Objective To assess the impact of cytokines on pulmonary arterial hypertension using a bi-directional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods The data for 41 cytokines were derived from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)dataset consisting of 8,293 individuals of European descent,and the genetic data for pulmonary arterial hypertension were obtained from a GWAS dataset comprising 11,744 indi-viduals of European descent;the potential impact of cytokines on pulmonary arterial hypertension was ex-plored using MR analysis.Results The inverse variance weighted(IVW)analysis revealed a potential causal relationship between IL-9 and pulmonary arterial hypertension(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.50 to 0.78,P<0.001),and a potential causal relationship between β-NGF and pulmonary arterial hypertension(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.01 to 1.79,P=0.049).Multivariable MR analysis demonstrated an association between IL-9 and pulmonary arterial hypertension(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.44 to 0.72,P<0.001),as well as between β-NGF and pulmonary arterial hypertension(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.10 to 1.97,P=0.009).Conclusion Elevated IL-9 levels may be causally associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension,while increased β-NGF levels may elevate the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation ship of obesity with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes and to find characteristics of the prevalence. MethodsFrom different BMI groups,2,090 cases aged 60-86 years were randomly collected according to the medical and health information.Hypertension and diabetes were diagnosed by WHO international diagnostic criteria.ResultsIn hypertension group (976 cases), average body mass index (BMI), pulse pressure ( PP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) showed significant difference compared with non-hypertention group (1114 cases) (all P＜0.01)[(26.32±3.66)kg/m2 , (16.28±13.21 )mm Hg, (4.78±1.23) mmol/L, (1.79±1.36) mmol/L, (5.61±1.37) mmol/L vs. (25.28± 3.36) kg/m2, ( 11.37 ± 9.39) mm Hg, (4.54 ± 1.23 ) mmol/L, ( 1.52 ± 1.12) mmol/L, ( 4.28 ±2.12)mmol/L].In diabetes group (272 cases), average BMI, PP, TC, TG and FBG showed significant difference as compared with non-diabetes group (1818 cases)(all P＜0.01)[(26. 29±3.24)kg/m2 , (82.43± 10.22) mm Hg, (18.77±10.11) mm Hg, (4.85±2.05) mmol/L, (1.76± 1.76)mmol/L vs. (24.13±3.42) kg/m2 , (80.38±6.87) mm Hg, (12.26±9.56) mm Hg, (4.36± 1.21)mmol/L, (1.52± 1.21) mmol/L]. In normal blood lipids group, BMI, PP, and FBG were found significant differences compared with high TC or TG group (all P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe increase of body mass index in the elderly has a close relationship with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. It is important to prevent obesity in the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes.

OBJECTIVETo approach the sequential release of antitumor drugs and promote the effect of chemotherapy.

METHODSAdriamycin (ADM) and carboplatin (CBP) were respectively microcapsulated with ethylcellulose by organic phase separation. The morphology and sizes of the microcapsules were observed and measured with light microscope and scanning electromicroscope. The contents and the release rates of ADM and CBP in microcapsules were measured with fluorescence spectrophotometer and high-efficiency phantom chromatic (HPC) spectrum respectively. The antitumor sensitivity test in vitro was devised with MTT assay.

RESULTSThe microcapsules of ADM and CBP were spherical in shape with diameters of 196 +/- 64 micro m and 214 +/- 48 micro m respectively. The contents of one-layer and two-layer CBP and ADM microcapsules were 51.4%, 35.7% and 39.8% respectively, with the release rates in vitro of 62.4%/day, 54.8%/day and 48.2%/8 h. The results of drug sensitivity test in vitro demonstrated that the current preparation has never affected the stability and antitumor activity of CBP and ADM.

CONCLUSIONMicrocapsules with different drugs and different thickness of material have different release rate. Combined arterial chemoembolization with different microcapsules could approach the sequential release and promote the effect of chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Tumor Cells, Cultured