Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biflavonoids ; pharmacology ; Catechin ; pharmacology ; Grape Seed Extract ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Fluoride ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: How to increase the long-term retention rate of autologous fat grafting has been widely discussed. This study aimed to evaluate long-term fat graft retention rates for the most widely used fat processing methods in the area of facial esthetic surgery, including centrifugation, filtration, and sedimentation, using three-dimensional (3D) imaging. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Wiley/Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to July 2018 according to the guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology. STUDY SELECTION: Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included patient characteristics, follow-up devices, fat grafting techniques, and clinical outcomes. Patient cohorts were pooled, and fat graft retention rates were calculated. Complications were summarized according to different clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Of 77 articles, 10 clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and reported quantified measurement outcomes with 3D imaging which provide precise volumetric data with approximately 2% standard deviation compared to real volumes. Data of 515 patients were included. Fat grafting retention varied from 21% to 82%. We found filtration and centrifugation techniques could result in better retention outcomes. However, retention varied within each processing technique, with no significant difference among the 3 techniques. Twenty-two complications were reported among 515 patients, including donor-site hematoma (1 case), mild post-operative erythema (2 cases), mild volumetric asymmetries (2 cases), chronic edema (2 cases), overcorrection (2 cases), skin irregularity (6 cases), and headache or dysesthesia (7 cases). CONCLUSIONS Filtration and centrifugation techniques may result in better fat grafting retention outcomes than gravity sedimentation; however, more accurate statistical evidence is needed. Controversies continue to exist with respect to the performance of the different fat-processing techniques in fat graft retention.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Centrifugation ; methods ; Filtration ; methods ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the quantity and function of bone marrow (BM) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells of the cytopenia patients with positive bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC)- Coombs test (also known as immuno-related pancytopenia, IRP), and explore the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of IRP.

METHODSForty- three untreated IRP patients, 47 recovered IRP patients and 25 healthy donors were enrolled in this study. The percentages of Tfh cells, Tfh-related molecules ICOS, CD40L, IL-21 and Bcl-6 in BM were investigated by flow cytometry and semiquantitive RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe ratio of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺/CD4⁺ cells of untreated IRP patients [(28.79 ± 19.70)%] was significantly higher than that of recovered IRP patients [(21.15 ± 12.81)% ] and normal controls ([ 13.42 ± 6.72)% ](P<0.05). The ratio of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ICOS⁺/CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ cells of untreated IRP patients [(5.05 ± 4.71)% ] was significantly higher than that of recovered IRP patients [(2.96 ± 2.89)% ] and normal controls [(2.99 ± 2.23)% ] (P<0.05). The ratio of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CD40L⁺/CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ cells of untreated IRP patients [(5.87 ± 4.14)%] and recovered IRP patients [(6.52±5.47)%] were significantly higher than that of normal controls [(2.93 ± 2.92)%] (P<0.05). The ratio of intracytoplasmic CD4⁺CXCR5⁺IL-21⁺/CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ cells of untreated IRP patients [(8.20 ± 7.41)% ] and recovered IRP patients [(6.30 ± 6.03)% ] were significantly higher than that of normal controls [(3.43 ± 3.40)%] (P<0.05). The relative expressions of Bcl-6 mRNA in BMMNC were 0.625 ± 0.248, 0.485 ± 0.253, 0.306 ± 0.210 in three groups, respectively. The differences between untreated IRP patients, recovered IRP patients and normal controls were significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere exists increased quantity and hyperfunction of Tfh cells in the IRP patients, they may play important role in the pathogenesis of IRP. Tfh cells and their related effector molecules could be a potential therapeutic target for the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; cytology ; metabolism ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the expression level and mechanism of microRNA-223 and LMO2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and the mechanism. MicroRNA-223 mimics was transfected to increase the expression of MicroRNA-223 in the lymphocytes sorted by ficoll separation from the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of ALL and CLL patients. MicroRNA-223 inhibitor was transfected to decrease the expression of the MicroRNA-223 in the lymphocytes of normal controls. Then the expression of the MicroRNA-223 and LMO2 in transfected lymphocytes before and after cultivating for 72 hours were detected by RT-PCR, the apoptosis and cell cycle of these cells were measured by flow cytometery. The results indicated that before the transfection, the expression of MicroRNA-223 in ALL and CLL cells was (433.11 ± 144.88), which was significantly lower than that in the normal lymphocyte (949.59 ± 267.39); the expression of LMO2 was (807.10 ± 238.41), which was significantly higher than that in the normal lymphocytes (455.32 ± 176.83) (P < 0.05); after the transfection, the expression of MicroRNA-223 was (571.86 ± 142.00) in ALL and CLL cells, which was significantly higher than that before transfection (P < 0.05), but the expression of LMO2 was significantly lower than that before transfection (651.97 ± 230.12) (P < 0.05); in the normal control the expression of MicroRNA-223 obviously decreased (646.32 ± 172.93) (P < 0.05), the expression of LMO2 was significantly increased (541.27 ± 158.86.2) (P < 0.05). After transfection, the cell cycle G1/G2 phase and apoptosis changed in ALL and CLL cells. Before transfection the cell ratio in cell cycle G1/G2 phase was (94.75 ± 3.15)%, the cell ratio in S phase was (5.14 ± 3.12)%; after transfection the cell ratio in cell cycle G1/G2 phase was (97.03 ± 2.08)% and obviously increased (P < 0.05), the cell ratio in S phase was (2.97 ± 2.08)% and significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Before transfection the apoptosis rate was (54.47 ± 8.72)%, and obviously was higher than that after transfection (60.48 ± 8.81)%. And in the normal control, the cell ratio in G1/G2 phase was significantly higher than that after transfection [(96.73 ± 2.26)%, (94.55 ± 2.77)%, P < 0.05)], and the cell ratio in S phase was significantly increased [(3.25 ± 2.26)%, (5.45 ± 2.77)% (P < 0.05)]. The apoptotic rate in the ALL and CLL patients was significantly higher than that after the transfection [(54.47 ± 8.72)% vs (60.48 ± 8.81)%, respectively (P < 0.05)]. The apoptotic rate in the normal control was significantly lower than that after the transfection [(59.02 ± 10.20)%, (51.96 ± 10.20)%, respectively (P < 0.05)]. It is concluded that the expression of MicroRNA-223 decreases, and the expression of LMO2 increases in lymphocytic leukemia cells which leads to the lymphocytes over-proliferation and abnormal apoptosis, thus may be one of pathogenesis in lymphocytic leukemia.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; LIM Domain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Young Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; etiology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload in pancytopenic patients with positive BMMNC-Coombs test (IRP).

METHODSTwenty-one iron overloading, 26 non-iron overloading IRP patients and 10 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The expressions of ROS, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of BMMNC were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Antioxidants were added to iron overloading IRP BMMNC, and then the changes of indices above were detected by FCM. The number and apoptosis of T lymphocytes of IRP patients were also detected.

RESULTSROS and apoptosis of BMMNC, myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). The expressions of Bcl-2 on BMMNC, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly lower than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones (P < 0.05). The levels of Caspase-3 on myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). After treatment with antioxidants, the expressions of ROS, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of iron overloading IRP BMMNC significantly decreased, but opposite for Bcl-2. The percentages of CD4(+) lymphocytes [ ( 40.86 ± 8.74）%] and CD4(+)/CD8(+) (1.44 ± 0.36) in PB of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(35.96 ± 7.03)% and 1.14 ± 0.37] and normal controls [(28.00 ± 6.73)% and 0.79 ± 0.21], respectively (P < 0.05), as opposite for CD8(+) lymphocytes (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of CD8(+) lymphocytes [(27.35 ± 10.76)%] and the ratio of CD8(+) apoptosis/CD4(+) apoptosis (2.51 ± 0.81) in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(15.47 ± 8.99)%] and normal controls (1.39 ± 0.47), respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP and normal controls.

CONCLUSIONMechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload might be through the follows: ①The increased ROS induced by excessive iron deposition affected the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2, which caused more BMMNC apoptosis; ②The abnormal number and ratio of T lymphocytes caused by iron overload aggravated the abnormality of immunity of IRP; ③Iron overload may increase the damage to erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the quantity and subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and to explore the role of DC in pathogenesis of IRP. The quantity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+)cells) in peripheral blood of 65 patients with IRP (37 new diagnosed and 28 remitted) and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the ratio of pDC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was (0.91 ± 064)% in new diagnosed group, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (0.39 ± 0.11)% and control group (0.29 ± 0.13)% (P < 0.01), while this ratio of pDC in remission group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC was (0.21 ± 0.20)% in new diagnosed group and (0.34 ± 0.21)% in remission group respectively, there was no statistical difference as compared with control group (0.29 ± 0.09)% (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC to mDC in new diagnosed group was 6.75 ± 7.11, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (1.55 ± 0.93) and control group (1.07 ± 0.43, P < 0.01), there was no statistical difference between the ratio of remission group and control group (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC in PBMNC of IRP group negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.347, P < 0.05), and positively correlated to the ratio of auto-antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.606, P < 0.05) and to the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.709, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.381, P < 0.01) and platelets (r = -0.343, P < 0.01). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC positively correlated to the ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = 0.595, P < 0.05) and the level of hemoglobin (r = 0.292, P < 0.05). The ratio of pDC/mDC negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.395, P < 0.05), it positively correlated to the level of antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.421, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.423, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.304, P < 0.05) and platelets (r = -0.287, P < 0.05). It is concluded that the quantity of pDC in peripheral blood of IRP patients increases, which may be related to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Cell Count ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of dendritic cells (DC) of patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and explore the role of DC in IRP.

METHODSThe expression of CD80 and CD86 on myeloid DC (mDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+) cells) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) of 65 IRP (37 untreated and 28 remitted) patients and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expression of CD86 on pDC was (82.47 ± 13.17)% in untreated group and (60.08 ± 14.29)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (47.95 ± 18.59)% (P < 0.05), while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of remission group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on pDC was (6.31 ± 4.49)% in untreated group, which was significantly higher than that of remitted patients (3.09 ± 2.93)% and controls (2.33 ± 2.25)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on mDC was (97.06 ± 4.82)% in untreated group and (91.35 ± 12.20)% in control group, while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on mDC was (6.20 ± 5.44)% in untreated group and (3.97 ± 3.24)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (1.86 ± 1.73)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on pDC was negatively correlated to Th1/Th2 (r = -0.733, P < 0.05), it was positively correlated to the antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.283, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.436, P < 0.05), while it was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells (r = -0.539, P < 0.05; r = -0.519, P < 0.05; r = -0.567, P < 0.05, respectively). The expression of CD80 on pDC was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin and platelets (r = -0.431, P < 0.05; r = -0.464, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe function of pDC in PB of IRP were strengthened, which was relevant to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; complications ; B7-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Notch1 on the membrane of bone marrow CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells in the patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and explore the importance of Notch signaling pathway in the formation and progression of MM.

METHODSThirty three MM patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The expression of Notch1 on the membrane of bone marrow CD38(+)CD138(+) and CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The clinical data of MM patients were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe ratio of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients was (60.21 ± 25.06)% which was significantly higher than those of CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells of MM patients (39.84 ± 18.94)% (P = 0.000) and controls (38.34 ± 19.39)% (P = 0.004). There was no statistical difference between the two latter groups (P > 0.05). The expression of Notch1 on CD38(+)CD138(+)plasma cells from 24 newly diagnosed MM patients was correlated to the level of malignant plasma cells in there bone marrow (r = 0.914, P = 0.000), serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.754, P = 0.007), and β(2)-MG(r = 0.716, P = 0.013). The ratio of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients who had renal dysfunction was correlated to their abnormal serum creatinine levels. The expression of Notch1 on CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells from 17 MM patients who received VD (bortezamib and dexamethasone) chemotherapy was correlated to the ratio of plasma cell reduction after the first VD chemotherapy (r = 0.842, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients was significantly higher than those of CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells of MM patients and controls. Notch1 overexpressed plasma cells were sensitive to the early VD therapy, and correlated to the progression and long term outcome of MM.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Count ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology ; metabolism ; Plasma Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Syndecan-1 ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) on CD34+ CD59- and CD34+ CD59+ bone marrow (BM) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

METHODS(1) The expressions of EPOR and TPOR on CD34+ CD59- and CD34+ CD59- BM cells from 26 PNH patients and 16 normal controls were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). (2) The mRNA expression of the EPOR and the TPOR in BM mononuclear cells (BMMNC) from 25 PNH patients and 13 normal controls were examined by RT-PCR.

RESULTS(1) The percentage of EPOR positive cells in PNH CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC [(30.67 +/- 18.30)%] was significantly higher than that in PNH CD34+ CD59- BMMNC [(8.05 +/- 3.51)%] (P < 0.01) and than that in control CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC [(8.24 +/- 6.51)%] (P < 0.01), but there was no obvious difference between the CD34+ CD59-BMMNC in PNH and CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC in control. (2) The percentage of TPOR positive cells in PNH CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC [(28.15 +/- 17.75)%] was significantly higher than that in PNH CD34+ CD59-BMMNC [(15.65 +/- 14.45)%] (P < 0.05) and than that in control CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC [(10.77 +/- .39)%] (P < 0.01), but there was no obvious difference between the CD34+ CD59- BMMNC in PNH and CD34+ CD59+ BMMNC in control. (3) There was no statistic difference in EPOR mRNA and TPOR mRNA expressions in BMMNCs between PNH patients group [(0.41 +/- 0.37) and (0.32 +/- 0.19), respectively] and control group [(0.47 +/- 0.33) and (0.40 +/- 0.29), respectively].

CONCLUSIONThe expression of EPOR and TPOR of PNH patients on BM CD34+ CD59+ cells are significantly higher than those on BM CD34+ CD59- cells. The difference may be due to abnormal transcription of both receptor coding genes.

Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; CD59 Antigens ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Erythropoietin ; metabolism ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin ; metabolism ; Young Adult