Effective axon regeneration is essential for the successful restoration of nerve functions in patients suffering from axon injury-associated neurological diseases. Certain self-regeneration occurs in injured peripheral axonal branches of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons but does not occur in their central axonal branches. By performing rat sciatic nerve or dorsal root axotomy, we determined the expression of the dysbindin domain containing 2 (DBNDD2) in the DRGs after the regenerative peripheral axon injury or the non-regenerative central axon injury, respectively, and found that DBNDD2 is down-regulated in the DRGs after peripheral axon injury but up-regulated after central axon injury. Furthermore, we found that DBNDD2 expression differs in neonatal and adult rat DRGs and is gradually increased during development. Functional analysis through DBNDD2 knockdown revealed that silencing DBNDD2 promotes the outgrowth of neurites in both neonatal and adult rat DRG neurons and stimulates robust axon regeneration in adult rats after sciatic nerve crush injury. Bioinformatic analysis data showed that transcription factor estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) interacts with DBNDD2, exhibits a similar expression trend as DBNDD2 after axon injury, and may targets DBDNN2. These studies indicate that reduced level of DBNDD2 after peripheral axon injury and low abundance of DBNDD2 in neonates contribute to axon regeneration and thus suggest the manipulation of DBNDD2 expression as a promising therapeutic approach for improving recovery after axon damage.
Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Nerve Regeneration/genetics* ; Rats ; Axons/metabolism* ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of mixed poisonous snake bite. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Forty-three snake bite patients by mixed poisonous snakes admitted to Department of Emergency of the 175th Hospital of People's Liberation Army from February 2015 to February 2017 were enrolled. All patients were divided into routine treatment group (n = 20) and VSD treatment group (n = 23) according to whether early incision decompression and using the VSD technique. The patients in the routine treatment group were treated with injection of antivenoms, Jidesheng snake tablets external coating, and wound incision detoxification. Beside the routine treatments, patients in the VSD treatment group were treated with incision decompression and the VSD suction aspiration for the swelling limb. Bite wound infection rate, local skin necrosis area, maximum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), length of hospital stay and disability rate were compared between the two groups. Results Forty-three patients were followed up for 6-12 months with average of (10.3±1.4) months postoperatively. There were no deaths in both groups. Compared with the routine treatment group, wound infection rate in the VSD treatment group was significantly lowered [8.7% (2/23) vs. 40.0% (8/20)], local skin necrosis area was significantly reduced (cm2: 4.2±0.8 vs. 6.0±1.3), the maximum CRP was significantly lowered (mg/L: 50.0±12.1 vs. 68.0±13.4), the hospitalization time was significantly shortened (days: 11.7±2.9 vs. 17.7±4.9), and the difference above was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The disability rate of the VSD treatment group was lowered as compared with routine treatment group [13.0% (3/23) vs. 13.0% (6/20)] without statistically significant difference. Conclusion Early incision decompression and VSD pressure suction of the swelling limb associated with combination therapy of drugs is a reliable and effective method for severe snakebite, and can promote physical rehabilitation and shorten hospital stay.

ObjectiveTo investigate emergency diagnosis and treatment of pelvic fracture complicated with traumatic rupture of urethra and bladder,and to improve the success rate of treatment on pelvic fracture.MethodsClinical data of 52 cases of pelvic fracture complicated with traumatic rupture of urethra and bladder in department of emergency and urology from 2000 to 2010 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 52 patients,there was 41 cases of pelvic fracture complicated with posterior urethral disruption,15 cases complicated with rupture of bladder and 4 cases complicated withtraumatic rupture of urethra and bladder at the same time.In 41 cases with posterior urethral rupture,6 individual's condition were relatively so severe that they onlyunderwent bladder puncture nephrostomy,and 29 cases underwent traction urethral realignment,the other 6 cases didn't undergo surgery; In 15 cases of patients with bladder rupture,2 patients were performed urethral realignment and bladder repair,11 patients underwent the bladder repair only and the other 2 patients were not performed surgery.There were 8 patients died and the mortality rate was 15.4％.Six died cases failed to conduct emergency surgery because of uncontrollable bleeding and another 2 cases died due to multiple organ failure.ConclusionPelvic fractures is a disease with more complications,it should be diagnosed as early as possible.Patients invalid for conventional anti-shock should be performed pelvic external fixation and emergency embolization to stop bleeding in the emergency department,and undergo associated processing after they are in stable condition.