The National Essential Medicines System could protect public health and ensure access to essential medications.Although the current selection methods for China's National Essential Medicines Lists(NEMLs)are becoming more scientific and standardized,there are still problems such as much emphasis on expert experience and the lack of transparency of decision-making basis.To address these issues,it proposes an evidence-based decision-making pathway for NEMLs selection guided by clinical value.This approach ensures a strong integration of evidence and decision-making,offering valuable insights for improving the adjustment procedures and selection criteria of the NEMLs in China.

The National Essential Medicines System could protect public health and ensure access to essential medications.Although the current selection methods for China's National Essential Medicines Lists(NEMLs)are becoming more scientific and standardized,there are still problems such as much emphasis on expert experience and the lack of transparency of decision-making basis.To address these issues,it proposes an evidence-based decision-making pathway for NEMLs selection guided by clinical value.This approach ensures a strong integration of evidence and decision-making,offering valuable insights for improving the adjustment procedures and selection criteria of the NEMLs in China.

Objective:To investigate the change of collagen fibers in locally recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical chemoradiotherapy and the discrepancy of adverse effects and survival outcomes among groups with different salvage treatments, provide references for the options of salvage therapy.Methods:Medical records of 137 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received radical chemoradiotherapy and had local recurrence admitted to Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2015 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected. The expression of collagen fibers in paraffin samples of cases with different recurrence time was determined by Masson staining, and the differences of the average optical density were calculated. According to the salvage treatment after local recurrence, all cases were divided into the salvage surgery group, second-course chemoradiotherapy group and immunochemotherapy group. The differences of survival outcomes and incidence rates of esophageal tracheal fistula, hemorrhage, pericardial effusion, radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis were analyzed among the three groups. The differences of survival rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test among groups.Results:The expression of collagen fibers in recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Collagen fiber expression was gradually down-regulated with the prolongation of recurrence time. The expression of collagen fibers in recurrent cases after 7 years was similar to that of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates of patients in the salvage surgery group, the second-course chemoradiotherapy group and the immunochemotherapy group were 47%, 30%, 20%; 50%, 27%, 15% and 72.5%, 50%, 50%, respectively; Immunochemotherapy was more effective in salvage treatment for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but there was no statistical difference.Conclusions:Collagen fibers are abundant in recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical chemoradiotherapy. With prolongation of recurrent interval, the expression of collagen fibers is down-regulated. The survival outcomes of patients in the immunochemotherapy group, salvage surgery group and second-course chemoradiotherapy group were comparable.

Catheter Ablation ; Graves Disease/surgery* ; Humans ; Microwaves/therapeutic use* ; Radiofrequency Ablation ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in burn intensive care unit (BICU). Methods: From January 2011 to December 2018, among 2 264 patients who were peripherally inserted central venous catheter at the BICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the third Military Medical University), hereinafter referred to as the author′s unit, 159 patients were diagnosed CRBSI, including 131 males and 28 females, aged 43 (1, 79) years. The pathogens primarily isolated from peripheral venous blood and central venous catheter blood/anterior central venous catheter specimen of patients with CRBSI were retrospectively analyzed. API bacteria identification kits and automatic microorganism identification instrument were used to identify pathogens. Broth micro-dilution method or Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect the drug resistance of the pathogens to 5 antifungal drugs including fluconazole and itraconazole, etc., and 37 antibacterial drugs including tigecycline and imipenem, etc. Modified Hodge test was used to further identify imipenem- and meropenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. D test was used to detect erythromycin-induced clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the annual incidence of CRBSI, mortality of patients with CRBSI, incidence of CRBSI cases, distribution of infection site, and duration of catheterization, detection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and drug resistance of fungi and major Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in clinic. Results: (1) The incidence of CRBSI was 7.0% (159/2 264) during the eight years, which was slightly higher in 2014 and 2017 with 13.6% (30/221) and 11.1% (24/217) respectively. The mortality rate of patients with CRBSI was 7.5% (12/159). (2) The incidence of CRBSI cases was 14.9% (338/2 264); the main infection site was femoral vein, totally 271 cases (80.2%), and the duration of catheterization of this site was 9 (2, 25) d. (3) During the eight years, totally 543 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 353 (65.0%) strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 140 (25.8%) strains of Gram-positive bacteria, and 50 (9.2%) strains of fungi. The top three isolated pathogens with isolation rate from high to low were Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for 23.2% (126/543), 17.1% (93/543), and 15.7% (85/543), respectively. Fungi were mainly Candida parapsilosis. Among the Staphylococcus aureus, the detection rate of MRSA was 98.9% (92/93), and that of MSSA was 1.1% (1/93). (4) Except for the low drug resistance rates to polymyxin B, minocycline, and tigecycline, the drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to the other antibiotics were considerably high (80.1%-100.0%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not resistant to polymyxin B but highly resistant to netilmicin (88.7%) and piperacillin (92.6%), with resistance rates to the other antibiotics from 34.5% to 62.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was not resistant to tigecycline and lowly resistant to imipenem and meropenem (28.9%, 9 imipenem- and meropenem-resistant strains were further confirmed by modified Hodge test), with resistance rates to the other antibiotics from 40.9% to 95.2%. The resistance rates of MRSA to most antibiotics were higher than those of MSSA. MRSA was not resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, sulfamethoxazole, or tigecycline. The resistance rates of MRSA to clindamycin and erythromycin were 7.9% and 62.0%, respectively, and those to the other antibiotics were higher than 91.5%. Except for the complete resistance to penicillin G and tetracycline, MSSA was not resistant to the other antibiotics. Thirty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to erythromycin-induced clindamycin. Fungi was not resistant to amphotericin B, with drug resistance rates to voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole from 4.2% to 6.2%. Conclusions The incidence of CRBSI and mortality of patients with CRBSI are high in BICU of the author′s unit, and the main infection site is femoral vein. There are various types of pathogens in patients with CRBSI, and most of them are Gram-negative. The top three isolated pathogens are Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accompanying with grim drug resistance phenomenon.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment. Results: With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (P<0.001). If the immediate family members were diagnosed as precancer or cancer, people who would encourage their family members to receive early treatment in the four groups accounted for 91.96%, 91.94%, 92.44% and 91.55%, respectively (P<0.001). The company employees, annual household income with 40 000 yuan and more and other three groups had a relatively better consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Male, widowed, unemployed and from the central and western regions had a relatively worse consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Residents in urban China participants had a good consciousness of the cancer early treatment. The marital status, occupation, annual household income and residential regions were major factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China.Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority on China′s public policy agenda.This paper reveals the problems of the DCPS system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposes several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including:"Prevention first" should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in "Healthy China 2030" initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.

On the basis of systematic evaluation of 32 provincial capital cities and municipalities in their capacity for preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases, focus analysis is made on Wuhan in relation to its advantages and disadvantages as follows:There has been a legal basis for epidemic prevention according to law, but it has not translated into effective action.There has been an organizational basis for responding to epidemic, but coordination mechanism has not been effectively established.The management mechanism has been complete, but the division of responsibilities among different departments has not been clear.The monitoring network has been set up, but its role of "predictive warning" has not been played.Insufficiency of public health service delivery was observed owing to lack of financial investment.In cities of China, advantages and disadvantages have been both existent in their capacity to prevent and control of emerging infectious disease.We should be vigilant in this regard. It is imperative to "fill defects, stop leaks and strengthen weakness".There is a Chinese saying:"It is not too late to mend a fold after the sheep have been stolen".

Objective This paper focuses on the field of clinical medicine,with the aim of verifying the feasibility of interdisciplinary literature evaluation model based on feature matching method,to provide support for further interdisciplinary scientific research evaluation.Methods Feature matching method,Delphi expert enquiry,and normalization method were adopted to establish an evaluation system in clinical medicine,which was further verified by case studies.Results The normalization coefficient reflects the difficulty of publishing articles with high impact factors.Through the process of feature matching and normalization,it was found that compared with the fields of Neurology,Psychiatry and Surgery,researchers in the fields of Oncology and Internal Medicine were more likely to publish articles with high impact factors.Conclusions Through case analysis,this study verifies the feasibility of interdisciplinary scientific paper evaluation system.The interdisciplinary paper evaluation system based on feature matching method and normalized evaluation method comprehensively considers the characteristics of various disciplines of clinical medicine and provides a new idea for the evaluation of clinical scientific research talents.

Object To develop an easy-assembled and-disassembled image diagnostic module to solve the problems of the tent-form field medical system in size, weight, mobility, accessories, protection and etc, which is of high references for combination and integration scheme of large-scale digital imaging equipment by adopting box instrumentation.Methods The module had its design executed with system modeling, structure simulation and CAD after its service requirements were analyzed. The design fell into the ones for overall framework, combination mode, packaging and buffer vibration isolation, ergonomics, box instrumentation, radiography accessories for vertical and horizontal positions, protection device and etc.Results The module was gifted with radiodiagnosis-related performances such as digital radiography, digital diagnosis,diagnosis reporting, compatibility to vertical- and horizontal- position radiography, and radiation protection during war conditions.Conclusion The module developed gains advantages in power, continuous radiography, assembling and disassembling, accessories and protection, and thus meets the requirements of the tent-form field medical system in mass casualties imaging diagnosis.