Objective To obtain the protective performance parameters of barium sulfate mortar against positron nuclide γ-rays, provide reference data for precise shielding calculations, and guide the design, evaluation, and construction of radiation shielding. Methods The FLUKA program was used to build a model for simulating the dose equivalent rate variation around points of interest under the irradiation of the most commonly used positron nuclide ¹⁸F with changes in the thicknesses of lead and barium sulfate mortar. The transmission curves of lead and barium sulfate mortar were fitted, and the half-value layer (HVL) and lead equivalence of barium sulfate mortar were calculated based on the fitted curves. Results The ambient dose equivalent rate coefficient of positron nuclide ¹⁸F was 1.339 4×10⁻¹ μSv·m²/MBq·h and the HVL for lead was 4.037 mm, with deviations of 0.043% and 1.53% compared to the values provided in the AAPM Report No. 108, respectively. The HVLs for γ-rays produced by ¹⁸F, using barium sulfate mortar with apparent densities of 4.20, 4.00, and 3.90 g/cm³ mixed with 35.2-grade cement in a 4∶1 mass ratio, were 2.914, 2.969, and 3.079 cm, respectively. The lead equivalences were 0.1385, 0.1360, and 0.1311 mmPb/mm, respectively. Conclusion The three types of barium sulfate mortar can provide good protection against γ-rays in positron imaging locations. As the apparent density of barium sulfate increases, its protective effect improves slightly but remains significantly better than common construction materials like concrete and solid bricks.

Objective: To explore the core features of trait aggression in children and adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for behavioral interventions targeting the central psychological characteristics of aggression in children and adolescents. Methods: From March to May 2020, a simple random convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 39 165 students from grades 4 to 12 in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Shandong. Data were collected via online questionnaires, with all participants completing the Chinese Version of the Aggression Questionnaire. Psychometric network analysis was utilized for data processing. Results: Trait aggression among Chinese children and adolescents was at a moderately low level. The core nodes of the network structure included physical aggression [if someone intentionally causes trouble for me, I will hit them severely (AGG6); if someone hits me, I will retaliate (AGG11)] and self aggression [When I am very irritable, I think of hurting myself (AGG5); when I am in a bad mood, I engage in behaviors that harm my health, such as overeating (AGG25)]. Across grade levels, core nodes primarily originated from the anger dimension [When I m angry, I feel like a powder magazine that could explode at any moment (AGG13); I can t control my temper (AGG18); I am prone to getting angry when I see things that are not pleasing to the eye (AGG23); I will get angry for no reason (AGG27)]. Except for grades 7 and 9, core nodes in other grades included the verbal aggression dimension [I am prone to arguments with people (AGG22)]. Before grade 8, core nodes incorporated the self aggression dimension (AGG 5, AGG 25); after grade 8, core nodes included the physical aggression dimension [AGG 6, AGG 11, I fight slightly more than others (AGG16), and if people around me make things difficult for me to a certain extent, I will fight with them (AGG26)]. No statistically significant differences were found in the trait aggression network structures across grades, genders, or within gender comparisons of different grades. Conclusion These findings broaden our understanding of aggression in children and adolescents, suggesting that behavioral interventions can effectively reduce aggressive behaviors in this population.

Objective:To investigatethe heterogeneity of career growth recognition amongphysicians at the stage of standardized training and the growth characteristics of clinical physicians in the early stage, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of standardized training.Methods:The trainees who received standardized residency trainingwere randomly selected from three grade A tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China. Mplus7.4 was used for latent profile analysis to explain the relationship between explicit continuous indicators, and the subtypes of career growth recognition were analyzed.Results:Career growth recognition at the stage of standardized training was classifiedinto three subtypes of all-round growth recognition, high resource and expectation recognition, and unclassified growth recognition, among which the subtype of unclassified growth recognition accounted for the highest percentage of 40.27% (207 trainees).Conclusions:Physicians at the stage of standardized training show obvious uncertainty aboutcareer growth recognition, and it is necessary to strengthen the education on career growth recognition during standardized training and design a development pathway based on the characteristics of career growth recognition.

Chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is the main cause of the disease burden of viral hepatitis worldwide， and meanwhile， due to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits， the incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is constantly increasing， making MAFLD the leading chronic liver disease around the world. Chronic HBV infection comorbid with MAFLD is becoming more and more common in clinical practice. Metabolic factors， rather than viral factors， are the main cause of chronic HBV infection comorbid with MAFLD. During disease progression， steatohepatitis and fibrosis， rather than steatosis， are the main influencing factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. For patients with chronic HBV infection and MAFLD， integrated management of virus and metabolic factors is of great importance. This article reviews the tissues regarding the interaction， prognosis， and clinical management of chronic HBV infection and MAFLD.

In June 2024,the European Association for the Study of the Liver,the European Association for the Study of Diabetes,and the European Association for the Study of Obesity jointly released the latest edition of clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),which comprehensively elaborates on the definition,prevalence rate,natural disease history,screening,diagnosis,and treatment of MASLD and proposes 33 statements and 72 recommendations.This article gives an excerpt of the key points in this document.

To implement the strategy of healthy China and promote the construction of "new medicine science", it is urgent to focus on new needs and challenges to advance the reform of medical education curricula in China. Using literature research methods, we summarize the process of modern medical education curriculum reforms in the United States, and discuss the main features of the third-round reforms—introducing the concept of value-based medicine, offering health systems science courses, and promoting the curriculum system reform from the perspectives of learning time, curriculum integration, and learning methods. Based on these features, we put forward the enlightenment for the reform of medical education curricula in China.

Aim To investigate the shared transcriptional characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and atherosclerosis(As)using bioinformatics techniques.The goal is to identify potential mechanisms and key targets of As that are linked to NAFLD through gene crosstalk analysis of both diseases.Additionally,the study will validate the expression levels of these key targets in animal tissues and human serum samples.Methods The gene ex-pression profiles of NAFLD(dataset GSE89632)and As(dataset GSE43292)were obtained from GEO database.Differ-ential gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were conducted to identify common genes between the two diseases.These shared genes were further analyzed using the String database for protein interaction analysis and R software.Core genes were identified through calculations in Cytoscape software,validation with external datasets(GSE100927),and machine learning techniques(LASSO regression).Finally,key core genes were determined by crea-ting nonalcoholic fatty liver and As mouse models on a high-fat diet and collecting peripheral serum samples from patients with NAFLD and coronary heart disease(CHD).Results Seventy-five shared genes were identified between the two diseases,with major enrichment pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,IL-17 signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,and NF-κB signaling pathway.Through integration of multiple bioinformatics methods,two core genes(MMP-9 and CCL3)were identified.Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated a significant increase in MMP-9 and CCL3 levels in the liver and aortic sinus of mice fed with high-fat diet,MMP-9 and CCL3 levels in the liver tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice were 2.43 times(P＜0.001)and 1.35 times(P＜0.01)higher than the control group,in the aortic sinus tissue,MMP-9 and CCL3 levels were 2.10 times(P＜0.001)and 1.58 times(P＜0.01)higher.Human serum sample verification further supported these findings,showing MMP-9 and CCL3 levels in patients with both NAFLD and CHD to be 1.21 times(P＜0.01)and 1.29 times(P＜0.01)higher than in patients with CHD alone.Conclusion This study identified MMP-9 and CCL3 may play key roles in NAFLD-related As,providing potential targets for the study of NAFLD-related As.

Objective:To explore the methylation degree of miRNA-4729 (miR-4729) in renal cancer tissues and its impact on the proliferation and migration abilities of renal cancer cell lines.Methods:Data from the SurvivalMeth database (updated in October 2022) was used to analyze the methylation degree of miR-4729 in 178 renal cancer tissues. Target gene with complementary binding sites to miR-4729 was predicted by miRNApath software. The normal renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 and the renal cancer cell lines Caki-1, A-498, ACHN, and 786-O were selected. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of miR-4729 in each cell line and the effect of methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on the expression of miR-4729 in renal cancer cells. A-498 cells with the lowest relative expression of miR-4729 were transfected with miR-4729 mimic (miR-4729 group) and miRNA-NC (NC group), and colony formation assay and scratch assay were used to detect the effect of overexpression of miR-4729 on the proliferation and migration abilities of A-498 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-4729 and DEAD box peptide 5 (DDX5). Western blotting was used to detect the effect of miR-4729 overexpression on the expression of DDX5 protein and AKT signaling pathway-related proteins (p-AKT, p-IKKα, p-Tpl2 and AS160) in A-498 cells.Results:The analysis results of data from the SurvivalMeth database showed that the methylation degree of miR-4729 in renal cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues ( P < 0.01). The relative expressions of miR-4729 in renal cancer Caki-1, A-498, ACHN, 786-O cells and normal renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were 0.62±0.05, 0.16±0.04, 0.53±0.02, 0.69±0.03, and 0.99±0.07, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 47.39, P < 0.01). Compared with various cell groups cultured with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the relative expressions of miR-4729 in renal cancer Caki-1, A-498, ACHN and 786-O cells cultured with 5-Aza-CdR were higher (all P < 0.01). The results of colony formation assay showed that the number of colonies formed in A-498 cells of the miR-4729 group and NC group were 53±6 and 102±10, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 4.25, P < 0.01). The results of scratch assay showed that the scratch healing rates of A-498 cells in the miR-4729 group and NC group were (42.3±2.7)% and (67.6±4.8)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 4.58, P < 0.01). The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-4729 directly targeted and bound to DDX5. The relative expressions of DDX5 mRNA in A-498 cells of the miR-4729 group and NC group were 0.93±0.25 and 5.29±0.74, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.60, P < 0.01). The results of Western blotting showed that compared with the NC group, the expression of DDX5 protein in A-498 cells of the miR-4729 group was lower, and the expressions of AKT signaling pathway-related proteins p-AKT, p-IKKα, p-Tpl2 and AS160 were also lower. Conclusions:Overexpression of miR-4729 decreases the activation level of AKT signaling pathway by targeting and inhibiting the expression of DDX5 gene, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells.

Children's fever is often accompanied by food accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that removing food stagnation while clearing heat of children can effectively avoid heat damage. To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules(XRCQ) in clearing heat and removing food accumulation and explore its potential mechanism, this study combined suckling SD rats fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet with injection of carrageenan to induce rat model of fever and food accumulation. This study provided references for the study on the pharmacodynamics and mechanism of XRCQ. The results showed that XRCQ effectively reduced the rectal temperature of suckling rats, improved the inflammatory environment such as the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), white blood cells, and monocytes. XRCQ also effectively repaired intestinal injury and enhanced intestinal propulsion function. According to the confirmation of its efficacy of clearing heat, the thermolytic mechanism of XRCQ was further explored by non-targeted and targeted metabolomics methods based on LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Non-target metabolomics analysis of brain tissue samples was performed by QI software combined with SIMCA-P software, and 22 endogenous metabolites that could be significantly regulated were screened out. MetaboAnalyst pathway enrichment results showed that the intervention mechanism was mainly focused on tyrosine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, and other pathways. At the same time, the results of targeted metabolomics of brain tissue samples showed that XRCQ changed the vitality of digestive system, and inhibited abnormal energy metabolism and inflammatory response, playing a role in clearing heat and removing food stagnation from multiple levels.
Animals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hot Temperature ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolomics ; Food ; Fever ; Interferon-gamma

OBJECTIVE: To develop monoclonal antibodies that can specifically recognize human von Willebrand factor (VWF) propeptide (VWFpp) in plasma, and establish a rapid and reliable method for the detection of VWFpp antigen in plasma by using the double-antibody sandwich ELISA with the obtained anti-VWFpp monoclonal antibody. METHODS: The recombinant human VWFpp (D1 and D2 regions) protein expressed in eukaryotic cells was used as immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice with routine method, so as to obtain clones of fusion cells. After screening and identification, hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against VWFpp were selected, and then double-antibody sandwich ELISA assay was used to construct VWFpp antigen detection kit for the determination of VWFpp in human plasma. The levels of VWFpp antigen in plasma of 12 leukemia patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation were dynamically detected. RESULTS: Two hybridoma cell lines that can be subcultured continuously and secrete monoclonal antibodies against VWFpp were obtained and named SZ175 and SZ176 respectively. Identified by ELISA and Western blot, the antibodies could both specifically recognize VWFpp but couldn't recognize mature VWF (without propeptide). Based on the principle of double-antibody sandwich ELISA, monoclonal antibodies SZ175 and SZ176 were successfully made into a kit for detecting VWFpp antigen. The plasma VWFpp levels of leukemia patients before and after bone marrow transplantation were dynamically detected. The results showed that the plasma VWFpp levels of the patients after transplantation were significantly higher than those before transplantation. CONCLUSION Two monoclonal antibodies against VWFpp were successfully prepared, and a double-antibody sandwich ELISA detection kit for VWFpp antigen was constructed, which provides a powerful tool for further study on the biological function of VWFpp, the clinical diagnosis and classification of von Willebrand disease (VWD), and the prognostic monitoring of endothelial injury-related diseases.
Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; von Willebrand Factor ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Protein Precursors/metabolism* ; von Willebrand Diseases/diagnosis* ; Prognosis