Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the common complications during pregnancy，and its incidence is increasing with risk factors，screening and diagnostic criteria，which not only brings heavy psychological and economic burdens to pregnant women，but also increases the risk of abnormal lung development in offspring，which may delay the maturation of lung structure and function in offspring，resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia.The abnormal time and control of blood glucose during pregnancy，the regulation of promoting lung maturation，the sex of the fetus，and the infection during pregnancy are the risk factors which interfere with the lung development of offspring，and the choice of delivery time and mode also affect the respiratory system outcome to varying degrees.Therefore，it is very important to understand the lung development of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and analyze their lung development factors to optimize lung development outcomes.This paper mainly expounds the factors affecting the lung development of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and the short-term and long-term outcomes of lung development.