Introduction: Mongolian traditional medicine classifies individuals according to innate constitutional types determined by the balance of Khi (wind), Shar (bile), and Badgan (phlegm). These constitutional categories are believed to influence both physiological and cognitive characteristics, including memory function. In contrast, contemporary cognitive psychology explains memory performance through mechanisms such as attention, information processing, and memory consolidation. Investigating the relationship between constitutional types and memory performance may provide an integrative framework that bridges traditional medical theory with modern cognitive science. Methods: A total of 244 undergraduate students voluntarily participated in the study. Constitutional types were identified using a questionnaire developed on the basis of the classical text The Four Medical Tantras. Memory performance was assessed in accordance with the Atkinson–Shiffrin model of memory and included measures of comprehension time, comprehension level, and long-term memory retention. Long-term memory retention was evaluated three days after the initial assessment and was expressed as a percentage of retained information.
The findings were interpreted descriptively at an observational level, as inferential statistical analyses were not conducted. Results: Students with a dominant Badgan constitution demonstrated relatively slower comprehension but more stable and higher long-term memory retention. Those with a dominant Shar constitution exhibited faster comprehension and higher immediate understanding, but comparatively lower long-term memory retention.
In contrast, students with a dominant Khi constitution showed greater variability and instability in both comprehension and long-term memory performance. Conclusion The findings suggest that constitutional types may be associated with distinct patterns of comprehension and long-term memory performance. The observed trends appear broadly consistent with theoretical descriptions in Mongolian traditional medicine; however, further studies employing larger sample sizes and rigorous statistical analyses are necessary to confirm and clarify these associations.

Introduction:When a central nervous system disorder (meningitis, encephalitis, hemorrhage, leukemia infltration and other neoplasma) is present, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows various changes that reflected the condition. Therefore it is essential to test CSF. Different types of CSF tests include cell count; cell differentiation; chemistry; immunology; microbiology and molecular biology. CSF cell count and cell differentiation in particular, are crucial in differentiating diagnosing various CNS disorder needing immediate care and in evaluating the treatment. The patient’s prognosis largely depends on how accurate diagnosis was done and how early treatment was provided. There for CSF test require high precision and accuracy. In Mongolia until now 2st and 3st level hospital using manual method for CSF cell count and cell differentiation test. In this test has 2 actual problems, which is depends on the analytical techniques, skills and sample stability specific problem. But in Japan in 2011 newly designed Sysmex XN Series hematology analyser with body fluid mode (CSF,pleural effusion, peritoneal and synovial fluid). On The First Central Hospital of Mongolia In 2013 frst timeinstalled Sysmex XN-2000 hematology analyser andpossible use of body fluid automatic testing methods.Materials and methods:We evaluated the basic assay performance of the body fluid mode on the automated hematology analyzer XN-2000, which is used for analysis of CSF fluid. We compared between the manual method and XN-2000 analysis for nucleated (WBC), mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was also randomly studied using 10 CSF samples of inpatient section our hospital.Results:In CSF samples the coeffcient correlation(r) for WBC/µl, MN%, PMN% were respectively 0.83, 0.95 ба 0.95.Discussion:The correlation for MN%, PMN% were between automate and manual method was good, that is similar to the other researchers. Whereas the correlation for WBC/µl slightly low, this was probably correlation relatively weak or show discrepancies. In introduction inscriptive in analysis accuracy can to affect analytical techniques skills, sample stability and specifc many problems. Therefore scientifc studied and proven ability specifcity, sensitivity, reproducibility, quality, personnel low cost and spend less time, automatically Sysmex XN series hematology analyzer is desirable to domesticate an appropriate level of medical laboratories.

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to examine characteristics of body composition and anthropometric measurements in older Mongolian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 268 individuals aged 45 years and older who visited national hospitals over a period of one month. Body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and other body circumferences, and body composition (body fat percentages, fat-free mass index, skeletal mass index) were measured and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was used to test the physical performance. Results: The sample was composed of 73.7% women and 26.3% men, and the mean age was 58.1±8.9. All measurements were relatively higher than the normal range in older Mongolian adults. Obesity in women was relatively higher than men. 77.1% of all participants were obese according to BMI, 92.5% were obese according to body fat percentage, and 96.2% were centrally obese according to WC. Among people aged 45-64 years, prevalence of obesity increased and then decreased in ages 65-74 years. Age was significantly correlated with WC and the SPPB score was indirectly correlated with age (p<0.05). Conclusion: Obesity in older Mongolian adults is comparatively higher for women and tends to increase with age.

Shoulder pain is the third common areas of musculoskeletal pain. Shoulder pain was originated from pathology which neck and upper thoracic spines and destabilize movement of shoulder girdle. Treatment of chronic shoulder pain was used by acupuncture in recent time. Therefore research studies increased and we made search Medline and found articles on biomechanics of shoulder complaint, when we consolidated articles on biomechanics of shoulder complaint. Then we coordinated results of consolidated articles to theory of the Chinese acupuncture meridians and collaterals. Findings of coordination biomechanics of shoulder complaints to theory of the Chinese acupuncture meridians and collaterals studies to improve diagnostics and acupuncture treatment of shoulder pain.

Shoulder pain is a common complaint in modern societies which affects on functional abilities and quality of life. Long timefor shoulder pain the diagnosis " shoulder joint periarthritis" was explaining all disorders of shoulder. Modern studies of functional anatomy of shoulder area requires new vision of the problem and new attitude of the diagnosis and treatment. In International classification of diseases - 10 there is classification of shoulder disorders in terms of functional anatomy. Later studies of shoulder disorders described it as three groups of disorders as synovial disorders, shoulder girdle disorders and combination diagnosis. There are examination test for identification of shoulder disorder topography. In Mongolia the shoulder pain is not studied enough, there is no guidelines on diagnostics and treatment. Therefore we did this literature review to find out modern tendencies of shoulder disorder diagnostic approaches which could become a basis for shoulder examination guideline.

Introduction: Shoulder pain is quite common complaint worldwide, studied and described in many trials evaluating the effects of different treatment methods. Generally, shoulder complains managed by general practitioners and as a result of these studies many countries developed guidelines for management of shoulder complaints for general practitioners. In Oriental Traditional Medicine shoulder pain syndromes is a part of "Bi" syndromes and explained as quite common syndrome and one of the oldest afflictions. It is classified, as well as other joint complaints, as Complicated diseases, and many textbooks give the explanations on diagnostics and treatments of joint pain. In our days, when Traditional Oriental treatment methods becoming popular for the treatment of the shoulder complains, there is need to compare diagnostic approaches of two Medicines and try to develop integrated methods, which could be used by oriental medical doctors (OMD) as well as medical doctors. Taking into account the popularity of acupuncture for pain management in Mongolia we made a literature review and wanted to develop integrative understanding of the patho-mechanism of shoulder complaints and diagnostic guidelines for OMD. Diagnosis of the shoulder complaints should be done in combination of modern medicine view and theory of Channels and collaterals. Objectives: To develop the chronic shoulder pain diagnostic principles for OMD, basing on 10th international disease classification, diagnostic methods used in GP practice, and theory of Pathogens, Channels and Collaterals, TCM. Methods: We did a literature review on diagnostic methods of chronic shoulder pain in modern medicine and Oriental medicine. By the shoulder pain we mean pain located in the region of deltoid muscle, the acromioclavicular joint, the superior part of the trapezoid muscle and the scapula. We excluded rheumatic disorders, severe traumas, tumors, shoulder complains due to internal and neurological diseases because it needs different treatment principles. In TCM, the joint problems are caused by invasion of Wind, Cold and Dampness into the body, which leads to obstruction or "Bi" syndrome. No doubt, that there are many other factors, such as weakness of defensive energy or insufficient energy of certain organs, but patho-mechanism describes that, pathogenic factors invade the body and obstructs Channels and Collaterals and lead to insufficient flow of Qi and Blood. There are five painful joint "Bi" syndromes such as Wind, Cold, Damp, Heat, and Bony Painful Obstruction Syndrome. Three of them (Cold, Damp, Bony syndromes) could be classified as chronic conditions, so we emphasized out attention on them. From the modern medicine view we take diagnostic groups according to the 10th International disease classification: adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (frosen shoulder)M75, Rotator cuff syndrome M75.1, Bicipital tendinitis M75.2, Calcific tendinitis of shoulder M75.3, Impingement syndrome of shoulder M75.4, Bursitis of shoulder M75.5, Other shoulder lesions M75.8. Shoulder lesion, unspecified M75.9. These diagnosis could include into three general groups of complains, which has different therapeutic principles: 1) Synovial group - consisting of patients with pain and /or limitation of motion in one or more directions of the range of active or passive motion of the glenohumeral joint. This complains originate from disorders of the subacromial structures, the acromioclavicular joint, the glenohumeral joint or combinations. 2) A shoulder girdle group - the pain and limitation of the range of active motion of the glenohumeral joint are not related to synovial structures. Instead, pain or limitation of one or several directions of the range of motion of the cervical spine, upper thoracic spine or the upper ribs is found. 3) Patients with combinations of synovial and shoulder girdle disorders - patients with pain and sometimes with slight limitations in the active or passive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint together with pain or limitation of the range of motion of the cervical, upper thoracic spine and/or the upper ribs. Both the synovial structures and the structures of the cervical spine, the upper thoracic spine and the upper ribs may cause the complains. For the diagnosis of the diseases which cause the shoulder pain, it is recommended to use examination tests developed by Cyriax, and then modernized by Sobel and Winters. It is useful to examine Dowborn test, Howkins' test, drop-arm test, empty-can test, the cross-body adduction test, and the external rotation tests used for diagnosis of shoulder complains. Conclusion: The mechanism of shoulder pain in TCM could be adopted in Modern medicine diagnosis, as well as guidelines' examination items could be adopted in Traditional medicine. Pathological changes in shoulder joint and shoulder girdle could be integrated into the diagnostic items used in Traditional medicine. It will improve the quality of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain.