OBJECTIVE To prepare an intelligent responsive liposome-hydrogel nanopreparation co-loaded with gambogic acid （GA）， and characterize its antitumor activity in vitro . METHODS GA-ICG-Lip-gel was prepared by ethanol injection and cold dissolution， incorporating GA and the photosensitizer indocyanine green （ICG）. The appearance and microscopic morphology of GA-ICG-Lip-gel were observed， its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity were measured， and its photothermal conversion performance， photothermal stability， and infrared imaging properties were investigated， along with the determination of its in vitro release profile. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were used as objects to investigate the effects of GA-ICG-Lip-gel （or with near-infrared light irradiation） on cell viability， migration ability， and the cellular uptake capacity of GA-ICG-Lip-gel. RESULTS GA-ICG-Lip-gel existed in a solution state at room temperature and transformed into a gel state at 37 ℃. Its microstructure was dense with small pores， and its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were （96.07±0.86） % and （6.28±1.16） %， respectively. After exposure to near-infrared light， the temperature of GA-ICG-Lip-gel rose above 42 ℃， with no significant attenuation observed in the heating curve. The heating efficiency was dependent on both the irradiation time and drug concentration. Compared to media without gelatinase， the cumulative release rate of GA-ICG-Lip-gel increased in media containing gelatinase. In vitro studies showed that GA-ICG-Lip-gel could be efficiently taken up by MCF-7 cells； GA-ICG-Lip-gel significantly inhibited the viability and migration ability of MCF-7 cells （ P ＜0.05）， and this inhibitory effect was further enhanced under near-infrared light irradiation. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully prepares GA-ICG-Lip-gel， which exhibits favorable photothermal conversion properties and temperature/enzyme dual-responsive drug release characteristics， and demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

Objective: To explore the association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of anxiety and depressive symptoms co-occurrence among adolescents. Methods: A random cluster sampling involving 8 500 first year junior high school students in 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey from October to December 2022. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was applied to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students. Chi-square test was used to compare the anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms of first year junior high school students with different demographic characteristics. The association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms of adolescents was analyzed by binary Logistic regression models. Results: The detection rate of co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 26.92%. After controlling for demographic variables and other confounders, takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption( OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.27-1.77) was associated with anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province ( P <0.01). Stratified analysis showed that both Han ( OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.07-1.77) and ethnic minorities ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.29-2.00) exhibited statistically significant associations between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms(both P <0.05). Conclusions Takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption increases the risk of co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province. It is recommended to strengthen guidance on the consumption of such products among junior high school students to prevent co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of hepatic steatosis with the level of viral replication and the progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） through a real-world study， and to determine the independent influencing factors for hepatic fibrosis. MethodsA total of 887 CHB patients who attended the outpatient service and inpatient ward of Hepatology in The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from July 2021 to March 2025 were enrolled as subjects， and according to the presence or absence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD）， they were divided into CHB group with 560 patients and CHB+MASLD group with 327 patients. The association between hepatic steatosis and HBV load in CHB patients was analyzed， as well as the impact of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis on hepatic fibrosis. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； a Spearman correlation analysis was performed； a Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate influencing factors. ResultsThe patients enrolled received antiviral therapy according to viral load； of all patients， 275 （31%） received nucleos（t）ide analogue combined with pegylated interferon-α， 532 （60%） received nucleos（t）ide analogue monotherapy， and 80 （9%） did not receive antiviral therapy. A total of 44 patients （5.0%） who were receiving PEG-IFN-α therapy and had marked thrombocytopenia were excluded， and finally 843 patients were included for comparison of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI） and fibrosis-4 index （FIB-4）. Compared with the CHB group， the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly higher proportion of male patients （χ²=5.917， P<0.05） and a significant increase in CAP value （t=21.646， P<0.05）. The median values of liver function parameters for the population enrolled were within the normal range， and no significant inflammatory activity was observed. The virological analysis showed that compared with the CHB group， the CHB+MASLD group had significantly lower serum level of pregenomic RNA （Z=-2.894， P<0.05） and HBeAg positivity rate （χ²=8.725， P<0.05）， and CAP was significantly negatively correlated with pgRNA （r=-0.117， P<0.05）. In the HBeAg-negative subgroup， compared with the CHB group， the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly lower level of hepatitis B surface antigen （Z=-0.765， P<0.05）； in the HBeAg-positive subgroup， the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly higher level of HBV DNA than the CHB group （Z=-2.509， P<0.05）. The analysis of hepatic fibrosis showed that the CHB+MASLD group had significantly lower values of APRI （Z=-3.418， P<0.05） and FIB-4 （Z=-6.237， P<0.05）. Compared with the CHB group， the CHB+MASLD S1 group had a significantly higher proportion of patients without fibrosis and a significantly lower proportion patients with liver cirrhosis （χ²=7.935， P<0.05）； in the CHB+MASLD S2 group， there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with different fibrosis stages； the CHB+MASLD S3 group had a significantly lower proportion of patients without fibrosis and a significantly higher proportion of patients with early-stage fibrosis （χ²=9.101， P<0.05）. The Logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in CAP （odds ratio ［OR］=1.08， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.03 — 1.13， P<0.05）， an increase in age （OR=1.02， 95%CI： 1.01 — 1.04， P<0.05）， male sex （OR=1.77， 95%CI： 1.19 — 2.64， P<0.05）， an increase in HBV DNA （OR=1.35， 95%CI： 1.15 — 1.57， P<0.001）， an increase in aspartate aminotransferase （OR=1.02， 95%CI： 1.01 — 1.03， P<0.001）， and an increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （OR=1.00， 95%CI： 1.00 — 1.01， P=0.028） were independent influencing factors for hepatic fibrosis. The risk of hepatic fibrosis in S3 patients was higher than that in patients without steatosis （OR=5.05， 95%CI： 2.48 — 10.29， P<0.001）. ConclusionThere is a lower level of HBV replication in CHB patients comorbid with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis is associated with HBV-related virological markers and the progression of hepatic fibrosis， and severe fatty liver disease may promote the progression of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients.

BackgroundNegative emotions are core predictors of adolescent mental health. While existing research has predominantly focused on the impact of risk factors such as negative life events and rumination on adolescents' emotions， the protective role of the family， particularly parental involvement， has received less attention. Consequently， the integrated mechanism connecting negative life events， rumination， parental involvement and negative emotions remains insufficiently clarified. ObjectiveTo elucidate the mechanisms linking negative life events to negative emotions in adolescents， and to verify the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of parental involvement， so as to provide a theoretical basis for relevant prevention and intervention. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2025. A total of 600 adolescents from a middle school in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Sichuan Province， were recruited through cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist （ASLEC）， the Rumination Response Scale （RRS）， parental involvement subscale of the Perception of Parents Scales （POPS）， and the Chinese short version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale （DASS-21）. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations among all variables. Model 4 and model 7 embedded in Process macro 4.1 were employed to separately test the mediating effect of rumination between negative life events and negative emotions of adolescents， as well as the moderating effect of parental involvement. ResultsUltimately， 534 valid questionnaires were obtained， yielding a valid response rate of 89.00%. ASLEC score and RRS score were positively correlated with DASS-21 scores （r=0.580， 0.706， P<0.01）， and ASLEC score was also positively correlated with RRS score （r=0.583， P<0.01）. Rumination acted as a partial mediator between negative life events and negative emotions， with an indirect effect of 0.531 （95% CI： 0.438–0.630）， accounting for 55.60% of the total effect. Parental involvement significantly moderated the first stage of the mediating pathway （β=-0.109， P<0.05）. ConclusionIn adolescents， rumination serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between negative life events and negative emotions， and parental involvement further moderates the predictive relationship from negative life events to rumination.

Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix are the dried roots of Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii of the Leguminosae family， respectively. Since their separate inclusion in the 2005 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， the two herbs have been individually recorded. Although they share the same functions and indications， the required content of puerarin differs by a factor of up to eightfold between them. The current quality standard relies solely on a single indicator， puerarin， which fails to reflect the correlation between chemical constituents and core therapeutic effects. This has resulted in prominent issues of mixed use in clinical practice and production， thereby constraining the high-quality development of the industry. Modern research has demonstrated that Puerariae Lobatae Radix contains a comprehensive range and higher content of isoflavonoid constituents， while Puerariae Thomsonii Radix is rich in starch and polysaccharides. Puerariae Lobatae Radix exhibits stronger effects in antipyresis， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection， and central analgesia， while Puerariae Thomsonii Radix demonstrates greater advantages in anti-inflammation， hypoglycemia， and peripheral analgesia. Based on this， the chemical material bases of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix at both the macromolecule and micromolecule levels were systematically reviewed and compared. The pharmacodynamic material bases and mechanisms of action underlying their three core therapeutic effects， namely "relieving exterior syndrome and clearing heat"， "promoting fluid production to quench thirst"， and "dredging channels and activating collaterals"， were summarized. The most highly correlated common metabolic pathway shared by both herbs for these three therapeutic effects is the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway， and their common core target is prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）. This review provided clinical application recommendations based on the therapeutic differences between the two herbs， elucidated the scientific connotation of their "same origin but different effects"， and， grounded in the quality marker （Q-Marker）， proposed the concept of efficacy-related Q-Marker based on "substance-efficacy-syndrome" association， as well as a novel strategy for efficacy-oriented quality evaluation. Preliminary screening of quality markers associated with different therapeutic effects was also conducted. This study aims to provide critical scientific evidence for the precise clinical application of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix， the improvement of quality standards， and the high-quality development of the industry.

Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism through which Danggui buxue decoction regulates neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） to improve osteoporosis （OP） in rats with premature ovarian failure （POF）. METHODS Female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， calcitriol group， and Danggui buxue decoction low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups， with 9 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， all other groups were administered cisplatin via intraperitoneal injection on days 1 and 8 to establish a POF complicated with OP model. Each group received the corresponding drugs or normal saline intragastrically starting from day 5， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， NETs， 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25（OH）D3]， receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）， and osteocalcin （BGP） were measured. The histopathological changes in bone tissue were observed. The expressions of vitamin D receptor （VDR）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， neutrophil elastase （NE） and citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3） in bone tissue were detected； the protein expressions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase （CYP27B1） and 1α，25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase （CYP24A1） were also determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the bone tissue of rats in the model group showed a significant reduction in the number of trabeculae， which was thinner broken and poorly connected， with significant destruction of the reticular structure， and an enlarged marrow cavity. Serum levels of NETs and RANKL， the protein expressions of MPO， NE， CitH3 and CYP24A1 in bone tissue were significantly increased or upregulated， while serum levels of E2， 25（OH）D3 and BGP as well as protein expressions of VDR and CYP27B1 were significantly decreased or downregulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the histopathological changes in the bone tissue of rats in each administration group showed some degree of recovery， with significant improvements observed in most quantitative indicators （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Danggui buxue decoction can restore the E2 level in POF complicated with OP rats， and improve OP. The mechanism may be related to its ability to upregulate VD level and inhibit the formation of NETs.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Thesium chinense Turcz.(TCT)for antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD).Methods Network pharmacology,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and molecular docking were used to identify the shared targets and genes of TCT and AAD,the key signaling pathways and the binding between the active components in TCT and the core protein targets.In a Kunming mouse model of AAD established by intragastric administration of lincomycin hydrochloride,the effects of daily gavage of 1%carboxymethyl cellulose sodium or TCT gel solutions at 1.5 g/kg and 3 g/kg(n=10)on body weight and diarrhea were observed.HE staining,ELISA,16S rRNA sequencing,and Western blotting were used to examine pathologies,expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,changes in gut microbiota,and protein expressions of EGFR,p-EGFR,PI3K,p-PI3K,Akt,and p-Akt in the colon tissues of the mice.Results We identified a total of 66 active components of TCT and 68 core targets including EGFR,STAT3 and PIK3CA.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the therapeutic effects of TCT was mediated primarily through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that EGFR had the highest binding affinity with coniferin,and the EGFR-coniferin complex maintained a stable conformation at 10 ns,whose stability was also confirmed by Gibbs free energy analysis.In the mouse models of AAD,treatment with TCT significantly improved colonic tissue morphology,decreased colonic levels of TNF-α and IL-6,increased gut microbiota diversity,and modulated the relative abundances of the key genera including Lactobacillus and Bacteroides.TCT treatment also markedly reduced protein expressions of p-EGFR,p-PI3K and p-Akt in the colon tissues of the mice.Conclusion TCT can alleviate AAD in mice by modulating gut microbiota composition,regulating the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and reducing TNF-α and IL-6 expressions.