ObjectiveTo detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T （Tfh） cells and their functionally related cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder （EID） model mice， and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. MethodsSixteen female Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups， with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension， while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy， the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein （CXCR5） in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-6， and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor （PR）， Bcl-6， and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. ResultsIncomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal control group， Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）； serum IL-4， IL-6， and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice， and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID， and may be involved in the development of female immune infertility.

Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare type of lung tumor characterized by bilayered epithelial cells having a continuous basal layer and a luminal layer. It resembles mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) on frozen section, with difficulty in distinguishing the basal layer. Immunohistochemistry is the best choice for verifying the diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize three cases of BA-combined carcinoma using clinical, histopathological, and genetic features. BA and carcinoma sections were subjected to next-generation sequencing, respectively. It was hypothesized that while different mutation forms matched different regions, BA and lung adenocarcinoma shared the same gene mutation when they co-occurred in the same location. BA with extensive carcinoma is extremely rare and presents diagnostic challenges due to its overlap with conditions such as MA. Because of its distinctive morphological characteristics, BA may be regarded as a low-grade malignancy, particularly during a confusing evaluation. A multifaceted examination of clinical, radiological, immunohistochemical, and genetic data is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

ObjectiveBy comparing the composition and content of volatile components in raw products， wine-washed products and wine-fried products of Ligusticum sinense cv. Chaxiong rhizome（LSCR）， to investigate the influence of wine processing on the volatile components of LSCR， in order to provide a basis for the development of quality standards for LSCR and its processed products. MethodsElectronic nose was used to identify the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， and their volatile components were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the relative mass fractions of these components were determined by peak area normalization method. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on the obtained sample data by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR were screened according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between volatile differential flavor components and electronic nose sensors. ResultsElectronic nose detection results showed that there were significant differences in the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， mainly reflected in the sensors S2， S4， S5， S6， S11， S12， S13. And a total of 62 compounds were identified from LSCR and its wine-processed products， among which 46， 50 and 51 compounds were identified from LSCR， wine-fried and wine-washed LSCR， respectively. There were 21 differential components between the raw products and wine-fried products， of which 10 components were increased and 11 were decreased after processing. There were 20 differential components between the raw products and wine-washed products， of which 11 constituents increased and 9 decreased after processing. There were 17 differential components between the wine-wash products and wine-fried products. Compared with the wine-washed products， the contents of 13 components in the wine-fried products increased， and the contents of 4 components decreased. The increasing trend of the content of phthalides in the wine-washed products was more obvious than that in the wine-fried products， but the content of total volatile components was higher in the wine-fried products than the wine-washed products. Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the 7 differential sensors of electronic nose and 24 differential volatile components， mainly phthalides and olefins. ConclusionThe odor and the content of volatile components in LSCR changed obviously after wine processing， and n-butylphthalide， Z-butylidenephthalide and E-ligustilide can be used as the candidate differential markers of volatile components in LSCR before and after wine processing.

Objective To explore the relationship between axillary artery and axillary vein by combining computed tomography angiography computed tomography angiography(CTA)and computed tomography venography(CTV),and to provide imaging data for establishing an effective blood circulation pathway for vascular injury in clinical transaxillary surgery.Methods The image data of 30 patients who underwent left upper limb and axillary CTA and CTV at the same time were collected.After three-dimensional reconstruction of the images by GE AW4.6 workstation,the course,branch type and variation of axillary artery,the course of axillary vein,the reflux of subordinate branches and the relationship between axillary artery and axillary vein were observed.The length of the whole segment,the length of segment and the inner diameter of the starting point of each segment were measured and statistically analyzed.Results According to the number of branches from the main trunk,the axillary artery was divided into 7 types.According to the variation of the number of blood vessels,the axillary vein was divided into 5 types;The unknown vein branches converge into 32 branches,of which the first segment accounted for 37.5％,the second segment accounted for 46.9％,and the third segment accounted for 15.6％.According to the absence of arterial branches,the relationship between axillary artery and axillary vein was divided into 2 types.Conclusion There are many types of branches of axillary arteries and branches of axillary veins,and the variation types are complex.The changes of branches of axillary arteries affect the distribution of branches of axillary veins.Combined with CTA and CTV images,the relationship between axillary vessels can be reflected clearly and intuitively,which can provide imaging reference for the establishment of new ways of blood supply and reflux in clinical axillary treatment.

Objective: To analyze the nucleic acid load of human parvovirus B19 in major commercially available blood products in China, including human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin, human rabies immunoglobulin and various coagulation factor products, aiming to provide evidence for improving blood product manufacturing processes and quality control of source plasma. Methods: A total of 98 batches of coagulation factor products were tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, including 42 batches of human prothrombin complex, 35 batches of human coagulation factor Ⅷ, and 21 batches of human fibrinogen. Additionally, 6 batches of human albumin, 6 batches of human intravenous immunoglobulin, and 38 batches of human rabies immunoglobulin were tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid. Results: Human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid were undetectable in human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin and human rabies immunoglobulin. Among the 98 batches of coagulation factor products tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid, B19 nucleic acid reactivity rate was 69.0% (29/42) for human prothrombin complex batches, but nucleic acid concentration were all significantly lower than 10 IU/mL. The reactivity rate of B19 nucleic acid in 35 batches of human coagulation factor Ⅷ was 48.6% (17/35), with nucleic acid concentration all below 10 IU/mL. The reactivity rate of B19 nucleic acid in 21 batches of human fibrinogen was 61.9% (13/21), with nucleic acid concentration all below 10 IU/mL. Conclusion: No human parvovirus B19 has been detected in human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin, or human rabies immunoglobulin. Human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid may exist in commercially available coagulation factor products, highlighting the need for enhanced screening of human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid in these products. It is also recommended that B19 viral nucleic acid testing be conducted on source plasma, particularly for coagulation factor products.

Objective: To analyze the nucleic acid load of human parvovirus B19 in major commercially available blood products in China, including human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin, human rabies immunoglobulin and various coagulation factor products, aiming to provide evidence for improving blood product manufacturing processes and quality control of source plasma. Methods: A total of 98 batches of coagulation factor products were tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, including 42 batches of human prothrombin complex, 35 batches of human coagulation factor Ⅷ, and 21 batches of human fibrinogen. Additionally, 6 batches of human albumin, 6 batches of human intravenous immunoglobulin, and 38 batches of human rabies immunoglobulin were tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid. Results: Human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid were undetectable in human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin and human rabies immunoglobulin. Among the 98 batches of coagulation factor products tested for human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid, B19 nucleic acid reactivity rate was 69.0% (29/42) for human prothrombin complex batches, but nucleic acid concentration were all significantly lower than 10 IU/mL. The reactivity rate of B19 nucleic acid in 35 batches of human coagulation factor Ⅷ was 48.6% (17/35), with nucleic acid concentration all below 10 IU/mL. The reactivity rate of B19 nucleic acid in 21 batches of human fibrinogen was 61.9% (13/21), with nucleic acid concentration all below 10 IU/mL. Conclusion: No human parvovirus B19 has been detected in human albumin, human intravenous immunoglobulin, or human rabies immunoglobulin. Human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid may exist in commercially available coagulation factor products, highlighting the need for enhanced screening of human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid in these products. It is also recommended that B19 viral nucleic acid testing be conducted on source plasma, particularly for coagulation factor products.

Objective To investigate the neural basis of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in regulating glucose homeostasis and elucidate the molecular mechanisms.Methods Male Glp1r-IRES-Cre,Glp1r-KO,and wild-type mice were used in this study.Fiber photometry was employed to record Ca2+signals of neurons in ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH)and patch-clamp was used to analyze electrophysiological properties of GLP-1 receptor-positive(GLP-1RVMH)neurons.Viral stereotaxic injections,chemogenetics,plasma hormone assays,and routine glucose metabolism assessments were combined to determine the regulatory role of GLP-1RVMH neurons in glucose homeostasis.Tissue and cell mitochondrial respiratory function assays,transmission electron microscopy,and conventional molecular biology methods were used to explore the mechanism by which GLP-1R agonists regulate glucose homeostasis.Results When the glucose concentration decreased from 5.0 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L,the action potential frequency of GLP-1RVMH neuron decreased significantly[(4.51±0.80)Hz vs.(1.43±0.51)Hz,P<0.01].Activation of GLP-1RVMH neuron significantly enhanced insulin secretion[(7.60±0.56)μU/mL vs.(11.34±0.93)μU/mL,P<0.01],while inhibition of these neuronal activities impaired the hypoglycemic efficiency of GLP-1 agonists[(32.03%±0.91%)vs.(25.77%±1.09%),P<0.001)].Mechanistically,GLP-1 regulated glucose homeostasis through Drp1 phosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial fission and improved mitochondrial energy metabolism.Conclusion GLP-1RVMH neurons are a class of glucose-excited neurons,and which activated directly promotes secretion of insulin.The hypoglycemic effect of GLP-1R agonists depend on the neuronal activity of GLP-1RVMH.

Background Ozone (O₃), a key air pollutant, significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, with particularly pronounced effects in the elderly. Objective To explore the association between acute O₃ exposure and mortality from CVD and its subtypes in the elderly population in Jinan, and to investigate the modifying effects of gender,age, and seasonal factors on O₃-related effects, as well as to clarify the interaction with other air pollutants. Methods Daily mortality data for CVD, air pollutants, and meteorological parameters were collected in Jinan from 2015 to 2023. Generalized additive models (GAM) combined with distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were used to analyze the lag effects of acute O₃ exposure on mortalities from CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke in elderly individuals aged ≥60 years. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore effect differences by gender (male vs. female), age (non-high-aged elderly<80 years vs. high-aged elderly ≥80 years), and season (warm season: April–September vs. cold season: October–March of the following year). Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API), and Synergy index (SI) were used to assess the interactions of O₃ with PM_2.5 and NO₂. Results During the study period, the mean daily concentration of ozone reached (105.01 ± 54.18) μg·m⁻³, exceeding the Grade I limit value specified in Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095–2012). Among the 203834 CVD deaths, IHD (53.07%) and stroke (33.33%) were the predominant mortality subtypes. The single-day lag analysis revealed peak excess risk (ER) for CVD mortality at lag0 (ER=0.64%, 95%CI: 0.29%, 1.00%) per 10 μg·m⁻³ O₃ increase. The cumulative effects peaked at lag04 (ER=1.61%, 95%CI: 0.77%, 2.46%). The subtype-specific analyses showed the maximal single-day effects at lag0 were identified for both IHD (ER=0.61%, 95%CI: 0.20%, 1.03%) and stroke (ER=0.65%, 95%CI: 0.19%, 1.11%), while the cumulative risks peaked at lag04 for IHD (ER=1.54%, 95%CI: 0.56%, 2.54%) and lag03 for stroke (ER=1.74%, 95%CI: 0.76%, 2.73%). The gender subgroup analyses suggested that both male and female subgroups showed the most significant impact on CVD mortality at lag0, with ER values of 0.53% (95%CI: 0.11%, 0.95%) and 0.75% (95%CI: 0.33%, 1.18%), respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). No statistically significant difference in effect values was found between high-aged and non-high-aged elderly (P>0.05) after age subgroup analyses. The seasonal subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of O₃ on CVD and its subtypes in the warm season were significantly higher than those in the cold season (P<0.05). At lag0 in the warm season, the ER values for CVD, IHD, and stroke mortality were 0.86% (95%CI: 0.57%, 1.14%), 0.84% (95%CI: 0.49%, 1.19%), and 0.84% (95%CI: 0.43%, 1.26%), respectively. The interaction analyses revealed an antagonistic effect between O₃ and PM_2.5 on stroke mortality in the elderly [RERI=−4.64% (95%CI: −9.27%, −0.01%), API=−4.39% (95%CI: −8.77%, −0.01%), SI=0.55 (95%CI: 0.26, 0.84)]. The O₃ effect remained robust in the multi-pollutant models (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute O₃ exposure increases the risk of mortality from CVD and its subtypes in the elderly, and this effect is amplified in the warm season. Additionally, O₃ and PM_2.5 have an antagonistic effect on stroke mortality in the elderly.

Objective: To analyze the results of national external quality assessment (EQA) for transfusion compatibility test from 2018 to 2023, with the aim of providing references for improving laboratory testing quality and ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods: Three EQA programs were conducted annually, each distributing 22 quality assessment samples. Participating transfusion laboratories were required to complete testing within specified deadlines and to submit results along with documentation of testing methodologies, reagents, and equipment used. National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) conducted statistical analysis of laboratory results, evaluated testing outcomes and related circumstances, and provided feedback to participating laboratories. EQA data from transfusion laboratories across China from 2018 to 2023 were collected and systematically analyzed. Results: From 2018 to 2023, the qualification rates for all five items (ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, Rh blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching) were 67.59%, 77.11%, 77.38%, 72.78%, 79.96%, and 85.16%, respectively. The mean qualification rates for ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, RhD blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching over the past six years were 96.25%±0.59%, 90.45%±4.52%, 96.05%±0.71%, 90.88%±2.86%, and 88.34%±3.48%, respectively. The qualification rates in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023 all showed a stable trend of "blood stations>tertiary hospitals>secondary hospitals". The mean qualification rate of laboratories in secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 was significantly lower than those of laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P>0.05). The micro column agglutination method was the most widely used in all five tests. In the four test items, namely ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching, there was a statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of micro column agglutination method compared to other methods (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference in the qualification rate between manual and automated detection using micro column agglutination method in the cross-matching tests (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the other test items (P>0.05). Conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the number of laboratories participating in EQA activities has been increasing year by year, and the qualification rate has shown an overall upward trend. The type of laboratory is a key factor affecting the qualification rate, and the testing capabilities of some laboratories still need to be improved. The micro column agglutination method is widely used in transfusion compatibility tests. The established EQA program effectively monitors quality issues in laboratories, drives continuous improvement, and ensures sustained enhancement of testing standards to safeguard clinical blood safety.