In order to support the implementation of the Opinions on Improving the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry and fundamentally promote the high-quality development of Chinese materia medica(CMM) industry, this article analyzed the quality and safety issues arising during the transition of CMM from wild harvesting to cultivation. Root causes of these issues were identified, including changes in the habitats of medicinal plants caused by inappropriate field cultivation patterns, excessive use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, and shortened cultivation periods due to rising economic costs. To address the above issues, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to advance the high-quality development of CMM:(1) comprehensively adjust the cultivation patterns, vigorously promote ecological cultivation of CMM, and ensure production quality and safety of CMM from the source;(2) strengthen the breeding of high-quality, stress-resistant CMM varieties, improve cultivation techniques to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and improve the quality and efficiency of ecological cultivation of CMM;(3) systematically design the production, operation, and supervision models for ecological cultivation of CMM, carry out demonstrations of "high quality with fair price", and ensure the sustainable development of ecological cultivation of CMM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; China ; Fertilizers/analysis* ; Materia Medica/standards* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards*

BACKGROUND:The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5(ERK5)signaling protein is essential for the survival of organisms,and resveratrol can promote osteoblast proliferation through various pathways.However,whether resveratrol can regulate osteoblast function through the ERK5 signaling protein needs further verification. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effect of ERK5 on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and related secreted proteins,and to further verify whether resveratrol can complete the above process by activating ERK5. METHODS:Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were treated with complete culture medium,XMD8-92(an ERK5 inhibitor),epidermal growth factor(an ERK5 activator),resveratrol alone,XMD8-92+EGF,and resveratrol+XMD8-92,respectively.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ERK5 and p-ERK5 proteins,proliferation-related proteins Cyclin D1,CDK4 and PCNA,and osteoblast-secreted proteins osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in MC3T3-E1 cells of each group.The fluorescence intensity of ERK5,osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in each group was detected by cell immunofluorescence staining,and cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining,respectively.The appropriate concentration and time of resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by cell morphology observation and cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The activation of ERK5 signaling protein could effectively promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells,up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio.The appropriate concentration and time for resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells was 5 μmol/L and 24 hours,respectively.Resveratrol could activate ERK5 signaling protein,thereby promoting osteoblast proliferation and up-regulating the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio.All these results indicate that resveratrol can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio by activating the ERK5 signaling protein.

AIM To establish the near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative models for moisture,23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.METHODS The near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 95 batches of decoction pieces,after which drying method was adopted in the content determination of moisture,HPLC was applied to determining the contents of 23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C,the quantitative models were established by partial least squares method combined with feature extraction algorithms.RESULTS The model training determination coefficients were 0.952 6,0.958 1 and 0.920 8,along with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.930 0,0.905 2 and 0.906 4,the residual prediction deviations(PRD)of 4.00,3.58 and 3.46,and the root mean square error ratios of prediction values to calibration values(RMSEP/RMSEC)of 1.15,1.11 and 1.06,respectively.CONCLUSION The quantitative models based on NIRS exhibit good prediction effects,which can be used for the rapid quality detection of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.

AIM To establish the near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative models for moisture,23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.METHODS The near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 95 batches of decoction pieces,after which drying method was adopted in the content determination of moisture,HPLC was applied to determining the contents of 23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C,the quantitative models were established by partial least squares method combined with feature extraction algorithms.RESULTS The model training determination coefficients were 0.952 6,0.958 1 and 0.920 8,along with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.930 0,0.905 2 and 0.906 4,the residual prediction deviations(PRD)of 4.00,3.58 and 3.46,and the root mean square error ratios of prediction values to calibration values(RMSEP/RMSEC)of 1.15,1.11 and 1.06,respectively.CONCLUSION The quantitative models based on NIRS exhibit good prediction effects,which can be used for the rapid quality detection of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.

BACKGROUND:Fluid shear stress plays an important role in osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.However,whether Caveolin-1 is involved in the process of fluid shear stress-induced proliferation and apoptosis in osteoblasts is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of Caveolin-1 in fluid shear stress-regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS:The MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in good growth status were selected and loaded with fluid shear stress at an intensity of 1.2 Pa for different times(0,30,60,90 minutes).The expression of Caveolin-1 protein was observed and conditions with a time of 60 minutes were screened for the experiment.MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control group,fluid shear stress group,fluid shear stress+pcDNA 3.1 group(control),fluid shear stress+pcDNA Cav-1 group(plasmid overexpression),and intervened with fluid shear stress and overexpression of Cav-1,respectively.The expression of molecules related to proliferation and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot.In addition,the proliferative activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 and EdU assay;and cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of Caveolin-1 in MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly down-regulated after loading fluid shear stress,and the expression level was lowest after 60 minutes.Overexpression of Caveolin-1 attenuated the proliferation-promoting and apoptosis-suppressing effects of fluid shear stress in MC3T3-E1 cells.In conclusion,Caveolin-1 has a vital role in fluid shear stress-regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis,which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.

By referring to the materials of ancient materia medica， prescriptions and medical books， combining with modern literature， this paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in famous classical formulas， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be seen that Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix is the correct name in all dynasties， but it still has many aliases. The main strain of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix was Ligusticum sinense and L. jeholense， in addition， there are also L. tenuissimum， Sinodielsia yunnanensis， and Conioselinum vaginatum， L. sinense var. hupehense used in different regions. Since modern times， the textual examination of its scientific name is more complicated. Different foreign scholars have given many scientific names from their local observation， but most of them do not match the actual situation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in ancient China. It is probably because they did not collect the original plants of Chinese Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix and conduct accurate identification. After the founding of the People's Republic of China， the L. sinense and L. jeholense was identified as the original plants through systematic investigation and arrangement of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix. Since modern times， L. sinense is distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and the south of the region， a small amount of production in Sichuan， Hubei， Hunan and Jiangxi. L. jeholense is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north of the region， mostly produced in Liaoning and Hebei. The ancient harvesting period of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix was concentrated in January and February according to the lunar calendar with thick roots， dry， fragrant， heavy quality as the best. But now the collection of roots and rhizome more than concentrated in spring before seedling emergence and autumn when leaves were gone， and take the large， dry， yellow， strong， fragrant， less roots， residual short as the best. In the past dynasties， raw products were the main processing methods， and there were also roasting， grinding and so on. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the raw roots and rhizomes of L. sinense and L. jeholense should be used in the development of famous classical formulas.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using single half tunnel, double half curved tunnel and suture anchor fixation in the treatment of patellar dislocation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 58 patients with patellar dislocation treated in Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from June 2018 to February 2021, including 22 males and 36 females, aged 12-34 years [(19.6±5.5)years]. MPFL reconstruction was performed arthroscopically using single half tunnel fixation in 20 patients (single half tunnel group), double half curved tunnel fixation in 18 (double half curved tunnel group) and suture anchor fixation in 20 (suture anchor group). The Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Tegner activity score were compared among groups before operation, at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up. The knee range of motion was compared among the three groups at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up. The postoperative complications of the three groups were observed at the last follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 9-39 months [(26.5±9.1)months]. In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the Lysholm score was (78.4±12.0)points, (88.7±7.5)points and (81.1±9.8)points at 3 months after operation, and (80.4±14.2)points, (90.9±9.0)points and (83.3±9.1)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative Lysholm score in all groups was significantly increased from that preoperatively (all P<0.01). The Lysholm score in double half curved tunnel group was significantly higher than that in other two groups at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between other groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the IKDC score was (76.7±12.2)points, (78.4±8.9)points and (81.0±8.1)points at 3 months after operation, and (77.6±15.8)points, (83.2±7.8)points and (82.4±12.4)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative IKDC score in all groups was significantly increased from that preoperatively (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference among the three groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the Tegner score was (4.0±1.2)points, (5.4±1.7)points and (5.3±1.7)points at 3 months after operation, and (4.1±1.4)points, (5.8±1.8)points and (5.3±2.2)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative Tegner score in all groups was significantly improved from that preoperatively (all P<0.01). The Tegner score in single half tunnel group was significantly lower than that in other two groups at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between other groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the knee range of motion was (122.3±6.4)°, (121.7±7.1)° and (123.3±5.7)° at the last follow-up, which were significantly increased from (117.3±8.0)°, (115.3±7.9)° and (116.8±8.3)° at 3 months after operation (all P<0.05), with no significant difference among the three groups (all P>0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 10.0% (2/20) in single half tunnel group, 5.6% (1/18) in double half curved tunnel group, and 25.0% (5/20) in suture anchor group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For patellar dislocation, MPFL reconstruction using single half tunnel, double half curve tunnel and suture anchor fixation have achieved satisfactory improvement of knee range of motion, but knee functional recovery is much better after double half curved tunnel fixation.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the CPC and the government have highligh-ted the development of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and issued a series of policies, such as the Plan for Protection and Deve-lopment of Chinese Medicinal Materials(2015-2020) forwarded by the General Office of the State Council in 2015, the Plan for Healthy Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2015-2020) released by the General Office of the State Council in the same year, the Healthy China 2030 Plan published by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2016, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine which took effect on July 2017, On the Preservation and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine promulgated by CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2019, and Plan for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period of China released by the General Office of the State Council in March 2022, to promote the development of the TCM industry, which have brought historical opportunities to the TCM industry. However, TCM industry faces various challenges in the development. In terms of drug development in TCM, the current studies mainly focused on the chemical research and technical requests, which neglected TCM characteristics and cased in conformity between new drug transformation of TCM and clinical practice. Therefore, a more considerable and profound authoritative guideline is needed, and innovative thought and research are necessary for academics and the industry. Through the investigation of the development TCM industry in recent years, this study summarized the policies on and trends of Chinese medicinal materials, new drug development in TCM, catalogue of national basic drugs, and national basic health insurance, and proposed suggestions for further development of TCM industry.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Industry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Policy

It is the core of the development for Chinese patent medicine enterprises to cultivate large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the selection of potential "seed" products is the prerequisite for the cultivation strategy. By constructing the evaluation model from multiple dimensions of value and risk, we can conduct specialized evaluation of Chinese patent medicines to effectively, professionally and objectively select the "seed" products with large variety cultivation potential. In this paper, the establishment of a multidimensional evaluation system would be discussed from the aspects of drug naming and prescription composition, safety risk and supply guarantee of raw materials and medicinal materials, competition situation, access to policy catalogue, scientific and technological support, clinical evidence and recognition, systematical and standardized collection of information on product instructions, quality standards, policy catalogue, scientific and technological literature, market competition and clinical application of Chinese patent medicines. Through the objective evaluation index and the range of objective index, the multi-dimensional evaluation model on values and risks of Chinese patent medicine products was discussed. Based on this model, a batch of Chinese patent medicine products can be quickly and comprehensively analyzed, and quantitative comparison can be formed among different types and fields of products. According to the evaluation results of the model and the comprehensive evaluation of experts, high-quality "seed" products can be selec-ted, laying a solid foundation for the next step of large variety cultivation. With use of this model, we can further clarify the external competitive advantages and internal priority levels of each product, and provide support for enterprises to optimize product structure and improve product strategic layout.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects* ; Quality Control

BACKGROUND: Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.