Objective:To explore the effects of phloroglucinol on transfer outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods:Retrospective analysis of 4289 cases of infertility patients treated with IVF-ET in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2015 to November 30, 2018 was performed. According to the pregnancy outcome, all patients were divided into pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group to analyze the risk factors affecting the pregnancy outcome. According to medication before transfer, all patients were divided into no medication group (group A), preoperative intravenous infusion of atosiban group (group B), preoperative and intraoperative injection of atosiban group (group C) and interoperative intravenous infusion of phloroglucinol group (group D). The pregnancy outcomes, occurrence of adverse reactions during and after treatment were compared among the four groups.Results:Age, number of high-quality embryos, and medication methods before transfer were independent factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing IVF-ET ( P=0.031, P=0.039, P=0.020). The embryo implantation rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate and the clinical pregnancy rate of group D were significantly higher than those in group A (all P<0.001), group B (all P<0.001) and group C ( P<0.001， P<0.001， P=0.001), while the ectopic pregnancy rate was significantly lower than that in group A, group B and group C (all P<0.001). The abortion rate in group D was lower than that in group A ( P<0.001). During treatment period and after treatment, there were no discomfort complains and allergic reactions in the four groups. There were no birth defects in all born babies. Conclusion:The medication method is an independent factor influencing pregnancy outcomes of patients undergoing IVF-ET. Intraoperative intravenous infusion of phloroglucinol can significantly increase embryo implantation rate and pregnancy rate of IVF-ET patients, and reduce their abortion rate.

Objective:To explore the effects of phloroglucinol on transfer outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods:Retrospective analysis of 4289 cases of infertility patients treated with IVF-ET in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2015 to November 30, 2018 was performed. According to the pregnancy outcome, all patients were divided into pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group to analyze the risk factors affecting the pregnancy outcome. According to medication before transfer, all patients were divided into no medication group (group A), preoperative intravenous infusion of atosiban group (group B), preoperative and intraoperative injection of atosiban group (group C) and interoperative intravenous infusion of phloroglucinol group (group D). The pregnancy outcomes, occurrence of adverse reactions during and after treatment were compared among the four groups.Results:Age, number of high-quality embryos, and medication methods before transfer were independent factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing IVF-ET ( P=0.031, P=0.039, P=0.020). The embryo implantation rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate and the clinical pregnancy rate of group D were significantly higher than those in group A (all P<0.001), group B (all P<0.001) and group C ( P<0.001， P<0.001， P=0.001), while the ectopic pregnancy rate was significantly lower than that in group A, group B and group C (all P<0.001). The abortion rate in group D was lower than that in group A ( P<0.001). During treatment period and after treatment, there were no discomfort complains and allergic reactions in the four groups. There were no birth defects in all born babies. Conclusion:The medication method is an independent factor influencing pregnancy outcomes of patients undergoing IVF-ET. Intraoperative intravenous infusion of phloroglucinol can significantly increase embryo implantation rate and pregnancy rate of IVF-ET patients, and reduce their abortion rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 on the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESC) into more mature insulin-producing cells. Methods HESCs were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells through five stages. Nicotinamide and B27 (group B27), nicotinamide and LY294002 (group LY) were used to induce the nesting positive cells into mature insulin-producing cells. The morphological change of each stage was observed under microscope , and expressions of insulin, c-peptide, somatostatin and glucagon were identified by immunofluorescence staining. Results After 14 days in stage 5 , there was no significant difference in rate of insulin positive cells between group LY and group B27 (P﹥0.05), but rates of somatostatin and glucagon positive cells in group LY were lower than those in group B27(P﹤0.05). Furthermore, the co-stained rate of somatostatin and insulin in group LY was also lower than that in group B27 (P﹤0.05). Conclusion HESCs can be induced to differentiate into more mature insulin-producing cells by phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 in serum-free culture medium.

To investigate the influences of sperm quality on the zygotes and embryos development,as the role of the paternal factor in early human embryogenesis is gaining more attention because of the application of techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of men infertility, 136 infertility couples with men factors (Group Ⅰ ) were included from May 2002 to January 2004. One hundred and seventy two infertility couples with tube factors (Group Ⅱ ) served as controls. The sperm parameters, gemmates and embryos quality, implantation rate and pregnant rate in both groups were analyzed. It was found that there was no significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred between two groups. Sperm concentration, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of sperm with normal morphology were significantly lower in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ (P＜0.01). The proportion of good quality zygotes and good quality embryos were significantly lower in the male infertility group than in the tubal disease group (P＜0.05). Implantation rate and pregnancy rate were similar in two groups. It was concluded that spermatozoa is involved in the embryo quality, even in the early stages of development, which limited the treatment potency of IVF procedure.

To investigate the influences of sperm quality on the zygotes and embryos development, as the role of the paternal factor in early human embryogenesis is gaining more attention because of the application of techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of men infertility. 136 infertility couples with men factors (Group I ) were included from May 2002 to January 2001. One hundred and seventy-two infertility couples with tube factors (Group II) served as controls. The sperm parameters, gemmates and embryos quality, implantation rate and pregnant rate in both groups were analyzed. It was found that there was no significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred between two groups. Sperm concentration, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of sperm with normal morphology were significantly lower in group I than in group II (P < 0.01). The proportion of good quality zygotes and good quality embryos were significantly lower in the male infertility group than in the tubal disease group (P < 0.05). Implantation rate and pregnancy rate were similar in two groups. It was concluded that spermatozoa is involved in the embryo quality, even in the early stages of development, which limited the treatment potency of IVF procedure.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Infertility, Male ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Sperm Motility/*physiology ; *Spermatozoa/cytology ; *Spermatozoa/physiology