Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen, which mainly causes severe joint pain and can be life-threatening in severe cases. In recent years, with the continuous outbreaks and prevalence of CHIKV worldwide, there has been increasing concerns about the extent of the risk for transfusion transmission. This article reviews the epidemiological history of CHIKV, its molecular biology, infection and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, vaccine development, transfusion transmission risk and blood screening strategies. It aims to provide a reference for future epidemic control and prevention and for reducing the risk of transfusion transmission.

In proton therapy,prompt gamma-ray imaging is considered as one of the most promising methods for assessing proton beam range.Prompt gamma-ray imaging detector evaluates the proton beam range based on the prompt gamma-ray distribution obtained by the prompt gamma-ray imaging system,which enables high-precision measurement of the proton beam range.Herein a proton beam range verification algorithm is designed for the newly developed prototype of the range verification detector(pixelated prompt gamma-ray imaging detector),which verifies the range estimation accuracy of the prototype for different phantoms and different energies of homogeneous media through Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that the accuracy of the proton beam range verification algorithm is within 0.5 mm of the safety margin error of the Bragg peak,and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved with the increase of the number of protons,indicating that the prototype algorithm is feasible for proton beam range verification.

Objectives:To explore the predictive value of residual Murray's law-based quantitative flow ratio(μQFR)on long-term vessel-oriented composite endpoints(VoCE).Methods:This retrospective study included 3 510 patients from the FAVOR Ⅲ China trial.Offline residual μQFR analysis was performed on all vessels(diameter≥2.5 mm)with 50%-90%stenotic lesions.Patients were stratified into high-,intermediate-,and low-risk groups based on residual μQFR tertiles.The primary endpoint was 3-year VoCE,defined as a composite of cardiac death related to the target vessel,target vessel-related spontaneous myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization.Results:Offline analysis was performed on 5 256 vessels from 3 510 patients.The mean residual μQFR was 0.92±0.75.The high-risk group(residual μQFR≤0.91)with 1 554 patients(1 958 vessels);the intermediate-risk group(residual μQFR 0.92-0.96)with 1 211 patients(1 906 vessels);and the low-risk group(residual μQFR>0.96)with 745 patients(1 392 vessels).Over 3-year follow-up,VoCE occurred in 227 vessels(4.3%).The 3-year VoCE incidence was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the intermediate-and low-risk groups(6.2%vs.4.1%vs.2.5%,log-rank P<0.001),primarily driven by ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization(5.0%vs.3.0%vs.1.6%,log-rank P<0.001).Hypertension(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72-0.96),hypercholesterolemia(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97),bifurcation lesions(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63-0.83),moderate/severe calcification(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.57-0.84),and tandem lesions(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.47-0.75)were independent predictors of lower residual μQFR values.Conclusions:Lower residual μQFR is significantly associated with increased VoCE risk during the 3-year follow up period.

Four cases of typical faults of Siemens MOBILETT XP Digital bedside DR were introduced.The causes for the problems were analyzed,and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.References were provided for medical engineers to treat similar faults.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):118-120]

Background Prenatal chronic psychological stress may increase the risk of allergic diseases in children, and eczema is the most common allergic disease in children, the pathogenesis of which is not yet fully understood. Objective To preliminarily clarify the changes in offspring intestinal flora after chronic stress exposure during pregnancy in rats that increases offspring immune imbalance and eczema susceptibility. Methods Thirty SPF-grade adult female SD rats were selected and randomly divided into a model group and a control group (n=15). Sixteen male rats were randomly divided into a model mating group and a control mating group (n=8). A 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model during pregnancy was established. On the 7th day of stress, male and female rats were caged in a ratio of 3:1. Blood samples were collected from female rats in each group via angular vein on the 1st day before stress, and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after stress. The content of plasma corticosterone during pregnancy was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the offspring rats, an eczema model was constructed using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The number of scratching times of the offspring rats within 5 min was recorded. The offspring rats were divided into 4 groups: DNCB-CUMS group (MM), DNCB-control group (MC), solvent control-CUMS group (CM), and blank control group (CC), with 8 rats in each group. The eczema was induced once every 3 days, and the induction period was 12 d. The expression level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum of offspring rats after the eczema induction experiment were determined by ELISA. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the serum were quantified by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in the feces of offspring rats were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Results The plasma corticosterone concentrations in the model group were higher than those in the control group on the 7th and 21st days of stress (P<0.05). On the 14th and 21st days of stress, the 1% sucrose preference percentages of female rats in the model group were lower than that in the control group. On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of stress, the horizontal movement scores of female rats in the model group and the vertical movement scores on the 7th and 14th days were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 6, 9, and 12 d of model building, the scratching frequencies in the MC group and MM group were significantly higher than those in the CC group and CM group (P<0.05). Moreover, there were differences in the contents of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE among the offspring rat groups (P<0.05). The CM group and MM group led to an increase in the contents of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE cytokines (P<0.05), while the MM group caused a decrease in the contents of IFN-γ and IL-2 (P<0.05). After the eczema induction experiment, the α-diversity analysis showed that the Simpson index and Shannon index in the CM were higher than those in the CC (P<0.05), indicating that CUMS during the pregnancy of female rats could increase the species abundance of their offspring. The abundances of Prevotella and Lactobacillus in the CM group decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Intestinal dysbiosis in offspring due to chronic prenatal psychological stress, which may be one of the mechanisms linking maternal stress to immune imbalance and increased susceptibility to eczema in offspring.

Objectives:To explore the predictive value of residual Murray's law-based quantitative flow ratio(μQFR)on long-term vessel-oriented composite endpoints(VoCE).Methods:This retrospective study included 3 510 patients from the FAVOR Ⅲ China trial.Offline residual μQFR analysis was performed on all vessels(diameter≥2.5 mm)with 50%-90%stenotic lesions.Patients were stratified into high-,intermediate-,and low-risk groups based on residual μQFR tertiles.The primary endpoint was 3-year VoCE,defined as a composite of cardiac death related to the target vessel,target vessel-related spontaneous myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization.Results:Offline analysis was performed on 5 256 vessels from 3 510 patients.The mean residual μQFR was 0.92±0.75.The high-risk group(residual μQFR≤0.91)with 1 554 patients(1 958 vessels);the intermediate-risk group(residual μQFR 0.92-0.96)with 1 211 patients(1 906 vessels);and the low-risk group(residual μQFR>0.96)with 745 patients(1 392 vessels).Over 3-year follow-up,VoCE occurred in 227 vessels(4.3%).The 3-year VoCE incidence was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the intermediate-and low-risk groups(6.2%vs.4.1%vs.2.5%,log-rank P<0.001),primarily driven by ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization(5.0%vs.3.0%vs.1.6%,log-rank P<0.001).Hypertension(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72-0.96),hypercholesterolemia(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97),bifurcation lesions(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63-0.83),moderate/severe calcification(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.57-0.84),and tandem lesions(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.47-0.75)were independent predictors of lower residual μQFR values.Conclusions:Lower residual μQFR is significantly associated with increased VoCE risk during the 3-year follow up period.

In proton therapy,prompt gamma-ray imaging is considered as one of the most promising methods for assessing proton beam range.Prompt gamma-ray imaging detector evaluates the proton beam range based on the prompt gamma-ray distribution obtained by the prompt gamma-ray imaging system,which enables high-precision measurement of the proton beam range.Herein a proton beam range verification algorithm is designed for the newly developed prototype of the range verification detector(pixelated prompt gamma-ray imaging detector),which verifies the range estimation accuracy of the prototype for different phantoms and different energies of homogeneous media through Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that the accuracy of the proton beam range verification algorithm is within 0.5 mm of the safety margin error of the Bragg peak,and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved with the increase of the number of protons,indicating that the prototype algorithm is feasible for proton beam range verification.

Four cases of typical faults of Siemens MOBILETT XP Digital bedside DR were introduced.The causes for the problems were analyzed,and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.References were provided for medical engineers to treat similar faults.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):118-120]

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.

Traditional Chinese medicine,ancient Greek medicine,Ayurvedic medicine,and Arab medicine are recognized as the four major traditional medicines in the world.It reviews the education and training systems of the four major traditional medicines and finds that traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the teacher-student relation-ship and the combination of theory and practice;Ancient Greek medicine was mainly characterized by strong theoreti-cal research and experimental observation;Ayurveda highly values cultural identity as its main characteristic;Arab medicine attaches great importance to cultural exchange and practical promotion.It suggests promoting innovative de-velopment,strengthening practical teaching,improving teaching quality,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation,and increasing public acceptance abroad.