Objective To evaluate the associations between carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) detected from any respiratory specimens within 0-7 days after lung transplantation and all-cause mortality at 30-day, 90-day and 1-year post-transplantation. Methods Recipients undergoing lung transplantation at Lung Transplant Center of Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into the CRAb-positive group (n=126) and CRAb-negative group (n=299) according to culture results of respiratory samples collected within postoperative days 0-7. Baseline characteristics were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to identify risk factors for 30-day mortality and analyse the correlation of CRAb detection with 30-day, 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were subsequently conducted. Results Compared with the CRAb-negative group, recipients in the CRAb-positive group presented higher ratios of preoperative invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a higher CRAb-positive rate in donor pharyngeal swabs, and elevated proportions of bilateral lung transplantation, Shell-shaped incision, peri-operative ECMO application. Moreover, the CRAb-positive group had longer pulmonary cold-ischemia time, intensive care unit stay duration and operation time (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that positive CRAb isolation from respiratory samples within postoperative days 0-7 and preoperative coronary stent implantation were independently associated with 30-day mortality (all P<0.001). The CRAb-positive group exhibited significantly higher mortality risks at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year after surgery (all P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, early CRAb detection remained an independent predictor of elevated mortality (all P<0.05). Consistent results were obtained when stratifying cases by detection timing (0-3 days vs. 4-7 days), excluding patients with co-detection of other multidrug-resistant bacteria, and applying inverse probability of treatment weighting, and the direction of association remained consistent. Conclusions CRAb detected from respiratory specimens within postoperative days 0-7 is independently correlated with increased 30-day, 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality among lung-transplant recipients. Early CRAb detection may serve for risk stratification. Nevertheless, such finding does not confirm that CRAb infection directly causes death, and the conclusion cannot be generalized to deaths occurring within the initial postoperative 7-day period.

Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) relapse within months after completing previous therapies. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib as third- or further-line therapy in patients with short-term relapsed SCLC from ALTER1202. Patients with short-term relapsed SCLC (disease progression within 3 months after completing ⩾ two lines of chemotherapy) in the anlotinib (n = 67) and placebo (n = 34) groups were analyzed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, and safety. Anlotinib significantly improved median PFS/OS (4.0 vs. 0.7 months, P < 0.0001)/(7.3 vs. 4.4 months, P = 0.006) compared with placebo. The ORR was 4.5%/2.9% in the anlotinib/placebo group (P = 1.000). The DCR in the anlotinib group was higher than that in the placebo group (73.1% vs. 11.8%, P < 0.001). The most common adverse events (AEs) were hypertension (38.8%), loss of appetite (28.4%), and fatigue (22.4%) in the anlotinib group and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase elevation (20.6%) in the placebo group. No grade 5 AEs occurred. For patients with short-term relapsed SCLC, third- or further-line anlotinib treatment was associated with improved survival benefit. Further studies are warranted in this regard.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/chemically induced* ; Quinolines/adverse effects*

Focal adhesion kinase( FAK) ,a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase,serves as both a molecular scaffold and a mediator participating in multiple signal transduction pathways.FAK is involved in tumor cell survival,proliferation,migration and metastasis.Recent studies have shown that FAK is expressed in many tumor cells.Currently,FAK has been regarded as a potential target for cancer therapy.This review is to summarize the relationship between FAK and tumor progression.

Currently,XB130 as a newly discovered characterized adaptor protein ,it has been implicated as a substrate and regulator of many intracellular signal transduction ,such as FAK/SRC,PI3K/Akt and MEK-ERK signaling and so on.It has been found that XB130 is high expression in many cell lines ,for instance thyroid carcinoma,osteosarcoma,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer and breast cancer etc .The mechanism of XB130 in tumor is becoming increasingly attention .XB130 is recently attributed to be a new oncogene ,and plays important roles in cell pro -liferation,cell survival and tumorigenesis .A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of XB130 as an important mediator in tumor development and as a novel therapeutic target for cancer.

EphA7 is one of the most important members of the Eph family .It is a key regulatory factor of cell adhesion and repulsion ,it also contributes to establish men ,maintain ance and tissue remodeling in cell mor-phology .In recent years ,its function in tumors has been revealed gradually .It plays a variety of roles in different tumors.The overexpression of EphA7 can be detected in acute leukemia ,glioblastomamultiforme,lung cancer and hepatic carcinoma ,which suggests EphA 7 may be involved in the development of these tumors .While in colon cancer,prostate cancer,follicular lymphoma and gastric cancer ,a significant reduction of EphA7 expression with promoter hypermethylation is discovered ,which suggests EphA 7 play a tumor suppressor role in these tumors .E-ven though the function of EphA 7 is still under exploration , EphA7 and tumor development are inextricably linked,it may have roles in the pathogenesis and development of these carcinomas .

Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway involves in vertebrate embryonic development ,tissue differ-entiation,organogenesis,and plays an important role in homeostasis ,the maintenance of stem cell function ,regula-tion of epithelial mesenchymal transition .Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway activation correlates with a variety of tumor development ,invasion,apoptosis and drug resistance .This review seeks to clarify the composition of Hedge-hog-Gli signaling pathway ,mechanism of action ,the role of Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway in lung cancer de-velopment and function of lung cell of the EGFR -TKI resistance .

Lysine specific demethylase 1( LSD1) is a kind of flavin adenine dinucleotid ( FAD) dependent amine oxidase and can specifically demethylate H 3K4me2/me1 and H3K9me2/mel, thus it can regulate gene transcriptional activity .LSD1 is essential for mammalian development and is involved in many biological proces-ses,including cell differentiation,gene activation,and gene repression.Nowadays,it is demonstrated that LSD1 might promote cell phase transition(deficiency in LSD1 leads to partial cell cycle arrest in G2/M)and cell prolif-eration,suggesting that the over -expression of LSD1 might promote tumorigenesis.LSD1,as a demethylase,may be a new target for anti -cancer therapy.Hereby,we review on the structure,action mode of LSD1 and its rela-tionship with oncogenesis .

P300/CBP is one of the most important high molecular weight protein histone acetyltransferase ( HAT) Although it is encoded by multiple different genes , P300/CBP is highly homologous , Because they have the similar amino acid sequence and functions ,and belong to the same class of proteins ,normolly they are all called P300/CBP.P300/CBP is involved in the activation of many kinds of transcription factors ,the protein itself alsohas acetyltransferase activity ,and is capable of acetylation of 4 core histones and transcription factor .More and more studies have confirmed the relationship of P 300/CBP variation withmultiple human diseases , including in-flammation,diabetes,heart disease and especially cancer .In tumor P300/CBP is associated with some pathways , and these pathways play a different roles in the tumor .Although P300/CBP is usually regarded as a tumor sup-pressor factor ,is plays different roles in different tumors ,This review mainly introduces the relationship of P 300/CBP with some solid tumor disease genes ,related transcription factors and their signaling pathways .

Tumor growth and migration are correlated with continuous neovascularization .Slit2-Robo1 signal pathway initially positioned in the nervous system plays an important role in the growth and neuronal axon guidance during migration.However,vascular system resembles the structural features and growth mechanism of neural system .Recent researches have shown that Slit 2-Robo1 signaling pathway plays an important role in vas-cular system,especially in tumor vessel .And Slit2-Robo1 has been shown to play a role in brain metastasis in breast cancer and supporting tumor growth in melanoma .Therefore,the role of Slit2-Robo1 in tumor growth and migration depends on the cancer type .Currently ,researches in this field show controversial results .And the status of Slit2-Robo1 signaling pathway in lung cancer is reviewed in this essay .

Sox2 is one of the important members of the Soxfamily ,It plays an import role in the regulation of early embryo and normal tissue development ,maintain the versatility of stem cells and progenitor cells self -re-newal ability and decide cell fate ,etc.Sox2 genetic mutation or missing may lead to dysplasia or congenital disea-ses.Previous studies showed that Sox 2 expressed in a variety of malignant tumors ,and associated with the inci-dence of malignant tumor ,lymph node metastasis and pathological grading and clinical staging .There fone Sox2 is considered as a potential carcinogenic factor ,its over expression may form one of development of mechanisms for the occurrence and different kinds of malignant tumor .