ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of baicalin for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rats and decipher the molecular mechanisms via the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups： normal control， COPD model， low-dose baicalin， medium-dose baicalin， high-dose baicalin， and budesonide. The normal control group received no treatment， whereas COPD was modeled in other groups with a combined modeling approach involving intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and passive cigarette smoke exposure. The model establishment was evaluated through behavioral observation combined with pathological examination. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to assess histopathological changes in the lung. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin （IL）-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β）］， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Meanwhile， the levels of IL-6， IL-17， and IL-22 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and IL-10， IL-22， and TNF-α in the lung tissue were measured via ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2） and Nrf2. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， NF-κB， HDAC2， and Nrf2 in the lung tissue. Additionally， real-time PCR was conducted to assess the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， and NF-κB in the lung tissue. ResultsHE staining revealed that the airway mucosal epithelium in the COPD model group appeared extensive shedding， structural disorganization， and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells within the lumen. And goblet cells showed compensatory proliferation with pathological hypertrophy of mucus glands. In contrast， inflammatory infiltration and alveolar overdistension were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups. The COPD model group exhibited mucus plug formation within the terminal bronchioles， along with fibrotic narrowing of the bronchial wall. Moreover， the smooth muscle bundles of the bronchial wall were hypertrophic， with concomitant collagen deposition. Progressive dissolution and rupture of alveolar septa were observed， leading to the formation of abnormally enlarged air-filled cavities. However， the bronchial wall structure was largely restored with only mild thickening of the smooth muscle layer in the baicalin groups. Compared with the COPD model group， the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups showed declined ROS and VEGF levels （P<0.05）， and all the baicalin groups presented lowered levels of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， TGF-β， and TNF-α and elevated level of IL-10 （P<0.05）. Baicalin upregulated the protein levels of HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， PI3K， and Akt， while suppressing the protein level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. Furthermore， baicalin increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GR while down-regulating the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. ConclusionBaicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB while enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor HDAC2 and activating the antioxidant factor Nrf2， thereby alleviating the lung tissue damage in COPD rats. The therapeutic effects of baicalin may be closely associated with its regulatory role in the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of baicalin for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rats and decipher the molecular mechanisms via the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups： normal control， COPD model， low-dose baicalin， medium-dose baicalin， high-dose baicalin， and budesonide. The normal control group received no treatment， whereas COPD was modeled in other groups with a combined modeling approach involving intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and passive cigarette smoke exposure. The model establishment was evaluated through behavioral observation combined with pathological examination. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to assess histopathological changes in the lung. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin （IL）-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β）］， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Meanwhile， the levels of IL-6， IL-17， and IL-22 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and IL-10， IL-22， and TNF-α in the lung tissue were measured via ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2） and Nrf2. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， NF-κB， HDAC2， and Nrf2 in the lung tissue. Additionally， real-time PCR was conducted to assess the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， and NF-κB in the lung tissue. ResultsHE staining revealed that the airway mucosal epithelium in the COPD model group appeared extensive shedding， structural disorganization， and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells within the lumen. And goblet cells showed compensatory proliferation with pathological hypertrophy of mucus glands. In contrast， inflammatory infiltration and alveolar overdistension were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups. The COPD model group exhibited mucus plug formation within the terminal bronchioles， along with fibrotic narrowing of the bronchial wall. Moreover， the smooth muscle bundles of the bronchial wall were hypertrophic， with concomitant collagen deposition. Progressive dissolution and rupture of alveolar septa were observed， leading to the formation of abnormally enlarged air-filled cavities. However， the bronchial wall structure was largely restored with only mild thickening of the smooth muscle layer in the baicalin groups. Compared with the COPD model group， the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups showed declined ROS and VEGF levels （P<0.05）， and all the baicalin groups presented lowered levels of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， TGF-β， and TNF-α and elevated level of IL-10 （P<0.05）. Baicalin upregulated the protein levels of HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， PI3K， and Akt， while suppressing the protein level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. Furthermore， baicalin increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GR while down-regulating the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. ConclusionBaicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB while enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor HDAC2 and activating the antioxidant factor Nrf2， thereby alleviating the lung tissue damage in COPD rats. The therapeutic effects of baicalin may be closely associated with its regulatory role in the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index(PNI)for postoperative out-comes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)undergoing transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods The clinical datas of 142 HCC patients treated with TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively collected.According to the cut-off value deter-mined by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),PNI,aspar-tate aminotransferase-neutrophil ratio(ANRI),aspartate aminotransferase-lymphocyte ratio(ALRI)and aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio(APRI)were divided into high group and low group,and their effects of TACE on postoperative outcome were ana-lyzed.Results Preoperative PNI was negatively correlated with liver function 1 week after TACE.Preoperative PNI and tumor size were independent risk factors for overall survival(OS).The PNI≥42.35 group was better than PNI<42.35 group(OS 28 months vs 10 months),the tumor size<5 cm was better than tumor size≥5 cm(OS 37 months vs 11 months),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).PNI was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival(PFS).The PNI≥42.35 group was better than PNI<42.35 group(PFS 6 months vs 3 months),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Preop-erative PNI has a certain prognostic value in HCC patients,and the OS and PFS of HCC patients with PNI<42.35 group after TACE are shorter.

Objective To discuss the application of partial antiplatelet drug genotype detection and thromboelastography-platelet mapping(TEG-PM)in guiding the selection of antiplatelet regimens in patients with intracranial aneurysms(IAs)after receiving stenting.Methods A total of 106 patients with IAs in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,who underwent implantation of stent and received the testings of platelet-endothelial aggregation receptor 1(PEAR 1)and clopidogrel-related gene-cytochrome P450 enzyme 2C19(CYP2C19),and some of whom received TEG-PM testing from January 2019 to August 2022,were collected for this study.The patients were divided into group A(gene detection group,according to the drug-related gene detection results to adjust the medication)and group B(combination group,according to the two testing results to guide the medication).The patient's gender,age,testing data were collected,and the occlusion of IAs,stent intimal hyperplasia,drug-related hemorrhagic and ischemic complications during follow-up period were recorded.Results A total of 123 IAs lesions in 106 patients were treated.The patient's mean age was(53.67±6.66)years,67 patients were female.Group A had 41 patients and group B had 65 patients.No statistically significant differences in the baseline data,IAs features,stent types used,and medication regimen existed between the two groups(all P＞0.05).In Group A,the ischemic complications and hemorrhagic complications occurred in two patients each.In Group B,no ischemic complications occurred and 4 patients developed hemorrhagic complications.The difference in the incidence of related complications between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.287 and P=0.782 respectively).There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative one-month and 3-month intimal hyperplasia grade and the aneurysm occlusion rate between the two groups(all P＞0.05).The postoperative 6-month overall intimal hyperplasia grade in Group A was slightly higher than that in Group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.034).Conclusion In order to improve the precision and individualized treatment of antiplatelet therapy,it is suggested that clinicians should adopt TEG-PM-guided conventional double-antibody therapy first when making selection of testing items.For patients with insufficient inhibition rate indicated by TEG-PM,testing of the genes associated with antiplatelet drugs should be used.Based on the genetic test results it is necessary to determine the reasons for the insufficient inhibition rate as well as to adjust the medication promptly according to the specific situation of the patient,so as to ensure the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy and achieve the purpose of individualized precision therapy.

Objective To explore the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index(PNI)for postoperative out-comes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)undergoing transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods The clinical datas of 142 HCC patients treated with TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively collected.According to the cut-off value deter-mined by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),PNI,aspar-tate aminotransferase-neutrophil ratio(ANRI),aspartate aminotransferase-lymphocyte ratio(ALRI)and aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio(APRI)were divided into high group and low group,and their effects of TACE on postoperative outcome were ana-lyzed.Results Preoperative PNI was negatively correlated with liver function 1 week after TACE.Preoperative PNI and tumor size were independent risk factors for overall survival(OS).The PNI≥42.35 group was better than PNI<42.35 group(OS 28 months vs 10 months),the tumor size<5 cm was better than tumor size≥5 cm(OS 37 months vs 11 months),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).PNI was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival(PFS).The PNI≥42.35 group was better than PNI<42.35 group(PFS 6 months vs 3 months),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Preop-erative PNI has a certain prognostic value in HCC patients,and the OS and PFS of HCC patients with PNI<42.35 group after TACE are shorter.

Objective To compare the differences in efficacy and safety between transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)com-bined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab(triple therapy)and TACE combined with lenvatinib(double therapy)in intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical data of 145 patients who were diagnosed with HCC and received triple therapy or double therapy were retrospectively collected.The differences of objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),median progression-free survival(mPFS),median overall survival(mOS),and adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results The ORR and DCR in 1,3 and 6 months of the triple therapy group were higher than those of the double therapy group,and the differences were statistically significant in 3 and 6 months.The mPFS and mOS of the triple therapy group were higher than those of the double therapy group,and the differences were statistically significant.The Cox proportional hazards model results showed that the therapy methods,maximum tumor diameter and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)were independent risk factors of progres-sion-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS).Besides,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)staging was independent risk fac-tor of OS.In terms of adverse events,the incidence of reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation(RCCEP)and hypothy-roidism in the triple therapy group were higher than those in the double therapy group,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant.Conclusion Compared with double therapy,triple therapy can significantly improve the efficacy of intermediate or advanced stage HCC,prolong patients'PFS and OS,and its safety can be well controlled.

Objective To compare high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation effect on uterine fibroids between patients with different uterus positions. Methods The clinical data of 372 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids, who were treated with HIFU at authors' hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the position of the uterus, the patients were divided into anteverted group, mid-position group and retroverted group. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the baseline data of fibroids and HIFU ablation results between each other among the three groups. Results Successful HIFU treatment was accomplished in all patients. The average age of the patients was (39±6) years. Single factor analysis of variance indicated that no statistically significant difference in baseline data of fibroids existed between each other among the three groups (P>0.05) . The one cm3 sonication time and energy efficiency factor (EEF) in the anteverted group were significantly smaller than those in the retroverted group, the differences were statistically significant (P =0.007 and P =0.017 respectively) . Conclusion Uterine fibroids within an anteverted uterus are more likely to be ablated by HIFU.

Objective ToinvestigatetheeffectofhighGintensityfocusedultrasound (HIFU)ablationonuterinefibroidswithdifferent withdifferentT2Gweightedimage(T2WI)signalintensity.Methods 357patientswithsymptomaticuterinefibroidstreatedwith HIFU wereretrospectivelyanalyzed.AccordingtoT2WIsignalcharacteristics,fibroidsweredividedinto4groups:hypointensity,isointensity, hyperintensityand mixedintensity.The HIFUtreatmentparametersandablationeffectsofeachgroup werecomparedby O n eG W a y analysisofvariance.Results Theaverageageofthepatientswas(38.5±6.2)y,andtherewerenosignificantdifferencesinbaseline data(P＞0.05).AllpatientssuccessfullycompletedHIFUtreatment,withtheaveragetreatmenttimeof(128.3±60.9)min,theaverage nonGperfusionvolumerate(NPVR)of(74.4±14.7)%,andtheaverageenergyefficiencyfactor(EEF)of(7.1±4.8)j/mm3.Theresults of O n eG W a y analysisofvarianceshowedthattheT2WIhypointensitygrouphadshortersonicationtime,treatmenttimeand1cm3 sonicationtime,smallertreatmentpowerandEEF,largerNPVR,comparingwiththehyperintensitygroup withstatisticallysignificant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion UterinefibroidswithT2WIhypointensityhavelowwatercontentandhighenergydepositionefficiency, whicharemoresuitableforHIFUablation.

Objective: To explore the effects of pubertal timing on eating disorders among adolescents in Bengbu. Methods: Totally 831 students from grade five to eight in two nine-year schools were selected and surveyed with Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and Eating Disorder Inventory(EDI). Results: The score of female on drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction was higher than male’s. The score of different grade on drive for thinness, bulimia, perfectionism,maturity fears and ineffectiveness was significant difference between them(P<0.05 ).The score of interpersonal distrust was highest in delay pubertal timing in schoolboys, and the score of drive for thinness，body dissatisfaction and diet of schoolgirl in early pubertal timing was highest，there was significant difference between them(F=2.68，4.87，6.46，3.07，5.49，P<0.05 ). Conclusion There are close relationship between the pubertal timing and eating disorders.The eating disorders will be offected in early and delay pubertal timing of adolescents.

Objective To explore the value of interventional therapy in unruptured intracranial aneurysms combined with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM).Methods Data of 23 patients with unruptured aneurysms combined with BAVM were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with interventional embolization,and the embolization methods were choosen according to the Redekop classification.The proximal or distal hemodynamic aneurysms were embolized with coils,and the intranidal aneurysms were embolized with Onyx.The outcome was assessed by the Glasgow outcome score (GOS) one week after treatment.DSA scan was used to observe whether there was recurrence during 3-6 months after embolization.Results Totally there were 36 aneurysms in 23 patients,including 8 intranidal aneurysms,16 proximal flow-related aneurysms,11 distal flow-related aneurysms and 1 unrelated aneurysm.Embolizations of 16 proximal hemodynamic aneurysms and l0 distal hemodynamic aneurysms were done with coils.And embolization of 8 intranidal aneurysms were done with Onyx.One distal hemodynamic aneurysm was not embolized due to the difficulty of embolization and the regular shap of aneurysm;and the patient died of cerebral hernia caused by intracranial hemorrhage on the sixth day after embolization.Because it was more suitable for surgical clipping,1 unrelated hemodynamic aneurysm was not embolized.In 23 cases,BAVM were completely embolized in 7 cases and incompletely embolized in 16 cases.A week after operation,the GOS score were 5 in 19 cases and 4 in 3 cases.The GOS score was not evaluated in the dead case.Except for 1 cases of death,the other 22 cases were followed up after embolization.No recurrence and intracranial hemorrhage occurred.Conclusion Interventional treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms combined with BAVM is safe and effective.Making treatment plan according to the hemodynamic characteristics of lesions and completely embolizing all lesions to prevent postoperative bleeding is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients.