ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of electroacupuncture combined with nerve conduit transplantation in repairing long segmental defect of median nerve. MethodsEighteen adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group， conduit group and conduit+EA group， with 6 rats in each group. A 10 mm defect model of the left median nerve in rats was established. The conduit group and the conduit+EA group were bridged with the chitosan conduit at the nerve defect， while the median nerve defect was used as a control. The conduit+EA group was treated with EA at Tianquan （PC2） and Quze （PC3） on the affected limb on the 4th day after the operation. The treatment was performed once a day and 5 consecutive treatments per week for a total of 4 weeks. The conduit+EA group received electroacupuncture at Tianquan （PC2） and Quze （PC3） points of the upper limb of the affected side on the 4th day after surgery， once a day， 5 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The grid walking test and the tape removal test were used to evaluate the recovery of motor and sensory functions of the median nerve in the three groups of rats. The expression of neurofilament protein （NF） and S100 calcium-binding protein β （S100β） at the median nerve was detected by immunofluorescence staining to observe the regeneration of damaged median nerve fibers. Spinal cord corresponding to the median nerve at C5 segment was stained with Nissl to observe the survival neurons of spinal cord. ResultsIn the behavioral test， the improvement of forelimb loss rate and contact time in tape removal test in the conduit+EA group was significantly better than that in the conduit group and the control group （P<0.05）. Immunofluorescence staining showed that， in the conduit+EA group， the expression of NF and S100β at the proximal and distal ends of the median nerve defect could be seen after treatment， and the number of NF and S100β was significantly higher than that in the conduit group （P<0.05）. In addition， Nissl staining showed that the number of motor neurons in the left anterior horn at the C5 segment of the conduit+EA group was significantly more than that in the conduit group and the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionsElectroacupuncture combined with nerve conduit transplantation can promote the survival of spinal cord neurons corresponding to the median nerve. Meanwhile， Electroacupuncture may better promote the growth of nerve fibers from the proximal end of the median nerve in the long segmental defect into the bridged chitosan nerve conduit to reach the distal end， thus promoting the recovery of motor and sensory functions of the injured upper limbs of rats.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and summarize the evidence for the airway humidification management of the inpatient with laryngectomy and tracheotomy but nonmechanical ventilation and to provide references for the clinical nursing.Methods:The evidence question was raised based on the study objective. The evidence was retrieved from some databases according to the evidence pyramid model during inception to December, 2018. The literature types included clinical practice guideline, evidence summary, best practice information sheet, recommended practice and systematic review. The quality of the literature were evaluated by the suitable evaluated tool based on their types. The level and recommedation grade of the evidence were appraised by the suitable tools of JBI.Results:Thirteen studies were recruited, including one clinical practice guideline, two evidence summaries, one best practice information sheet and nine systematic reviews. Totally thirteen items of best evidence were summarized and generalized to four categories including assessment, method, liquid and operation of airway humidification.Conclusion:The evidences of the studies are scientific and practical, but on the one hand, it is recommended that when applying the evidences in clinic, it is necessary to assess the clinical situation and chose the proper evidence. And on the other hand, there are lacking of some evidences of airway humidification and the level of some evidences is low. So it needs to create more high level evidences.

To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens, mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques, including the selected reaction monitoring (SRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and massively parallel data-independent acquisition (DIA), have been developed. For optimal performance, they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge. In this report, we describe a MS pipe-line and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples. To build the spectral resource, we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker. We then applied the workflow to gen-erate DPHL, a comprehensive DIA pan-human library, from 1096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples. This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Thereafter, PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated. As a second application, the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and 18 healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM. These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery. DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.

Objective To explore the effect of specific antagonist of estrogen-related receptor alpha——XCT790 on tumor growth, weight, liver index(LI), spleen index(SI) and kidney index (KI) in the diffe-rent models of tumor -bearing mice.Methods The H22 ascitic and solid tumor-bearing mice models were established , then mice were ran-domized into five groups , including model group (20%DMSO), control group(cyclophosphamide:CTX 30 mg· kg -1), experimental -L,-M,-H groups(XCT790:2,4,6 mg· kg -1).The samples were obtained in 24 h after continuous intraperitoneal administration of drug or solvent to mice for 7 d.The ascitic volume and tumor weight were measured .The ratios of LI,SI,KI were calculated.Results The ascitic volume of mice in model group, control group,and experimental -L,-M,-H groups were (6.17 ±3.04),(3.28 ±1.62),(3.60 ±1.67),(4.67 ±2.57), (4.73 ±2.66 ) mL; comparing between control group , experimental -L group and model group,the differences were significant(all P<0.01).In H22 solid tumor -bearing mice, the tumor weight of mice in model group, control group, experimental -L,-M,-H groups were (2.53 ±0.39),(1.25 ±0.45),(1.27 ±0.61),(1.14 ±0.56),(1.24 ±0.39) g with significant difference com-pared with model group ( all P<0.05 ) .LI,SI and KI had no statistically significant differences in ascitic or solid tumor-bearing groups(all P>0.05 ) .Conclusion XCT790 had anti -tumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice without influences on ratios of liver ,spleen and kidney.

Objective: To explore characteristic and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) -induced macrophages in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to couple with its progression. Methods: A total of 24 MDS patients (11 low-risk patients and 13 high-risk group patients) referred to Department of Hematology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and normal controls were enrolled from September 2014 to December 2015. PBMNC was stimulated with GM-CSF to transform to macrophages. The morphology of macrophages was observed by microscope. The quantity of macrophages, CD206 and SIRPα on surface of macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. The phagocytic function of macrophages was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results: The morphology of macrophages from MDS patients was abnormal. The percentage of transformed macrophages was (5.17±3.47) % in patients with MDS, which was lower than that in controls significantly[ (66.18±13.43) %, t=3.529, P=0.001]. The expression of CD206 on macrophages from MDS patients was significantly lower than that of controls[ (9.73±2.59) % vs (51.15±10.82) %, t=4.551, P<0.001]. The SIRPα level of macrophages from MDS patients was significantly lower than that of controls [ (0.51±0.09) % vs (0.77±0.06) %, t=2.102, P=0.043]. The phagocytic index and the percentage of phagocytic of macrophages from MDS patients were significantly lower than those of macrophages from normal controls[0.45±0.08 vs 0.92±0.07, t=-6.253, P=0.008; (23.69±3.22) % vs (42.75±2.13) %, t=-6.982, P=0.006 respectively]by flow cytometry. The phagocytic index of MDS patients was significantly lower than that of controls (0.24±0.04 vs 0.48±0.96, t=3.464, P=0.001) by fluorescence microscopy. Conclusion The quantity, recognization receptors and phagocytosis of PBMNC-induced macrophages decreased in MDS patients.

Objective To explore the effect of kaempferol on tumor growth,weight,liver index (LI) and spleen index (SI) in different models of H22 tumor-bearing mice.Methods The H22 ascitic and solid tumor-bearing mice model were established,then mice were randomized into five groups,including model group,control group (cyclophosphamide 30 mg · kg-1),experimental-L,-M,-H groups (kaempferol 150,300,600 mg · kg-1).The samples were obtained in 24 h after continuous intragastrical administration of drug or solvent to mice for 8 d.The ascitic volume and tumor weight were measured.The liver index(LI),spleen index (SI) were calculated.Results In H22 ascitic tumor-bearing mice,the ascitic volume of mice in model group,control group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups were (9.85 ± 1.99),(2.28 ±2.74),(8.44 ±2.51),(5.91 ±2.29),(4.98 ±4.25) mL;compared with model group,the difference in control group,experimental-M,-H groups was significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).LI and SI in above five groups were 4.72 ± 2.22,5.42 ±0.77,4.69 ± 0.94,5.22 ± 0.60,5.27±0.61;0.49 ±0.33,0.62 ±0.19,0.51 ±0.13,0.49 ±0.14,0.41 ±0.14 with not significantly between five groups(all P ＞0.05).In H22 solid tumor-beating mice,the tumor weight of mice in model group,control group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups were (1.70 ± 0.80),(0.73 ±0.51),(1.14 ±0.91),(1.07 ±0.34),(0.95 ±0.60) g with significantly compared with model group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The kaempferol had anti-tumor effects toward H22 tumor-bearing mice with less influence on liver and spleen.

This study was purposed to detect the quantity and function of bone marrow (BM) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells of patients with immune thrombocytopenia, and to explore the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of ITP. Twenty-one newly diagnosed ITP patients, twenty ITP patients in recovery stage and eighteen normal controls were enrolled in this study. The percentages of Tfh cells, Tfh-related molecules ICOS, CD40L, IL-21 in BM were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and the mRNA expression of BCL-6 in BMMNC was determined by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. Correlation of Tfh cell level with the disease severity of ITP patients was analysed. The results showed that the ratio of CD4(+)CXCR5(+)/CD4(+) cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients [(5.532 ± 2.599)%] was significantly higher than that in ITP patients with recovery stage [(4.064 ± 2.026)%] and controls [(4.048 ± 1.413)%] (P < 0.05). The ratio of CD4(+)CXCR5(+)ICOS(+)/CD4(+) CXCR5(+) cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients [(14.586 ± 8.561)%] was higher than that in recovery stage ITP patients [(12.884 ± 10.161)%] and controls [(7.487 ± 5.176)%]. The differences be-tween newly diagnosed ITP patients and controls were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The ratio of CD4(+)CXCR5(+) CD40L(+)/CD4(+) CXCR5(+) cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients [(15.309 ± 10.756)%] and in ITP patients with recovery stage [(18.242 ± 12.243)%] were significantly higher than that in controls [(8.618 ± 5.719) %] (P < 0.05). The ratio of intracytoplasm CD4(+) CXCR5(+) IL-21(+)/CD4(+)CXCR5(+) cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients [(58.560 ± 26.285)%] and in ITP patients with recovery stage [(57.035 ± 30.936)%] were significantly higher than that in controls [(36.289 ± 24.868)%] (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of BCL-6 mRNA in BMMNC of three groups were (1.407 ± 0.264), (1.149 ± 0.217) and (0.846 ± 0.157), respectively. The differences between 3 groups were significant(P < 0.05). It is concluded that the quantity and function of Tfh cells in ITP patients increase, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; cytology ; immunology ; Thrombocytopenia ; immunology ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of microRNA-21 and its correlation with PTEN in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) paraffin-embedded tissues, and evaluate its potential relevance with clinical characteristics. The expression levels of miR-21 in 26 primary DLBCL and 10 normal lymph node tissue specimens were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of PTEN was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that the expression of miR-21 was significantly higher in tumor tissues [6.586(1.10,38.22)] than that in normal tissues [0.791 (0.35,2.87)] (P < 0.05). Among 26 patients with DLBCL the expression of PTEN protein was positive in 6 patients (23%), and was negative in 20 patients (77%). In patients with DLBCL, the expression level of miR-21 was negatively correlated with the level of PTEN protein. The high expression of miR-21 was positively correlated with the level of serum LDH. The expression level of miR-21 in patients with Ann Arbor III-IV stage was obviously higher than that of patients with Ann Arbor I-II stage, but did not correlate with the subtype of patients in clinic (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of miR-21 is high in DLBCL and its overexpression may be related with poor prognosis of DLCBL. These findings suggest that PTEN is possibly one of the targets of miR-21 in DLBCL.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload in pancytopenic patients with positive BMMNC-Coombs test (IRP).

METHODSTwenty-one iron overloading, 26 non-iron overloading IRP patients and 10 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The expressions of ROS, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of BMMNC were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Antioxidants were added to iron overloading IRP BMMNC, and then the changes of indices above were detected by FCM. The number and apoptosis of T lymphocytes of IRP patients were also detected.

RESULTSROS and apoptosis of BMMNC, myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). The expressions of Bcl-2 on BMMNC, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly lower than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones (P < 0.05). The levels of Caspase-3 on myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). After treatment with antioxidants, the expressions of ROS, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of iron overloading IRP BMMNC significantly decreased, but opposite for Bcl-2. The percentages of CD4(+) lymphocytes [ ( 40.86 ± 8.74）%] and CD4(+)/CD8(+) (1.44 ± 0.36) in PB of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(35.96 ± 7.03)% and 1.14 ± 0.37] and normal controls [(28.00 ± 6.73)% and 0.79 ± 0.21], respectively (P < 0.05), as opposite for CD8(+) lymphocytes (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of CD8(+) lymphocytes [(27.35 ± 10.76)%] and the ratio of CD8(+) apoptosis/CD4(+) apoptosis (2.51 ± 0.81) in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(15.47 ± 8.99)%] and normal controls (1.39 ± 0.47), respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP and normal controls.

CONCLUSIONMechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload might be through the follows: ①The increased ROS induced by excessive iron deposition affected the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2, which caused more BMMNC apoptosis; ②The abnormal number and ratio of T lymphocytes caused by iron overload aggravated the abnormality of immunity of IRP; ③Iron overload may increase the damage to erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; etiology ; immunology