Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on the effects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP), focusing on upper limb functional outcomes and neuroplasticity-related changes assessed through direct or indirect measures. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines and was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DU8RE). A search of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) was performed to identify studies involving children (0–18 years) with CP who received CIMT as the primary intervention. Eligible studies assessed neuroplasticity through neuroimaging or neurophysiological techniques. Results: Eleven studies involving 221 children met the inclusion criteria. CIMT protocols varied in duration, intensity, and setting (e.g., clinical, home-based, camp-based). Across studies, CIMT was associated with improvements in upper limb function and spontaneous use. Neuroplastic changes included increased activation in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, normalization of somatosensory responses, and structural brain adaptations. Adjunctive therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, or occupational therapy further enhanced outcomes. Conclusion CIMT is an effective intervention that promotes cortical reorganization and improves motor function in children with hemiplegic CP. Customizing rehabilitation based on neurophysiological profiles may optimize clinical outcomes.

Background/Aims: Patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (G3-HCV) cirrhosis are very difficult to treat compared to patients with other HCV genotypes. The optimal treatment duration and drug regimen associated with ribavirin (RBV) remain unclear. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir (DCV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) plus a flat dose of 800 mg RBV (flat dose) compared to DCV/SOF without RBV or DCV/SOF plus an RBV dose based on body weight (weight-based) in G3-HCV patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: We analyzed data for 233 G3 cirrhotic patients. Of these, 70 (30%), 87(37%) and 76 (33%) received SOF/DCV, SOF/DCV/RBV flat dose, and SOF/DCV/RBV weight-based dose, respectively. Treatment duration was 24 weeks. Sustained virological response (SVR) was evaluated at week 12 posttreatment (SVR12). Results: Overall, SVR12 was achieved in 220 out of 233 patients (94.4%). The SVR12 rate was lower in the DCV/SOF group than in the DCV/SOF/RBV flat-dose group and the DCV/SOF/RBV weight-based group (87.1% vs 97.7% and 97.4%, respectively, p=0.007). A higher incidence of anemia occurred in the DCV/SOF/RBV weight-based group compared to those in the other two groups (p<0.007). Conclusions We found that the DCV/SOF/RBV flat-dose regimen is an effective treatment in terms of efficacy and safety in patients with G3-HCV compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. Therefore, antiviral regimens without RBV should be restricted only to naïve patients with G3-HCV compensated cirrhosis who have a clear contraindication for RBV.

An association between malrotation and congenital duodenal webbing is rare. We present our experience with four patients at two centers, and a review of published reports. There are currently 94 reported cases of duodenal pathology associated with malrotation. However, only 15 of the 94 cases (15.9%) include patients with malrotation and a duodenal web. We suggest that nonbilious vomiting in a child must prompt the surgeon to consider duodenal pathology even in the presence of malrotation.
Child* ; Humans ; Pathology ; Vomiting*

No abstract available.
Breast*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resistance to sliding (RS) in self-ligating and conventional ligation bracket systems at 5 different second-order bracket angulations by using low-stiffness alignment wires in a 3-bracket experimental model and to verify the performance of the main RS components in both systems when these wires are used. METHODS: Interactive self-ligating brackets with closed and open slides were used for the self-ligating (SL) and conventional ligation (CL) groups, respectively; elastomeric ligatures (1 mm inner diameter) were used in the latter system. The alignment wire used was 0.014 inch heat-activated NiTi (austenitic finish temperature set at 36degrees C by the manufacturer). A custom-made testing machine was used to measure frictional resistance. Tests were repeated 5 times at every angulation simulated. All data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The RS increased significantly with increasing angulation in both SL and CL groups (p < 0.0001). However, the RS values were significantly higher at every angulation (p < 0.0001) in the CL group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relevance of the binding phenomenon, ligation forces predominantly affect the RS when low-stiffness alignment wires are used.
Elastomers ; Friction ; Ligation ; Models, Theoretical ; Polymers

Abnormal levels of amino acids have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and have also been investigated as a biomarker to monitor antipsychotic treatment, however results have been inconsistent. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence in the literature of whether amino acid levels can be a biomarker and predict the treatment outcome in schizophrenia. The current review does not support amino acid concentration as a useful biomarker for monitoring antipsychotic response in patients with schizophrenia, although there is evidence that high levels of serum homocysteine and glutamate might be considered as a trait marker for schizophrenia. This review has also highlighted a considerable dearth of studies, specifically of studies evaluating antipsychotic side-effects.
Amino Acids ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Glutamic Acid ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Treatment Outcome

The animal time structure is a basic fact of life, no matter if one wants to study it or not. The time- dependent, mostly rhythmic, and thus to a certain degree predictable, variations of biochemical and physiological functions and of sensitivity and resistance to many environmental agents are often quite large and offer not only new insight into animal physiology and pathology but also diagnostic possibilities and therapeutic advantages. Chronobiology, chronophysiology and its subspecialities, like chronopharmacology and chronotherapy, will certainly play an important role in the clinical medicine of the future. Successful application of chronobiology to veterinary clinical medicine, however, depends critically on a thorough knowledge of its basic principles.
Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Humans ; Photoperiod ; Seasons