Objective To evaluate the performance of the disposable medical protective clothing in blocking the penetration of infectious agents,in order to provide data support for the setting of such performance indexes when the GB 19082 is revised.Methods Totally 10 batches of different brands and models of protective clothing were selected,and tests were carried out for penetration resistance to synthetic blood,phage,wet microorganisms,dry microorganisms and contaminated liquid aerosol and particle filtration efficiency according to YY/T 0700-2008,YY/T 0689-2008,YY/T 0506.6-2009,GB 19082-2009,YY/T 0506.5-2009 and YY/T 1799-2020.Results There were 2 batches of protective clothing with anti-synthetic blood penetration performance level 2,3,4,5 and 6,respectively;all the protective clothing had the highest level 6 for anti-wet microorganisms penetration,part of whom had the levels for the resistance to phage penetration lower than those for preventing anti-synthetic blood penetration;all of the protective clothing had the particle filtration efficiencies higher than 95％,and had the highest level 3 for anti-dry microorganisms penetration;there're 5 batches of protective clothing with the highest level 3 for contaminated liquid aerosol penetration,1 batch with level 2 and the remained 4 batches with undetermined levels,which all had an average logarithmic reduction higher than 4.5 after penetration.Conclusion Particle filtration efficiency and resistance to phage penetration may be involved in the requirements for resistance to infective agent penetration in revised GB 19082 for evaluating the ability of protective clothing materials to block microorganisms in airborne particles and liquid contaminants.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(5):16-21]

The standard YY 1881-2023 Powered air-purifying respirator(PAPR)used in healthcare settings was introduced in terms of development background,foreign and China's standards involved in during its development and settings of related product performance indicators,which was interpreted from the aspects of scope of application,classificantion and marking of targeted products and main performance requirements.References were provided for correct understanding of the standard terms and product development,manufacturing,inspection and etc.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):1-6]

The standard YY 1887-2023 Positive pressure protective clothing(PPPC)for medical use was introduced in terms of development background and foreign and China's standards involved in during the standard development,which was interpreted from the aspects of scope of application,structural composition and main performancerequirements.References were provided for correct understanding of the standard terms and product development,manufacturing,inspection and etc.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):7-11]

The standard YY 1885-2023 Negative pressure isolators fortransport of infeectious patients was introduced in terms of development background,which was interpreted from the aspects of definition of terms,scope of application and performance requirements.References were provided for correct understanding of the standard terms and product development,manufac-turing,inspection and etc.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):12-15]

ObjectiveTo explore the value of MRI ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system （O-RADS MRI） in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian-adnexal masses.MethodsTotally 146 patients （202 masses） with ovarian-adnexal lesions who underwent pelvic examination at 3.0 T MRI according to standardized scan protocol of O-RADS MRI and were pathologically confirmed in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2020 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Two radiologists classified the ovarian-adnexal masses as risk levels 1~5 according to O-RADS MRI and evaluated their consistency by Cohen’s kappa. Using pathological findings as the gold standard， the detection yield of malignant lesions with O-RADS MRI classification was analyzed. Sensitivity， specificity， accuracy， and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated （cutoff for malignancy， score ≥ 4）.ResultsOf 202 masses， 62 （30.7%） were malignant， 140 （69.3%） were benign. The two radiologists presented good agreement in O-RADS MRI classification of ovarian adnexal masses （Kappa=0.932）. The malignancy rates of masses with scores of 1， 2， 3， 4 and 5 were 0%， 0%， 7.7%， 95%， 97.6%， respectively. Sensitivity， specificity， accuracy， and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 96.8% （60/62）， 98.6% （138/140）， 98.0% （198/202）， 0.977.ConclusionsO-RADS MRI yields high diagnostic efficiency for benign and malignant ovarian adnexal masses and its widespread implementation will improve communication between radiologists and clinicians， and facilitate optimal patient management. Therefore， O-RADS MRI warrants widespread use in clinical setting.

Bacterial surface glycans perform a diverse and important set of biological roles, and have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. The majority of bacterial surface glycans are decorated with diverse rare functional groups, including amido, acetamidino, carboxamido and pyruvate groups. These functional groups are thought to be important constituents for the biological activities of glycans. Chemical synthesis of glycans bearing these functional groups or their variants is essential for the investigation of structure-activity relationships by a medicinal chemistry approach. To date, a broad choice of synthetic methods is available for targeting the different rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. This article reviews the structures of naturally occurring rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans, and the chemical methods used for installation of these groups.
Bacterial Infections ; Humans ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; Structure-Activity Relationship

The“14th Five-Year” National Eye Health Plan has been released and national eye health has risen as a national strategy. Cataract is the primary blinding eye disease in our country, which seriously affects the national eye health. Shaanxi Province, an old revolutionary base area in the western of China, has a relative lower socioeconomic level and about millions of people need to undergo cataract surgery. In 1996, multi-cooperation built the mobile ophthalmic operation vehicle — “Fuming No.1” to contribute the poverty alleviation initiative in Shaanxi Province. In the past 25a, “Fuming No.1” has taken the advantage of the convenience of mobile operation vehicles, implementing operations in rural, mountainous and old areas with weak medical services in Shaanxi Province. A total of more than 480 trips have been made, with a total mileage of more than 200 000 kilometers,covering 104 counties and districts in the province, and nearly 60 000 cases of cataract operations have been completed. “Fuming No.1” bring the light, relieve the pain for cataract patients and help them better fit the world. Furthermore, “Fuming No.1” also offers free operation and intraocular lens for more than 30 000 poor rural patients and reduces medical expenses by nearly 10 million yuan, which has obtained high praise and support from the patients and all walks of life. In addition, “Fuming No.1” is also a mobile training vehicle, which could improve the operation skills of ophthalmologists. In the process of teaching and training, the operations had also been completed with high quality. In view of the unbalanced economic development in our country, “Fuming No.1” will expand service projects, innovate work models, and continue to construct eye healthy in Shaanxi province, making greater contributions to consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.
Carbohydrates ; Glycosides ; Oligosaccharides ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polysaccharides/chemistry*

Plant natural products (PNPs) are important sources of innovative drugs. They are mainly obtained by isolation or extraction from plants. Low content and with structural analogues in plants result in high production cost, which restricts the research and application of PNPs. While biopathway construction by synthetic biology provides an alternative for production of PNPs. By biosynthetic pathway analysis of PNPs and reconstructing the biopathway in microorganisms, we can produce PNPs in cell factories efficiently. Recently, several predominantly international reports about biosynthesis of PNPs and its synthetic biology production, triggered the researches of PNPs. Abundant traditional Chinese medicine resources and profound cultural heritage of Chinese medicine make biosynthesis pathway analysis of PNPs to be a research hotspot. And some of the studies have achieved significant progress. Here, recent progress in the biosynthesis of plant natural products and its synthetic biology was reviewed. In particular, the application of new methods and technologies in recent years were summarized and discussed. This will provide reference for the biopathway construction of plant natural products.