Gentianopsis barbata (G. barbata) represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China. This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties. Fifty triterpenoids (1-50), including nine previously undescribed compounds (1, 2, 7, 10, 20, 28, 29, 37, and 41) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G. barbata. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton. The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G. barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Protective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Gentianaceae/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

A new naphthaldehyde derivative has been isolated from Comastoma pulmonarium by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel resin and RP-HPLC. This compounds was determined as 5-methoxy-2-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde(1) by NMR, MS, IR and UV spectra. This compound was also evaluated for its anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The result showed that it showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 32.8%. The inhibition rate is close to that of positive control (ningnanmycin).
Aldehydes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Naphthalenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytochemicals ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Mosaic Virus ; drug effects

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma, and Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten, the three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials belonging to the family Gentianaceae, bad been widely used for the treatment of liver diseases. To analyze comparatively the content of swertiamarin and swertisin among these three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials. HPLC method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of swertiamarin and swertisin. The Phenomenex C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used, chromatographic methanol and water as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.5 mL x min(-1) with UV detected at 237 nm, column oven temperature was 25 degrees C. Results showed that the contents of swertiamarin and swertisin were closely related the different species and producing areas. The content range of swertiamarin in L. rotatum from different habitats was 1.73% - 2.72%, 0.43% - 0.96% for the swertisin content; the content of swertiamarin in G. barbata from Alxa Left Banner was 0.38%, and the content of swertiamarin and swertisin in G. barbata from the others habitats and G. Acuta from different habitats were all detected qualitatively. The contents of swertiamarin and swertisin among these medicinal plants showed a significant difference due to the different species and producing areas. As a consequence, these medicinal plants should not be put together for clinical applications.
Apigenin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Gentianella ; chemistry ; classification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; analysis ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Mongolia ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Pyrones ; analysis

To study the identification of Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda with spectroscopy techniques, near infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry techniques were applied to study on the identification of 4 kinds of Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda, and characteristic spectrums obtained were systematically analyzed. In NIR study, the four species of Digeda exist some differences in 4 250-4 400 cm(-1) and 5 650-5 800 cm(-1) of one-dimensional spectra, and show significant differences in 4 100- 4 400 cm(-1), 4 401-4 900 cm(-1) and 5 400-5 800 cm(-1) of the second derivative spectra. DSC curves of them present distinct topological pattern, characteristic peak and peak temperature. Using near infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis can realize efficient and accurate identification of four kinds of Mongolian medicine Digeda, and provide scientific basis for the efficient and accurate identification of other Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; methods ; China ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Lomatogonium carinthiacum (Wulfen) Rchb. METHOD: The CHCl3-soluble fraction was separated by chromatography and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral experiments. RESULTS: Two new xanthones, 1, 8-dihydroxy-4, 5-dimethoxy-6, 7-methylenedioxyxanthone (1), 1, 4, 8-trimethoxyxanthone-6-O-β-D-glucoronyl-(1→6)O-β-D-glucoside (2) were isolated from the whole plant of Lomatogonium carinthiacum. CONCLUSION Compounds 1 and 2 are new natural products.
Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Traditional medicine system of India comprised varieties of plants which are playing a significant role in curing diseases from ancient times. Among them, Enicostemma littorale blume (E. littorale) a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae is cosmopolitan in occurrence in India. The bittery natured plant acts as a laxative, helps in curing fever, rheumatism, skin diseases, abdominal disorders, snake bite, obesity and helps to regulate blood sugar levels. The plant constituents have been reported for possessing antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiinflammatory, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic properties. This review provides a bird's eye view about geographical distribution, physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of E. littorale.
Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; physiology ; India ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant Dispersal ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo determine the chemical constituents of Gentiana rhodantha.

METHODTo isolate the constituents, column chromatography over silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 and C18 reverse-phased silica gel were used. Spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds.

RESULTSixteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as ten phonemic compounds, namely 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxylxanthone (1), rhodanthenone D (2), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxylxanthone (3), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-4,8-dimethoxyxanthone (4), quercetin (5), isoorientin (6), mangiferin (7), norswertianolin (8), gallic acid ethyl ester (9) and salicylic acid (10), and six triterpenes including alpha-amyrin (11), erythrodiol 3-O-palmitate (12), ursolic aldehyde (13), uvaol 3-O-acetyl (14), ursolic acid (15) and 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (16).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 4-6, 8, 10-12, 15 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 and 3 were obtained firstly from the genus Gentiana and compounds 9, 13-14 were firstly from the family Gentianaceae.

Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Dextrans ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Salicylic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Silica Gel ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum process of removing cadmium irons from extracts of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma with gamma-mercaptopropyl-modified silica gel (MPS) and assess its cadmium ion-removing property.

METHODStatic and dynamic adsorptions were adopted to detect the cadmium-removing rate. MPS' cadmium ion-removing property was assessed with such indicators as the cadmium-removing rate, the solid content and the HPLC fingerprint.

RESULTThe process parameters of the static adsorption were as follows: 0.20 g x mL(-1) of concentration of extracts, 120 minutes of adsorption time and 15:1 between raw materials and MPS. The process parameters of the dynamic adsorption were as follows: 1:3.5 times between diameter and height, 0.20 g x mL(-1) of concentration of extracts, 0.9 mL x min(-1) of flow rate of the extracts and 50:1 between raw materials and MPS. Before and after the cadmium ion-removing process, the extracts showed no notable difference in solid content and HPLC fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONgamma-mercaptopropyl-modified silica gel (MPS) can effectively remove cadmium ion from the extracts of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma with an excellent cadmium ion-removing property.

Adsorption ; Cadmium ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Silica Gel ; chemistry

Thirteen compoumds were isolated from the n-BuOH portion of the 70% ethanolic extract of Comastoma pedunculatum by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which nine were triterpenoid saponins and four were flavone C-glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as saikogenin F (1), 3-O-beta-D-fucopyranosylsaikogenin F (2), clinoposaponin XV (3), saikosaponin A (4), 6"-acetylsaikosaponin A (5), clinoposaponin I (6), bupleuroside I (7) , clinoposaponin XII (8) , saikoponin b3 (9), isovitexin (10) , swertisin (11) , isoorientin (12), 3',4',5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-flavone (13). Compounds 1-10, 12-13 were all isolated from Comastoma genus for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavones ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

A novel lactone, tripterospermumcins E (1), along with four known compounds, sweroside (2), loganic acid (3), 8-epi-kingiside (4) and bergenin (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Tripterospermum chinense. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical methods. Compound 1 is rare beta-lactone with a glucoside.
Benzopyrans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Iridoid Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry