen (NOHN) group: rabbits were exposed to NOHN (0.25 Mpa) once a day for 4 days after decompression. Control group: 4 rabbits were exposed to normal air. Results (1) The labeling index (LI) of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with DCS was obviously higher than that in the control group (P<0.01); (2) The LI of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell with DCS in HBO-1 group was higher than that in HBO-4 group (P<0.05); (3) The LI of proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in HBO group was lower than that in DCS control group or NOHN group(P<0.05). Conclusions (1) Quick decompression can cause acute lung injury with the changes of the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell. (2) HBO can inhibit the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cell in rabbits with DCS and have an beneficial effects on structural remodeling of acute lung injury. Many times HBO treatment is better than once.