ObjectiveTo evaluate the public health governance capacity in Jiangsu Province and provide an optimized pathway for the construction of a “strong, rich, beautiful, and high-quality” new Jiangsu. MethodsA total of 806 policy documents, 658 public information reports, and 148 research literatures related to public health governance capacity in Jiangsu Province from January 1995 to December 2023 were collected. The status of current public health goverance was assessed based on the evaluation criteria suitable for public health systems, and the strengths and the weaknesses of the system were identified. ResultsThe public health governance capability of Jiangsu Province was scored at 738.3 points, ranking 3rd nationally. Maternal health care and emergency response capacities achieved leading positions nationwide, both ranking 2nd. Jiangsu had exhibited a standardized guidance in the strategic level, a well-established management mechanism, an extensive coverage in information collection, and a scientifically established health targets setting. However, bottlenecks remained, including an unclear division of responsibilities across organizational departments, an insufficient public-health workforce, the absence of a stable growth mechanism for government funding investment, and difficulties in promptly identifying public needs. ConclusionJiangsu’s public-health system demonstrates leading nationally, yet several components remain underdeveloped. Future efforts should consolidate advantages while addressing weaknesses, further diversify content and forms, establish a stable funding increase mechanism, and clarify departmental functions, thereby providing solid health support for realizing the developmental goals of a “strong, rich, beautiful and high-quality” new Jiangsu.

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province, to conduct an in-depth analysis of its strengths and weaknesses, so as to provide scientific basis and strategic recommendations for further enhancement. MethodsA systematic collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2023 was conducted (encompassing a total of 1 263 policy documents, 138 pieces of information reports and 631 research articles). Based on the evaluation criteria suitable for public health systems previously developed by the research team, the basic status and magnitude of change in public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province was evaluated. Additionally, normative gap analyses were employed to identify the strengths and weaknesses. ResultsZhejiang Province ranked 4th nationwide in terms of public health governance capacity with a score of 733.4 points (1 000.0-point maximum). The province has effectively implemented the principle of health first (scoring 698.5 points in the assessment of health-first strategy implementation) and attached sufficient importance to health-related goals (scoring 658.2 points in the scientific rationality of goal setting). However, the implementation of inter-departmental coordination and incentive mechanisms only scored 178.7 points, the feasibility of management and monitoring mechanisms scored even lower at only 144.0 points, and the coverage of incentive mechanisms scored 286.0 points. ConclusionZhejiang Province has effectively implemented its health first strategy and attached great importance to health targets, but still needs to strengthen cross-departmental coordination mechanisms and health-oriented incentives.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between physical development indicators and the onset and progression of myopia among children and adolescents, so as to provide theoretical support for coordinated vision and physical health management. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. In September 2022, 3 102 students from grade one in primary school to grade three in junior high school (five year primary school and four year junior high school) from six schools in Huantai County, Shandong Province, were selected using multistage cluster random sampling method to participate in an epidemiological survey on myopia, with follow up completed in September 2023. Follow up value minus baseline value( d ) was used to assess changes in physical development and vision indicators. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between physical development indicators and the incidence of myopia. Generalized linear models were established to analyze the relationship between physical development indicators and changes in d spherical equivalent (SE) and d axial length (AL) . Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, and baseline body mass index, the third ( Q 3)and fourth ( Q 4)quartiles of d height showed increased risks of myopia onset within one year compared to the first quartile( Q 1) ( OR =1.85,95% CI =1.18-2.88; OR =1.74,95% CI =1.09-2.78,both P ＜0.05). Results from the generalized linear model indicated that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, and baseline SE, d SE was negatively correlated with d height and d weight in children and adolescents ( β =-0.024, 95% CI =-0.031 to -0.018; β =-0.006, 95% CI =-0.011 to -0.001), d AL was positively correlated with d height and d weight in children and adolescents ( β =0.011, 95% CI =0.008-0.013; β =0.005, 95% CI =0.003-0.007) (all P ＜0.05). Conclusions Physical development indicators in children and adolescents were associated with the onset and progression of myopia. Dynamic monitoring and early intervention of myopia should be strengthened for children and adolescents with rapid height and weight gain to achieve coordinated management of myopia and physical development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Xueshisanjia San against liver fibrosis by regulating PTEN-induced putative kinase （PINK1）/Parkin signaling pathway-mediated mitophagy. MethodsForty specific pathogen free （SPF）-grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the control， model， silibinin （100 mg·kg^-1）， high-dose （15.16 g·kg^-1） Xueshisanjia San， and low-dose （7.58 g·kg^-1） Xueshisanjia San groups. The mouse model of liver fibrosis was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 20% carbon tetrachloride solution. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta after intraperitoneal anesthesia， and the liver was separated. Liver pathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and Sirius Red staining. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe the mitochondrial morphology in the liver tissue. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， total bilirubin （TBil）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum of mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry， immunofluorescence assay， and Western blot were employed to determine the protein levels of liver fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and collagen Ⅰ， as well as mitophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， p62， Beclin-1， PINK1， Parkin， and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOM20）. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited elevated levels of ALT， AST， CRP， TBil， IL-6， TGF-β₁， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.05）， pathological changes such destroyed structure of hepatic lobules， disarrangement of hepatic cells， and collagen accumulation， swollen， vacuolated， and fragment mitochondria， down-regulated expression of p62 and TOM20， and up-regulated expression of LC3， Beclin-1， PINK1， and Parkin （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， all the treatment groups exhibited declined levels of ALT， AST， CRP， TBil， IL-6， TGF-β₁， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.05）， alleviated pathological damage of liver tissue and mitochondrial damage， up-regulated expression of p62 and TOM20， and down-regulated expression of α-SMA， COL1A1， LC3， Beclin1， PINK1， and Parkin （P<0.05）. ConclusionXueshisanjia San may prevent excessive mitophagy and improve mitochondrial quality by inhibiting PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway， thereby alleviating liver fibrosis.

Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

This article describes a new species of Genus Xenodaeria Jordan(1932)(Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae), collected from the southern slope of Cangshan mountain in Dali, Yunnan. The new species is similar to Xenodayia telios, Jordan 1932, and X. laxiproceria Wu, Gu et Liu,1996, but more like X. telios. However, it can be distinguished from X. telios and other known species in the genus based on the following characteristics: The movable process of the male gripper is bent finger shaped, with a blunt end and no angular protrusion extending forward; The posterior St. VII in females has a semi-circular deep depression, with blunt rounded ends of the dorsal and ventral lobes, and the dorsal lobes are wider and longer than the ventral lobes. The type specimen was collected on November 2,1994 from the shrubbery at an altitude of approximately 2 450 m in the southern end of Cangshan Mountain in Dali City, Yunnan Province. The host species were Anourosorex squamipes and Crocidura rapax.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current awareness and optimization recommendations on pneumonia with unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance among Shanghai healthcare professionals, and to provide evidence for the improvement of the surveillance system. MethodsIn December 2024, healthcare professional participants from diverse medical and health institutions were randomly selected within each stratum using a stratified cluster sampling method in all 16 districts of Shanghai for questionnaire surveys on their knowledge and suggestions for optimization of the PUE surveillance system. Descriptive statistics analyses, multivariate logistic regressions, and content analyses were used for data analyses. ResultsA total of 385 survey subjects were involved in the study, including 119 professional staffs from disease prevention and control centers and 266 from medical institutions. Those who understood the case definition for PUE correctly accounted for 67.01% (258/385). Multivariate regression model analyses showed that female gender (aOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.36‒3.66), professionals from disease control institutions (aOR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.12‒3.72), and those who self-assessed as being familiar with the monitoring system (aOR=2.18, 95%CI:1.23‒3.89) had better understanding of the definition. Overall, 89.61% (345/385) of the survey subjects acknowledged the necessity of the surveillance system. Small number of cases meeting the case definition (54.46%, 214/379), insufficient diagnostic awareness (39.84%, 151/379), and lack of incentives for case reporting (29.29%, 111/379) were major problems for the current surveillance system, with variations observed across different types of institutions. Suggested segments for optimizing the surveillance system included monitoring purpose, case definition, form of monitoring and reporting procedure, organization mechanism, and epidemiological investigation and response. ConclusionThe necessity of PUE surveillance is commonly recognized among healthcare workers. However, the existing system falls short in terms of mastery of case definition and overall surveillance adaptability. There is an urgent need for optimization and improvement to enhance the capacity for preventing and controlling emerging and sudden respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status of the “Three-Exemptions” policy for voluntary blood donation in China by taking Shandong Province as a case study, explore the sociodemographic characteristics of policy beneficiaries and the distribution differences in blood donation frequencies, so as to provide practical references for improving the honor incentive system of voluntary blood donation and stabilizing the blood donation team. Methods: Excel was used to sort out and summarize the policy documents from 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and its implementation models, temporal characteristics and implementation basis were analyzed. Using 238 193 policy beneficiaries in Shandong Province as the research objects, Stata was adopted for descriptive statistical analysis of sociodemographic characteristics including gender, age, educational background and occupation. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed to compare the distribution differences of blood donation frequencies among populations with different characteristics. Results: The “Three Exemption” policy has been implemented in 29 provinces nationwide, forming five differentiated implementation models. Specifically, 45.16% of the regions adopted province-wide unified implementation, 32.26% adopted partial prefecture-level city implementation, 12.90% adopted partial clause implementation, 3.23% adopted encouraging implementation, and 6.45% had not implemented the policy. The period from 2023 to 2026 witnessed the concentrated promotion of the policy. In Shandong Province, the beneficiaries were mainly males (82.08%), middle-aged individuals aged 40-60 years (71.78%), groups with junior and senior high school education (56.57%), and staff employees (30.60%). The distribution of blood donation frequencies showed that nearly 60% (56.95%) of the beneficiaries had donated blood 20 to 29 times. Statistically significant differences in donation frequency distributions were observed across genders, age groups, educational backgrounds, and occupations (all P<0.05). Further analysis revealed that the proportion of males with 40 or more blood donations was higher than that of females (24.32% vs 15.60%), while females had a higher proportion of 20-29 blood donations than males (65.98% vs 54.99%). With the increase of age, the proportion of those with 20-29 blood donations gradually decreased, whereas the proportion of those with≥40 blood donations gradually increased. Conclusion: The coverage of the “Three Exemptions” policy for voluntary blood donation in China continues to expand. However, there is still room for optimization in terms of policy implementation standards, population structure adaptation and incentive gradient design. Future efforts should strengthen national top-level design to balance regional development gaps. Moreover, hierarchical and targeted incentive and publicity strategies combined with population structural characteristics should be implemented to enhance public enthusiasm for voluntary blood donation.

ObjectiveTo screen and identify the key proteins of Monkeypox Virus （MPXV） that regulate the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome. MethodsUsing the genomic sequence of the domestic epidemic strain of MPXV as a template to construct an expression plasmid library containing 82 viral genes. To screen for viral genes that significantly inhibit the production of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， the expression plasmids encoding NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， cysteine protease-1（Caspase-1）， and pro-IL-1β-Luc reporter gene were co-transfected into HEK293T cells， along with the viral gene plasmids. The signal of the NLRP3 inflammasome was monitored by measuring luciferase activity in the cell supernatant. The inhibition effects were further confirmed by Western Blot （WB）， and the interactions between the viral proteins and the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome were determined by Co-immunoprecipitation （Co-IP）. Additionally， site-directed mutagenesis was performed to identify the specific interaction motifs. ResultsAn NLRP3 inflammasome signal screening system were successfully established and optimized. Screening the MPXV plasmids using this system revealed that B10R most significantly inhibits IL-1β maturation in a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.000 1）. Further characterization demonstrated that B10R interacts directly with pro-IL-1β. Notably， the C-terminal motif mutant of B10R （B10Rmut-C， T96A， Y97A， I98A） lost its ability to interact with pro-IL-1β. ConclusionsThe MPXV B10R protein interacts with pro-IL-1β， thereby inhibiting the IL-1β maturation. The C-terminal motif （T96， Y97， I98） of the B10R protein is crucial for function. This study provides important clues and a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which MPXV regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Frontopsylla(Frontopsylla)ochotona sp.nov.is closely related to Frontopsylla(Fr.)adixsterna Liu,Shao et Liu,1976,but can be distinguished by the following characteristics:1.In males,the immutable processes exhibit a wide,finger-like shape with asymmetrical anterior and posterior edges at their ends.The posterior edge of st.VIII lacks a deep depression,and the distal arm of st.IX is split into two lobes.2.In females,the posterior edge of the st.VII abdominal plate lacks a deep sinus,but the posterior end has a truncated or arc-shaped broad leaf.The posterior edge of t.VIII has a wide sinus,distinguishing it from F.adixsterna and other species in this genus.The type specimen was collected in Linzhi City,Xizang Autonomous Region of China,in November 2018,from an agricultural area at an altitude of approximately 3 000 m.The host species include Ochotona sp.,Niviventer confucianus,and Pitymys leucurus.