Objective: To explore the related factors of college students social network addiction based on problem behavior theory, so as to provide a basis for improving social networking addiction in this population. Methods: From May to June 2023, a method combining convenient sampling and cluster random sampling was used to select 1 768 college students from five universities in Shanghai for a questionnaire survey on social networking addiction, self esteem, loneliness, depressive symptoms, social support, interpersonal needs, sense of distress and frustration; at the same time, the physical exercise, smoking and drinking of college students were investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association between the three systems of the problem behavior theory (personality, behavior, and social environment) and social networking addiction among college students. Results: The score on the Social Network Addiction Tendency Scale was (21.08±6.29) among college students, and the detection rate of social networking addiction was 66.29%. After adjusting for gender, family economic status, parental divorce status, and whether being an only child, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the personality system, higher loneliness ( OR =1.66) and higher depressive symptoms ( OR =2.18) were associated with increased risk of social networking addiction among college students; in the behavior system, alcohol consumption ( OR =1.42) was associated with higher risk of soical networking addiction compared to non drinkers; and in the social environment system, low social support ( OR =1.43) was associated with increased risk of social networking addiction (all P <0.05). Conclusions The rate of social networking addiction among college students is relatively high, and the systems of personality, behavior, and social environment are all related to social network addiction. Providing social support, cultivating healthy lifestyle habits, and increasing interpersonal interactions may help reduce excessive dependence on social networking among college students.

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the chronological changes in postoperative complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients over the past decade in China and to investigate the potential parameters that contributed to the changes. Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery during 2008–2017 were retrospectively enrolled from 13 hospitals in China. Postoperative complications were compared among different operation years. Risk factors for complications were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 446 surgical ulcerative colitis patients were analyzed. Fewer short-term complications (24.8% vs. 41.0%, P=0.001) and more laparoscopic surgeries (66.4% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001) were found among patients who received surgery during 2014–2017 than 2008–2013. Logistic regression suggested that independent protective factors against short-term complications were a higher preoperative body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.785–0.964; P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR, 0.391; 95% CI, 0.217–0.705; P=0.002) and elective surgery (OR, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.067–0.675; P=0.009). The chronological decrease in short-term complications was associated with an increase in laparoscopic surgery. Conclusions Our data revealed a downward trend of short-term postoperative complications among surgical ulcerative colitis patients in China during the past decade, which may be due to the promotion of minimally invasive techniques among Chinese surgeons.

Objective To observe the effect of pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative ther-apeutic model in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 67 pa-tients with acute cerebral infarction were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into observation group(n=37)and control group(n=30)according to the therapeutic model.The con-trol group was conducted with the traditional therapeutic model,while the observation group was con-ducted with the pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative therapeutic model.The time efficiency of intravenous thrombolysis,early recovery of nerve function and oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the time from onset to visit between the two groups(P＞0.05);the time from seeing a doctor to thrombolysis and the time from seeing a doctor to signing the informed consent for intravenous thrombolysis in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).On the hospital admission,there was no significant difference in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05);at the time points of 7 days after admission and 90 days after thrombolysis,the NIHSS scores of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malonaldehyde(MDA)between the two groups(P＞0.05);the level of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).One patient died in the control group,with a mortality rate of 3.33％;no patient died in the observation group.Conclusion Pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative therapeutic model can effectively improve the time efficiency of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with acute cerebral infarction,alleviate the neurological damage,and reduce degree of oxidative stress reaction and death risk.

Objective To observe the effect of pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative ther-apeutic model in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 67 pa-tients with acute cerebral infarction were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into observation group(n=37)and control group(n=30)according to the therapeutic model.The con-trol group was conducted with the traditional therapeutic model,while the observation group was con-ducted with the pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative therapeutic model.The time efficiency of intravenous thrombolysis,early recovery of nerve function and oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the time from onset to visit between the two groups(P＞0.05);the time from seeing a doctor to thrombolysis and the time from seeing a doctor to signing the informed consent for intravenous thrombolysis in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).On the hospital admission,there was no significant difference in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05);at the time points of 7 days after admission and 90 days after thrombolysis,the NIHSS scores of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malonaldehyde(MDA)between the two groups(P＞0.05);the level of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).One patient died in the control group,with a mortality rate of 3.33％;no patient died in the observation group.Conclusion Pre-hospital and intra-hospital collaborative therapeutic model can effectively improve the time efficiency of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with acute cerebral infarction,alleviate the neurological damage,and reduce degree of oxidative stress reaction and death risk.

Objective:To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for determining the plasma concentrations of 10 active ingredients in Wujiwan at different time points after oral administration， and to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics between normal rats and rats with chronic visceral hypersensitive irritable bowel syndrome （CVH-IBS）. Method:CVH-IBS rat model was prepared by the neonatal rat colon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA） balloon stimulation method. After intragastric administration of Wujiwan （0.245 g·kg^-1）， blood was collected from the jugular vein at different time points， and the plasma concentrations of 10 active ingredients （berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride， coptisine hydrochloride， jatrorrhizine hydrochloride， epiberberine， dihydroberberine， evodiamine， evodine， paeoniflorin， albiflorin） in Wujiwan was detected simultaneously by UPLC-MS/MS， the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component in normal rats and CVH-IBS rats were calculated. Result:The established UPLC-MS/MS could sensitively and accurately detect the plasma concentrations of 10 active ingredients of Wujiwan in rats. Compared with the normal group， the absorption rates of these 10 active ingredients of Wujiwan in the blood of CVH-IBS rats all decreased to a certain extent， and the peak time （t_max） was prolonged. Among them， the t_max of berberine hydrochloride and jatrorrhizine hydrochloride were significantly prolonged from 54 minute and 39 minute to 90 minute， respectively （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve （AUC_0-t） of each component increased， and evodiamine and paeoniflorin were significantly different （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The clearance rates （CL/F） of these 10 active ingredients were all decreased， among which berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride and evodiamine had significant differences （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Conclusion:There are significant differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior of the active ingredients in Wujiwan between normal rats and CVH-IBS rats， which may be related to the destruction of microstructure of intestinal epithelial cells and the change of activity of liver enzymes under the pathological state of IBS.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effects of intraoperative arthrography monitoring assisted closed reduction and internal fixation for intercondylar fracture of humerus in children. METHODS: From January 2013 to July 2018, 18 children with intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated by operation, including 13 males and 5 females aged from 3 to 12 years old with an average age of (8.50±2.57) years old. According to Toniolo & Wilkinson classification, 8 children were typeⅠand 10 children were typeⅡ. During the operation, closed reduction and internal fixation were performed under the monitoring of intraoperative radiography, open reduction and internal fixation were performed in necessity. Mayo score of elbow joint was used to evaluate clinical effect at 6 months after operation. RESULTS: All children were underwent arthrography monitoring during operation, 5 children were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation for intraoperative arthrography found no fracture of articular cartilage, 11 children by closed reduction and internal fixation because of fracture of articular cartilage involving the joint space with displacement less than 2 mm, and 2 children by closed or open reduction and internal fixation for fracture of articular cartilage surface with displacement above 2 mm, which 1 child with smooth of joint surface was performed closed reduction and internal fixation, 1 child without smooth of joint surface and displacement above 2 mm was performed open reduction and internal fixation. All children were followed up from 8 to 26 months with an average of (20.28±4.40) months. All factures were healed from 6 to 9 weeks with an average of (7.33±0.77) weeks. Postoperative Mayo score of elbowjoint at 6 months was (89.44±11.36), and 12 patients got excellent results, 5 good and 1 poor. One patient occurred partial limitation of flexion or extension of elbow joint. No elbow deformity and other complications occurred. CONCLUSION The treatment of intercondylar fracture of humerus in children under monitoring of intraoperative radiography could reduce opertaion injuries and complications, confirm the reduction effect of articular surface of cartilage in time and clearly, and promote recovery of elbow joint function.
Arthrography ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures/surgery* ; Humerus ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Results: The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (P<0.001). The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of residents aged 50 to 69 years old, other occupational groups, unmarried, the central and western region residents and the group with unclear self-assessment of cancer risk was significantly lower than that of residents younger than 40 years old, personnel of public institutions/civil servants, married, the eastern region residents and the group whose self-assessment without cancer risk (P<0.05) . The level of health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment of females, people who went to high school or over, cancer risk assessment/screening population, cancer patients and occupational population was significantly higher than that of males, people who had an education level of primary school or below and community residents (P<0.05) . Conclusion The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of urban residents in China was relatively high, but there was still room for improvement. Gender, age, educational level, occupation, region, marital status, self-assessment of cancer risk, and type of respondents were the key influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Male, 50-69 years old, lower educational level, central and western regions, unclear cancer risk self-assessment, and without specific environmental exposure to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge or related risk factors were the characteristics of the key intervention group of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.