Objective To discuss the application value of CT scanning technology in cause of death determination of medical dispute cases. Methods From July 2017 to December 2018, postmortem CT imaging data of 12 medical dispute cases were collected. CT imaging diagnosis results and anatomy findings as well as differences between antemortem and postmortem CT diagnosis were compared. The advantages and disadvantages of CT routine tests of the cadavers in terms of the diagnosis of disease and damage were analyzed. Results The comparison between CT imaging diagnosis and anatomical findings showed that CT scans had advantages in the diagnosis of disease and damage with large differences in density changes, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, calcification, fracture and hemorrhage, etc. The comparison of CT diagnosis in antemortem and postmortem examination showed that the cadavers of medical dispute cases were well preserved and that postmortem CT scan was meaningful for the diagnosis of antemortem diseases. Conclusion Virtual anatomy technology has a relatively high application value in postmortem examination of medical dispute cases. It can provide effective information for the appraisers before the autopsy and can also provide a reference for cause of death analysis when the anatomy cannot be performed.
Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the effect of Oncomelania hupensis snail control of cutting the beach group in the south of Shaobo Lake. Methods The general situation of the project of cutting the beach was surveyed, and the snail distribution was surveyed and the results were compared before and after cutting the beach in the beach group. Results The area of cutting beach was 928.33 hm², the cubic meter of earthwork was 1 717.00 m³, the area of dumping ground was 425.76 hm², the beach surface elevation was 3.2 m after cutting the beach, and the beach surface was fallen to 1.0 m under the ordinary water level. The area with snails was 44.69 hm² before cutting the beach in 2011 but the area with snails was 1.78 hm² after cutting the beach in 2018. The area with remaining snails was declined by 96.02% in 2018 as compared with that in 2011, and surviving snails were distributed on the uncut beach face. Conclusion In Shaobo Lake, the O. hupensis snail breeding environment is eliminated by raising or lowering the beach, so it is an effective measure of snail control in lake regions.

Dietary pattern has been revealed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the association was not well documented in Chinese due to the complexity of Chinese foods. We mainly assessed the dietary patterns and examined their effects on metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults. Four dietary patterns including 'Refined Grains & Vegetables' Pattern, 'Dairy & Eggs' Pattern, 'Organ Meat & Poultry' Pattern, and 'Coarse Grains & Beans' Pattern were extracted. 'Dairy & Eggs' Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of metabolic syndrome in women, and 'Coarse Grains & Beans' Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of hypertension in men. These results provided a scientific basis for future research and dietary guideline perfection.
Adult ; Aged ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food ; classification ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: The anti-apoptotic protein Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is a regulator of apoptosis linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and BI-1-/- mice exhibit increased sensitivity to tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of BI-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression-like behaviors in BI-1-/- mice. METHODS: We delivered CMS for 2 or 6 weeks in BI-1-knockout and wild-type mice. Control groups of BI-1-knockout and wild-type mice were left undisturbed. The measured parameters were sucrose consumption at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, spontaneous locomotion, and a forced swimming test (FST) at weeks 2 and 6. RESULTS: Significant decreases in sucrose consumption and increases in immobility time in the FST were observed in both stress groups compared with the non-stress groups. Interestingly, at week 2, but not at week 6, BI-1-/--stress mice showed less sucrose intake and greater immobility time than did BI-1+/+-stress mice. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BI-1 may play role in protecting against the depressogenic effects of CMS in the short term, but not in the long term. Further study is required to deepen understanding of the role of BI-1 in protecting against depression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Depression ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Female ; Humans ; Indenes ; Locomotion ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity ; Sucrose ; Swimming

Difficulties surrounding the classification of mixed psychotic and mood symptoms continue to plague psychiatric nosology. Since schizoaffective disorder was first defined in the literature, it has raised a considerable controversy regarding its clinical distinction from schizophrenia and mood disorder, especially mood disorder with psychotic feature. Recently, it seems that more people are diagnosed as mood disorder with psychotic feature rather than schizoaffective disorder when they are showing concurrent psychotic and mood symptoms. This may be due to unwillingness to make severe diagnosis at first and aggressive trend to expand the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Over-diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic feature would expose the patients to unnecessary mood stabilizer. Therefore, it is critical to make exact diagnosis based on current diagnostic criteria and other relevant study findings. We conducted in-depth review into diagnostic criteria of DSM and ICD-10 for schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with psychotic feature and other related studies comparing clinical features between the two disorders. As a result, important points helpful in differentiating the two disorders are highlighted and future suggestions are described.
Bipolar Disorder ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Mood Disorders ; Plague ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia

Difficulties surrounding the classification of mixed psychotic and mood symptoms continue to plague psychiatric nosology. Since schizoaffective disorder was first defined in the literature, it has raised a considerable controversy regarding its clinical distinction from schizophrenia and mood disorder, especially mood disorder with psychotic feature. Recently, it seems that more people are diagnosed as mood disorder with psychotic feature rather than schizoaffective disorder when they are showing concurrent psychotic and mood symptoms. This may be due to unwillingness to make severe diagnosis at first and aggressive trend to expand the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Over-diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic feature would expose the patients to unnecessary mood stabilizer. Therefore, it is critical to make exact diagnosis based on current diagnostic criteria and other relevant study findings. We conducted in-depth review into diagnostic criteria of DSM and ICD-10 for schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with psychotic feature and other related studies comparing clinical features between the two disorders. As a result, important points helpful in differentiating the two disorders are highlighted and future suggestions are described.
Bipolar Disorder ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Mood Disorders ; Plague ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Aripiprazole, a dopamine system stabilizer, shows efficacy against both negative symptoms and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aripiprazole and haloperidol on c-FOS expression in rat brain. METHODS: Aripiprazole (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2 h of drug or vehicle administration, the rats were killed and their brains were removed and perfused with fixative, then cut into 40 microm slices on a freezing microtome. Brain regions of interest were the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the nucleus accumbens core and shell (NAC-C and NAC-S), the hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG), the central amygdala (Ce), the basolateral amygdala (BL) and the temporal cortex (Tc). Immunohistochemistry was performed to label cell bodies containing c-FOS. RESULTS: The administration of aripiprazole at all doses (1, 10 or 30 mg/kg) resulted in greater Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the investigated brain areas, as compared to the vehicle. Comparable increases in FLI were demonstrated in the NAC-C and NAC-S in response to both aripiprazole and haloperidol treatment. The administration of haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) also resulted in greater FLI in the investigated brain areas, except the mPFC, where no changes were observed. In the Ce and BL, a significant increase in Fos-positive neurons was observed only with 0.1 mg/kg of haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Both aripiprazole and haloperidol increased FLI in limbic areas, which are considered important targets of antipsychotic drugs. The differential action of aripiprazole on FLI in the amygdala and mPFC as compared to haloperidol may be a good way to differentiate atypical from typical antipsychotics.
Adult ; Amygdala ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Dopamine ; Freezing ; Haloperidol ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Piperazines ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Quinolones ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schizophrenia ; Aripiprazole

OBJECTIVE: Amisulpride, a D2/D3 dopamine receptor blocker, shows efficacy against both negative symptoms in a low dose range and positive symptoms in a high dose range. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of amisulpride and haloperidol on the c-Fos expression in rat brain. METHODS: Amisulpride (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg, ip) and haloperidol (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, ip) were administered to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two hours after drugs or vehicle administration, rats were killed and their brains were perfused with fixative. The brains were cut at 40 microm on a freezing microtome. Brain regions of interest were medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens core and shell, hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus), central amygdala nucleus, basolateral amygdala nucleus and temporal cortex. To label cell bodies containing c-Fos, immunohistochemistry was performed. RESULTS: The administration of amisulpride in all doses (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) demonstrated greater c-Fos expressions in all of the investigated brain areas, compared to the vehicle. Interestingly, low doses (0.5 mg/kg) of amisulpride showed greater c-Fos expression in the mPFC than high dose of amisulpride (50 mg/kg). The administration of haloperidol (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) also demonstrated greater c-Fos expressions in all of the investigated brain areas except mPFC, compared to the vehicle. CONCLUSION: Both amisulpride and haloperidol increased c-Fos expressions in limbic areas which are considered as the sites of antipsychotic effects. The findings that lower doses of amisulpride increased greater c-Fos expressions in the mPFC, may explain the beneficial effects of low dose of amisulpride on the negative or depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Adult ; Amygdala ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Depression ; Freezing ; Haloperidol ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Schizophrenia ; Sulpiride

Objective To investigate the time trends and age-related characteristics of mortality and disease burden for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Hunan, China during three periods ( 1973 -1975, 1990 - 1992 and 2004 -2005). Methods The cardiocerebrovaacular death data of Hunan residents were collected by three national retrospective sample surveys of death. Cause-specific mortality, proportion, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and associated indicators were identified in the population of Hunan in above mentioned three periods. Time trends of age-specific mortality rate were assessed by fitting curvilinear regression lines and the increase rates of mortality with age were analyzed in each period. Results The standard all-cause mortality of residents in Hunan decreased ( x~2 = 189. 947, P < 0. 001, x~2 = 54. 201, P <0. 001 ; x~2 = 27 396. 898, P < 0. 001 ) while the standard mortality for CVD increased ( x~2 = 54. 201, P <0. 001;x~2 = 27 396. 898 ,P < 0. 001 ) from 1973 to 2005. The age-specific mortality rate for CVD increased with age in all three periods, especially for citizens older than 60 years. There were age stages in each period in which the mortality increase rate was the fastest (10 -14 and 15 -19 years old in 1973 -1975; 10 -14,15 - 19 and over 80 years old in 1990 - 1992 ; 15 - 19 and over 80 years old in 2004-2005 ). Exponential regression function ((y), = b_0e~(b1x)) can be used for the proper description of age-specific mortality change. The ratio of YPLL for CVD in all death causes showed increase trend ( x~2 = 275 630. 407, P < 0. 001 ). YPLL rate (YPLLs per 1000) in 1973 -1975 was higher than those in 1990 -1992 and 2004 -2005. YPLL rate was positively correlated with mortality in all periods. Conclusions The mortality for CVD increased with time and aging. People older than 60 years were threatened by CVD mostly. Mortality trend analysis also found higher CVD deaths in people age 15 - 19 in Hunan residents.