BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have found that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of motor system diseases,but there are few studies and reviews on pyroptosis in motor system diseases.OBJECTIVE:To review the current clinical and preclinical studies,summarize the role of pyroptosis in motor system diseases and related molecular mechanisms,and provide reference for the pyroptosis-targeted treatment for motor system diseases in the future.METHODS:The relevant literatures in PubMed and CNKI database were searched by computer from January 2000 to January 2024.The English search terms were"pyroptosis,tendons,ligaments,cartilage,muscles,bones"and the Chinese search terms were"pyroptosis,tendon,ligament,cartilage,skeletal muscle,bone"in Chinese.A combination of subject terms and free search terms was used.There were a total of 422 documents,including 334 in English and 88 in Chinese.After excluding duplicate literature and irrelevant literature,the literature without inclusion value was further excluded by reading the whole paper,and finally 78 documents were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different pathways of pyroptosis and subsequent inflammatory responses can affect the progression of motor system diseases and the repair process of injuries.Excessive pyroptosis can not only cause a large number of tissue cells to die,but also aggravate tissue inflammation and degrade the extracellular matrix through substances such as inflammatory factors released after cell lysis,and damaging related molecular patterns can act as upstream signals to further aggravate pyroptosis.Current methods for preventing and treating motor system diseases mainly include NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 inhibitors,Chinese herbal extracts,exosome therapy,mesenchymal stem cell therapy,and exercise therapy.The review suggests that targeted intervention of some key factors in the process of pyroptosis may be a new direction for the treatment and prevention of motor system diseases.

Chronic pain causes physical suffering and can have major psychological impacts in patients.Chronic pain can induce depressive disorder,and clinical studies have consistently shown that chronic pain and depression frequently co-occur,suggesting the possibility of shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying these conditions.Acupuncture,as an alternative therapy,has been widely used for analgesia and to treat depression,with demonstrated clinical efficacy.The therapeutic mechanism of acupuncture is related to neural and endocrine regulation.This review considers the mechanism of chronic pain accompanied by depression,in relation to the brain regions and neural circuits affected by acupuncture treatment.This review provides a new approach for the treatment of depression caused by chronic pain.

Anxiety is a major emotional disorder manifested in the individual's expectation of future threats.The incidence rate of anxiety is about 7.3％,with the highest lifetime prevalence rate among mental health conditions.The mechanism of anxiety overlaps with depression,and anxiety is a typical symptom of various mental diseases or emotional disorders in traditional Chinese medicine.The high rates of comorbidity and disability pose serious threats to people's health.Animal models are important tools for studying anxiety and are of great use for deciphering the pathogenesis of anxiety and for developing drugs.The traditional paradigm of stress-induced anxiety,however,is relatively limited.Based on traditional theory combined with clinical and animal experimental data,we propose a new hypothesis of"insufficiency of ZhiYi'causing anxiety,defined as"an anxiety state induced by the inability of an individual to meet their own needs,limited or lacking after multiple attempts,rendered hindered and powerless by an inability to meet their desires".This hypothesis is more in line with the typical manifestations of despair,lack of pleasure,and social withdrawal in clinical patients,and is supported by traditional theory and experimental data showing"hunger but unable to eat,food but unable to obtain,and gain but not full".Based on this,the established modeling paradigm is easy to apply,with good repeatability and low cost,and can be used to establish anxiety models in rats and mice,to provide a theoretical and model basis for the development and pharmacological evaluation of anti-anxiety drugs.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine combinations for the treatment of pulmonary nodules in national patents using data mining and network pharmacology methods,providing a reference for the clinical treat-ment of pulmonary nodules.METHODS Patent data on traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for the treatment of pul-monary nodules were collected from the China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Inquiry System and the China Na-tional Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)patent database.Formula statistics were performed using Excel software.The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform was used to conduct high-frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine including frequency,properties and flavors,meridian tropism,efficacy categories,association rules,clustering,complex network analysis to screen out core drugs.Network pharmacology was then used to predict potential targets and pathways in patent prescriptions for the treatment of pulmo-nary nodules.RESULTS A total of 67 valid patents for the treatment of pulmonary nodules were included,involving 276 traditional Chinese medicines,with a cumulative total frequency of 859.The top five traditional Chinese medicines in terms of frequency of use were Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Astragalus membranaceus,Pinellia ternate,Curcuma zedoary and Hedyotis diffusa.These traditional Chinese medicines were primarily sweet and warm in property,primarily targeting the lung,liver,and spleen meridians,and their main effects were clearing heat,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,and promoting diuresis and reducing swelling.Association a-nalysis revealed that the top drug pairs were Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi-Pinellia ternate,Fagopyrum cymosum-Pinellia ternate,Ra-nunculus ternatus-Curcuma zedoary,Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Glycyrrhiza ura-lensis Fisch.Cluster analysis identified three drug combinations,and complex network analysis demonstrated that the core drug compo-nents were Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,Pinellia ternate,Astragalus membranaceus,Curcuma zedoary,Fritillaria thunbergii,Fago-pyrum dibotryis,Hedyotis diffusa and Ranunculus ternatus.Network pharmacology analysis showed that the key targets for the treat-ment of lung nodules with patent prescriptions were GAPDH,IL6,TNF and so on.The core active ingredients were Baicalein,Moslosooflavone,and Norwogonin and so on.The main pathways involved were cancer pathways,lipids and arteriosclerosis,and viral carcinogenesis.CONCLUSION The inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine compound patent in this case is consistent with the eti-ology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine for treating lung nodules.Commonly used drug pairs and cluster prescriptions re-flect the flexible compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of pulmonary nodules,such as clearing away heat and toxic materials,resolving phlegm and eliminating swelling,regulating qi and strengthening spleen,promoting blood circulation and remo-ving blood stasis.The core drugs exert their effects on pulmonary nodules through multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine combinations for the treatment of pulmonary nodules in national patents using data mining and network pharmacology methods,providing a reference for the clinical treat-ment of pulmonary nodules.METHODS Patent data on traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for the treatment of pul-monary nodules were collected from the China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Inquiry System and the China Na-tional Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)patent database.Formula statistics were performed using Excel software.The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform was used to conduct high-frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine including frequency,properties and flavors,meridian tropism,efficacy categories,association rules,clustering,complex network analysis to screen out core drugs.Network pharmacology was then used to predict potential targets and pathways in patent prescriptions for the treatment of pulmo-nary nodules.RESULTS A total of 67 valid patents for the treatment of pulmonary nodules were included,involving 276 traditional Chinese medicines,with a cumulative total frequency of 859.The top five traditional Chinese medicines in terms of frequency of use were Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Astragalus membranaceus,Pinellia ternate,Curcuma zedoary and Hedyotis diffusa.These traditional Chinese medicines were primarily sweet and warm in property,primarily targeting the lung,liver,and spleen meridians,and their main effects were clearing heat,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,and promoting diuresis and reducing swelling.Association a-nalysis revealed that the top drug pairs were Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi-Pinellia ternate,Fagopyrum cymosum-Pinellia ternate,Ra-nunculus ternatus-Curcuma zedoary,Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Glycyrrhiza ura-lensis Fisch.Cluster analysis identified three drug combinations,and complex network analysis demonstrated that the core drug compo-nents were Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,Pinellia ternate,Astragalus membranaceus,Curcuma zedoary,Fritillaria thunbergii,Fago-pyrum dibotryis,Hedyotis diffusa and Ranunculus ternatus.Network pharmacology analysis showed that the key targets for the treat-ment of lung nodules with patent prescriptions were GAPDH,IL6,TNF and so on.The core active ingredients were Baicalein,Moslosooflavone,and Norwogonin and so on.The main pathways involved were cancer pathways,lipids and arteriosclerosis,and viral carcinogenesis.CONCLUSION The inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine compound patent in this case is consistent with the eti-ology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine for treating lung nodules.Commonly used drug pairs and cluster prescriptions re-flect the flexible compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of pulmonary nodules,such as clearing away heat and toxic materials,resolving phlegm and eliminating swelling,regulating qi and strengthening spleen,promoting blood circulation and remo-ving blood stasis.The core drugs exert their effects on pulmonary nodules through multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways.

Anxiety is a major emotional disorder manifested in the individual's expectation of future threats.The incidence rate of anxiety is about 7.3％,with the highest lifetime prevalence rate among mental health conditions.The mechanism of anxiety overlaps with depression,and anxiety is a typical symptom of various mental diseases or emotional disorders in traditional Chinese medicine.The high rates of comorbidity and disability pose serious threats to people's health.Animal models are important tools for studying anxiety and are of great use for deciphering the pathogenesis of anxiety and for developing drugs.The traditional paradigm of stress-induced anxiety,however,is relatively limited.Based on traditional theory combined with clinical and animal experimental data,we propose a new hypothesis of"insufficiency of ZhiYi'causing anxiety,defined as"an anxiety state induced by the inability of an individual to meet their own needs,limited or lacking after multiple attempts,rendered hindered and powerless by an inability to meet their desires".This hypothesis is more in line with the typical manifestations of despair,lack of pleasure,and social withdrawal in clinical patients,and is supported by traditional theory and experimental data showing"hunger but unable to eat,food but unable to obtain,and gain but not full".Based on this,the established modeling paradigm is easy to apply,with good repeatability and low cost,and can be used to establish anxiety models in rats and mice,to provide a theoretical and model basis for the development and pharmacological evaluation of anti-anxiety drugs.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

In order to support the implementation of the Opinions on Improving the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry and fundamentally promote the high-quality development of Chinese materia medica(CMM) industry, this article analyzed the quality and safety issues arising during the transition of CMM from wild harvesting to cultivation. Root causes of these issues were identified, including changes in the habitats of medicinal plants caused by inappropriate field cultivation patterns, excessive use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, and shortened cultivation periods due to rising economic costs. To address the above issues, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to advance the high-quality development of CMM:(1) comprehensively adjust the cultivation patterns, vigorously promote ecological cultivation of CMM, and ensure production quality and safety of CMM from the source;(2) strengthen the breeding of high-quality, stress-resistant CMM varieties, improve cultivation techniques to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and improve the quality and efficiency of ecological cultivation of CMM;(3) systematically design the production, operation, and supervision models for ecological cultivation of CMM, carry out demonstrations of "high quality with fair price", and ensure the sustainable development of ecological cultivation of CMM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; China ; Fertilizers/analysis* ; Materia Medica/standards* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards*

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a rare and recurrent autoinflammatory disease, imposes a substantial burden on patients and society. Awareness of GPP in China remains limited. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey, conducted between September 2021 and May 2023 across 14 hospitals in China, included GPP patients of all ages and disease phases. Data collected encompassed demographics, clinical characteristics, economic impact, disease severity, quality of life, and treatment-related complications. Risk factors for GPP recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 127 patients (female/male ratio = 1.35:1), the mean age of disease onset was 25 years (1st quartile [Q1]-3rd quartile [Q3]: 11-44 years); 29.2% had experienced GPP for more than 10 years. Recurrence occurred in 75.6% of patients, and nearly half reported no identifiable triggers. Younger age at disease onset ( P  = 0.021) and transitioning to plaque psoriasis ( P  = 0.022) were associated with higher recurrence rates. The median diagnostic delay was 8 months (Q1-Q3: 2-41 months), and 32.3% of patients reported misdiagnoses. Comorbidities were present in 53.5% of patients, whereas 51.1% experienced systemic complications during treatment. Depression and anxiety affected 84.5% and 95.6% of patients, respectively. During GPP flares, the median Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 19.0 (Q1-Q3: 13.0-23.5). This score showed significant differences between patients with and without systemic symptoms; it demonstrated correlations with both depression and anxiety scores. Treatment costs caused financial hardship in 55.9% of patients, underscoring the burden associated with GPP. CONCLUSIONS The substantial disease and economic burdens among Chinese GPP patients warrant increased attention. Patients with early onset disease and those transitioning to plaque psoriasis require targeted interventions to mitigate the high recurrence risk.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; East Asian People

Objective To develop a predictive model for postoperative mortality risk in patients with acute aortic dissection(AAD)using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm combined with Shapley Additive Explanation(SHAP),and to establish a prediction website to serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic support platform for clinicians and patients.Methods A retrospective cohort study design was adopted.Data from 782 AAD patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2013 to December 2023 were collected,including basic information and initial serum biomarker test results.Patients were randomly divided into training and test sets at a 7:3 ratio.An external validation set consisting of 313 AAD patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 was also established for further model validation.Variables were screened using LASSO regression,and an XGBoost machine learning model was constructed and interpreted using SHAP.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Using the Shiny package,the XGBoost model was deployed to shinyapps.io to create a prediction website for postoperative mortality risk in AAD patients.One patient was selected by simple random sampling from the test set and the external validation set respectively for the prediction example on the Shiny webpage.Results The XGBoost model demonstrated high predictive performance for postoperative mortality in AAD patients,with area under the ROC curve(AUC)values of 0.928(95%CI 0.901-0.956)in the training set,0.919(95%CI 0.891-0.949)in the test set,and 0.941(95%CI 0.915-0.967)in the external validation set.SHAP values indicated the following order of variable importance in the model(from highest to lowest):"lactate dehydrogenase""blood chlorine""multiple organ injury""carbon dioxide combining power""prothrombin time""α-hydroxybutyric acid""creatine kinase isoenzyme""Stanford classification""combined use of bedside blood purification""gender""acute kidney injury""gastrointestinal bleeding""brain injury"and"shock".A risk prediction website for adverse postoperative outcomes in AAD patients was developed using XGBoost-SHAP method(https://dun-dunxiaolu.shinyapps.io/document/)and validated with examples.One randomly selected patient from each of the test and external validation sets was applied:the predicted mortality risk value for patient 1(who died postoperatively)was 0.9539,and that for patient 2(who survived postoperatively)was 0.0206.Conclusions The XGBoost-SHAP model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting postoperative mortality risk for AAD patients.The online prediction tool established based on this model enhances the identification efficiency of high-risk postoperative mortality patients.