Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Female ; Humans ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Sexual Development ; Peptide Hormones

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a serious impact on global public health and the economy. SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates host cells via its surface spike protein, which binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on the host cell membrane. As a result, small molecules targeting spike protein have emerged as a hotspot in anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug research. Activity screening is an important step in seeking small molecule drugs. Therefore, this article aims to review the biological activity evaluation methods of small molecule inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with the goal of laying the foundation for the discovery of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Objective To analyze the preventive effect and safety of intracisternal perfusion of nimodipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm(DCVS)after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods SAH patients treated with intracranial aneurysm clipping were divided into control group and treatment group according to cohort method.The control group was given basic treatment such as blood dilution,volume expansion and pressure boosting after operation.After DCVS was found,nimodipine injection 2.5-5.0 mL·h-1 was injected intravenously.The treatment group was given continuous perfusion of nimodipine solution(nimodipine injection:compound sodium chloride injection=1:19)for 48 h in the cerebral cistern on the basis of the control group,and the pumping speed was 20 mL·L-1.The course of treatment in both groups was 14 days.The incidence of DCVS was recorded at 3,5,7 and 14 days after operation.The neurological function[National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score],state of consciousness[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score],serum DCVS mechanism indexes[platelet-derived growth factor receptor β(PDGFRβ),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),prostacyclin I2(PGI2),fibrin degradation product(FDP)]were compared between the two groups before treatment and 14 days after treatment.The occurrence of postoperative complications such as delayed cerebral ischemia was recorded.The prognosis of the two groups was evaluated by modified Rankin scale(mRS)at 3 months after operation,and the safety was evaluated.Results In this study,39 cases were enrolled in the control group and 43 cases in the treatment group.The incidence of DCVS in the treatment group and the control group were 25.58％and 48.72％at 3 days after operation,20.93％and 43.59％at 5 days after operation,and 13.95％and 38.46％at 7 days after operation,respectively.The above indexes in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group(all P＜0.05).After 14 days of treatment,the NIHSS score of the treatment group and the control group were 2.08±0.43 and 2.96±0.52,respectively;the GCS score were 13.22±0.48 and 12.36±0.50,respectively;the serum PDGFRβ were(70.22±5.97)and(74.86±6.54)ng·mL-1,respectively;MMP-9 were(189.44±17.23)and(213.95±16.81)ng·mL-1,respectively;PGI2 were(96.18±5.84)and(89.44±6.27)ng·L-1;FDP were(1.62±0.50)and(2.13±0.48)mg·L-1,respectively.The above indexes in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group.The incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in the treatment group was 4.65％,which was significantly lower than in the control group(23.08％,P＜0.05).Three months after operation,there were no deaths in the two groups.The mRS grades of the treatment group and the control group were(0.74±0.17)and(1.19±0.21)points,respectively;and the good prognosis rates were 97.67％and 82.05％,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indicators between the treatment group and the control group(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group was 11.63％and 5.13％,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intracisternal nimodipine perfusion can reduce the incidence rates of DCVS and delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH,and improve the neurological function and prognosis of patients.

Objective To analyze the preventive effect and safety of intracisternal perfusion of nimodipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm(DCVS)after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods SAH patients treated with intracranial aneurysm clipping were divided into control group and treatment group according to cohort method.The control group was given basic treatment such as blood dilution,volume expansion and pressure boosting after operation.After DCVS was found,nimodipine injection 2.5-5.0 mL·h-1 was injected intravenously.The treatment group was given continuous perfusion of nimodipine solution(nimodipine injection:compound sodium chloride injection=1:19)for 48 h in the cerebral cistern on the basis of the control group,and the pumping speed was 20 mL·L-1.The course of treatment in both groups was 14 days.The incidence of DCVS was recorded at 3,5,7 and 14 days after operation.The neurological function[National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score],state of consciousness[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score],serum DCVS mechanism indexes[platelet-derived growth factor receptor β(PDGFRβ),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),prostacyclin I2(PGI2),fibrin degradation product(FDP)]were compared between the two groups before treatment and 14 days after treatment.The occurrence of postoperative complications such as delayed cerebral ischemia was recorded.The prognosis of the two groups was evaluated by modified Rankin scale(mRS)at 3 months after operation,and the safety was evaluated.Results In this study,39 cases were enrolled in the control group and 43 cases in the treatment group.The incidence of DCVS in the treatment group and the control group were 25.58％and 48.72％at 3 days after operation,20.93％and 43.59％at 5 days after operation,and 13.95％and 38.46％at 7 days after operation,respectively.The above indexes in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group(all P＜0.05).After 14 days of treatment,the NIHSS score of the treatment group and the control group were 2.08±0.43 and 2.96±0.52,respectively;the GCS score were 13.22±0.48 and 12.36±0.50,respectively;the serum PDGFRβ were(70.22±5.97)and(74.86±6.54)ng·mL-1,respectively;MMP-9 were(189.44±17.23)and(213.95±16.81)ng·mL-1,respectively;PGI2 were(96.18±5.84)and(89.44±6.27)ng·L-1;FDP were(1.62±0.50)and(2.13±0.48)mg·L-1,respectively.The above indexes in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group.The incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in the treatment group was 4.65％,which was significantly lower than in the control group(23.08％,P＜0.05).Three months after operation,there were no deaths in the two groups.The mRS grades of the treatment group and the control group were(0.74±0.17)and(1.19±0.21)points,respectively;and the good prognosis rates were 97.67％and 82.05％,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indicators between the treatment group and the control group(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group was 11.63％and 5.13％,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intracisternal nimodipine perfusion can reduce the incidence rates of DCVS and delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH,and improve the neurological function and prognosis of patients.

The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.

A flavoring agent and a suspension agent were prepared for extemporaneous compounding. The stability of the two agents before and after drug loading was investigated, and the taste of the suspension after extemporaneous compounding was evaluated by electronic tongue technology. The two agents remained stable under the conditions of influence factor test, accelerated test and long-term test. The appearance properties of the two agents did not change. The relative density of the flavoring agent was maintained at 1.053-1.075, and the pH was stable at 4.2-4.5. The relative density of the suspension agent was maintained at 0.999-1.022, and the pH was stable at 4.0-4.5. Seven kinds of drugs, including warfarin sodium tablets and spironolactone tablets, were mixed with these two oral solvents, and the content uniformity and stability were detected respectively. The results showed that the preparations could be evenly dispersed and the physical and chemical properties were stable. The results of taste evaluation showed that in captopril group and chloral hydrate group, the flavoring agent had the best effect on taste correction. In warfarin sodium group, rifampicin group, spironolactone group, vitamin B1 group and vitamin B2 group, the blending agents had the best effect on taste correction.